scholarly journals The Potential of Fibroblast Transdifferentiation to Neuron Using Hydrogels

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Fahsai Kantawong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Direct Transdifferentiation

Currently there is a big drive to generate neurons from differentiated cells which would be of great benefit for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and drug screening. Most studies used transcription factors, epigenetic reprogramming and/or chromatin remodeling drugs which might reflect incomplete reprogramming or progressive deregulation of the new program. In this review, we present a potential different method for cellular reprogramming/transdifferentiation to potentially enhance regeneration of neurons. We focus on the use of biomaterials, specifically hydrogels, to act as non-invasive tools