scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation of Solar-Driven Biomass Pyro-Gasification Using H2O, CO2, or ZnO Oxidants for Clean Syngas and Metallurgical Zn Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Srirat Chuayboon ◽  
Stéphane Abanades
Keyword(s):  
Beech Wood ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Product Characterization ◽  
Single Process ◽  
U Value ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Particle Shapes ◽  
Promising Avenue

The solar gasification of biomass represents a promising avenue in which both renewable solar and biomass energy can be utilized in a single process to produce synthesis gas. The type of oxidant plays a key role in solar-driven biomass gasification performance. In this study, solar gasification of beech wood biomass with different oxidants was thermodynamically and experimentally investigated in a 1.5 kWth continuously-fed consuming bed solar reactor at 1200 °C under atmospheric pressure. Gaseous (H2O and CO2) as well as solid (ZnO) oxidants in pellet and particle shapes were utilized for gasifying beech wood, and the results were compared with pyrolysis (no oxidant). As a result, thermodynamic predictions provided insights into chemical gasification reactions against oxidants, which can support experimental results. Compared to pyrolysis, using oxidants significantly promoted syngas yield and energy upgrade factor. The highest total syngas yield (63.8 mmol/gbiomass) was obtained from biomass gasification with H2O, followed by CO2, ZnO/biomass mixture (pellets and particles), and pyrolysis. An energy upgrade factor (U) exceeding one was achieved whatever the oxidants, with the maximum U value of 1.09 from biomass gasification with ZnO, thus highlighting successful solar energy storage into chemical products. ZnO/biomass pellets exhibited greater gas yield, particularly CO, thanks to enhanced solid–solid reaction. Solid product characterization revealed that ZnO can be reduced to high-purity Zn through solar gasification, indicating that solar-driven biomass gasification with ZnO is a promising innovative process for CO2-free sustainable co-production of metallic Zn and high-quality syngas.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Utilization through Gasification Technology for Sustainable Energy Production and Economic Development in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbeminiyi M. Sobamowo ◽  
Sunday J. Ojolo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gasification Technology

Nigeria has not been able to provide enough electric power to her about 200 million people. The last effort by the federal government to generate 6000 MW power by the end of 2009 failed. Even with the available less than 6000 MW of electricity generated in the country, only about 40% of the population have access to the electricity from the National Grid, out of which, urban centers have more than 80% accessibility while rural areas, which constitute about 70% of the total population, have less than 20% of accessibility to electricity. This paper addresses the possibility of meeting the energy demand in Nigeria through biomass gasification technology. The techno-economic analysis of biomass energy is demonstrated and the advantages of the biomass gasification technology are presented. Following the technical analysis, Nigeria is projected to have total potential of biomass of about 5.5 EJ in 2020 which has been forecast to increase to about 29.8 EJ by 2050. Based on a planned selling price of $0.727/kWh, the net present value of the project was found to be positive, the cost benefit ratio is greater than 1, and the payback period of the project is 10.14 years. These economic indicators established the economic viability of the project at the given cost. However, economic analysis shows a selling price of $0.727/kWh. Therefore, the capital investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and fuel cost can be reduced through the development of the gasification system using local materials, purposeful and efficient plantation of biomass for the energy generation, giving out of financial incentives by the government to the investors, and locating the power plant very close to the source of feedstock generation.

An Experimental Data Based Correction Method of Biomass Gasification Equilibrium Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Damiani ◽  
A. Trucco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Main Operating ◽  
Equilibrium Simulation

This paper presents a modified equilibrium simulation model for biomass gasification performance prediction. The model, implemented in the MATLAB-SIMULINK® environment, is able to calculate the reactor main operating parameters such as reaction temperature, gas composition, gas flow rate and solid product (typically charcoal). The comparison of model output with experimental data puts in evidence the insufficient precision of equilibrium models due to their incapability of taking into account the nonequilibrium effects always present in the gasification process. To obtain a better prediction of measured values, the pure equilibrium model has been modified on the basis of literature experimental data, introducing semi-empirical relations with the aim to consider the most meaningful effects of nonequilibrium. The results demonstrate that this modification leads to an increased precision of the model in reproducing experimental data.

Lignocellulosic biorefinery: process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF process)

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Poth ◽  
Magaly Monzon ◽  
Nils Tippkötter ◽  
Roland Ulber
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Pachysolen Tannophilus ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract The aim of the present work is the process integration and the optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of wood and the following fermentation of the products to ethanol. The substrate is a fiber fraction obtained by organosolv pre-treatment of beech wood. For the ethanol production, a co-fermentation by two different yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus) was carried out to convert glucose as well as xylose. Two approaches has been followed: 1. A two step process, in which the hydrolysis of the fiber fraction and the fermentation to product are separated from each other. 2. A process, in which the hydrolysis and the fermentation are carried out in one single process step as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Following the first approach, a yield of about 0.15 g ethanol per gram substrate can be reached. Based on the SSF, one process step can be saved, and additionally, the gained yield can be raised up to 0.3 g ethanol per gram substrate.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification Potential in Nigeria: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Issue 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A Babatunde ◽  
O.O Agbede ◽  
I.I Olateju ◽  
S.D Bamidele ◽  
O.M Osuolale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Gasification Technology

Nigeria is blessed with abundant biomass throughout her six geo-political zones. However, biomass energy is largely used in the rural areas mainly for off grid purposes. The method of such biomass conversion is based on traditional combustion process which is grossly inefficient with attendance environmental implications. This paper addresses the use of gasification technology for the conversion of biomass to high value fuel. It presents biomass gasification as a solution to the menace of inadequate power generation, dependence on fossil fuel, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and inappropriate disposal of wastes. The paper also highlights the need for focus to be shifted to other means of renewable energy in the country rather than hydropower and bioethanol on which the energy policy in the country is concentrated on.

High Efficiency Renewable Energy From Residual Materials

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Allan Page
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Gasification Process

Recent price increases for various forms of energy along with projected shortages of supply have resulted in renewed interest in alternative fuels. Biomass gasification provides a renewable basis for supplying electric power and also a broad suite of chemicals such as Fisher-Tropsch liquids as well as hydrogen. The Taylor gasification process, being developed by Taylor Biomass Energy is a biomass gasification process that produces a medium calorific value (MCV) gas. The Taylor gasification process provides improvements over currently available gasification processes by integrating improvements to reduce issues with ash agglomeration and provide in-situ destruction of condensable hydrocarbons (tars), an essential element in gas cleanup. The gas conditioning step integrated into the Taylor Gasification Process provides a unique method to convert the tars into additional synthesis gas and to adjust the composition of the synthesis gas. Taylor Biomass Energy has developed and refined a sorting and recycling process that can produce a clean feedstock for energy recovery from abundant residue materials such as construction and demolition residuals and municipal solid wastes (MSW). The sorting and separating process can then be coupled to the Taylor gasification process to produce clean, sustainable energy. The development process including integration with a gas turbine based combined cycle system, connection into the New York ISO, and identification of renewable energy credit options is discussed along with a discussion of the Taylor Gasification Process, its modular design, and implementation into the commercial Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) system in Montgomery, NY.

Biomass Gasification Modelling: An Equilibrium Model, Modified to Reproduce the Operation of Actual Reactors

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Damiani ◽  
Angela Trucco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Main Operating ◽  
Equilibrium Simulation ◽  
Non Equilibrium

This paper presents a modified equilibrium simulation model for biomass gasification performance prediction. The model, implemented in the Matlab-Simulink® environment, is able to calculate the reactor main operating parameters, such as reaction temperature, gas composition, gas flow rate and solid product (typically charcoal). The comparison of model output with experimental data puts in evidence the insufficient precision of equilibrium models, due to their incapability of taking into account the non equilibrium effects always present in the gasification process. To obtain a better prediction of measured values the pure equilibrium model has been modified on the basis of literature experimental data, introducing semi-empirical correlations with the aim to consider the most meaningful effects of non-equilibrium. The results demonstrate that this modification leads to an increased precision of the model in reproducing experimental data.

scholarly journals SUDANESE EXPERIENCE TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
ABDELELAH MOHAMED ELHASSAN ABDELSLAM ◽  
MANAR FAWZI BANI MFARREJ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Cotton Stalks

As many of the developing countries in the world, Sudan depends heavily on the biomass energy sources as a major source of energy for household and traditional industries sectors. Recently, the biomass energy accounts for more than (61%) of the total energy consumption in the national energy balance. The dependence on the biomass energy sources creates serious environmental problems including desertification and climatic changes in many of the rural areas. Sudan is rich in agricultural residues in both irrigated and rain fed agricultural sectors. The country launched a new energy and environmentally sound policy to encourage the transfer of advanced sustainable biomass energy technologies. The policy is based on the optimal and efficient utilization of the available agricultural residues by the implementation of biomass renewable energy technologies. The main objectives of this paper are to highlight the filed experience on using biomass gasifier-based project for decentralized power supply for remote location in Gezira State, Sudan, and to present the challenges facing the large scale applications of the technology in the country. Three types of biomass were used: Raw Cotton Stalks, Cotton Stalks Briquettes, and Groundnut Shells Briquettes. The efficiency and the technical performance of the gasifier has been evaluated. The research concluded that gasifier could be one of the best technical option to convert agricultural biomass products into sustainable energy in rural areas. Biomass gasification proved that it is a promising technology for dementalization power generation in rural areas (Off-Grid), both because of difficulties in providing good quality grid power, and due to the wide availability of biomass even in remote villages in the country. The cotton stalks briquettes were found to be the best biomass sources for the gasification process. The obtained results give a very encouraging picture to make villages self-sufficient in their primary energy needs. It is therefore, highly recommended that, an accurate estimation of the potential biomass resources (agricultural. residues) base in Sudan, should be undertaken for implementation of a decentralized biomass gasification power plants in rural areas.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Technology in China: A Brief Review

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Shuangyin Chen ◽  
He Feng ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Jianguo Ye ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Direct Combustion

This study describes the technological processes and characteristics of biomass direct combustion power generation, biomass gasification power generation, biomass mixed combustion power generation, and biomass biogas power generation in terms of their importance and application in China. Under the perspective of environmental and economic sustainability, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method and dynamic analysis method based on time value are used to simulate and evaluate the environmental loads and economic benefits of different power generation processes. By comparing with coal-fired power generation systems, the environmental and economic benefits of different biomass power generation technologies are illustrated. The results shows that biomass gasification power generation has the best environmental benefits, with a total load of 1.05 × 10−5, followed by biomass biogas power generation (9.21 × 10−5), biomass direct combustion power generation (1.23 × 10−4), and biomass mixed combustion power generation (3.88 × 10−4). Compared with the environmental load of coal-fired power generation, the reduction rate was 97.69%, 79.69%, 72.87%, and 14.56% respectively. According to the analysis of the technical economy evaluation results, when the dynamic pay-back period and IRR (internal rate of return) were used as evaluation indicators, the biomass direct combustion power generation has the best pay-back period (7.71 years) and IRR (19.16%), followed by the biogas power generation, with higher dynamic payback period (12.03 years), and lower IRR (13.49%). For gasification power generation and mixed-combustion power generation, their dynamic payback period is long, and the IRR is low. If net present value (NPV) is selected as the evaluation index, the biogas power generation appears to be the best because its net present value per megawatt is 11.94 million yuan, followed by direct combustion power generation (6.09 million yuan), and the net present value of mixed-combustion power generation and gasification power generation is relatively low. Compared with coal-fired power generation, direct combustion power generation and biogas power generation present significant economic benefits.

A Novel Approach to the Generation of Sustainable Energy From Biomass and Wastes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Mark Millspaugh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Gasification Process

Recent price increases for various forms of energy along with projected shortages of supply have resulted in renewed interest in alternative fuels. Biomass gasification provides a renewable basis for supplying electric power and also a broad suite of chemicals such as Fisher-Tropsch liquids as well as hydrogen. The Taylor gasification process, being developed by Taylor Biomass Energy is a biomass gasification process that produces a MCV gas. The Taylor gasification process provides improvements over currently available gasification processes by integrating improvements to reduce issues with ash agglomeration and provide in-situ destruction of condensable hydrocarbons (tars), an essential element in gas cleanup. The gas conditioning step integrated into the Taylor Gasification Process provides a unique method to convert the tars into additional synthesis gas and to adjust the composition of the synthesis gas. Taylor Biomass Energy has developed and refined a sorting and recycling process that can produce a clean feedstock for energy recovery from abundant residue materials such as construction and demolition residuals and MSW. The sorting and separating process can then be coupled to the Taylor gasification process to produce clean, sustainable energy. Construction is expected to start in mid 2011 for an integrated combined cycle power system incorporating the Taylor Gasification Process and utilizing biomass feedstocks recovered from municipal solid wastes (MSW) and construction and demolition wastes C&D). The Taylor Recycling Facility, LLC, located approximately 70 miles northwest of New York City in Montgomery, NY, is a leader in C&D and waste wood recycling. The development process including integration with a gas turbine based combined cycle system, connection into the New York ISO, and identification of renewable energy credit options is discussed along with a discussion of the Taylor Gasification Process, its modular design, and implementation into the commercial IGCC system in Montgomery, NY.

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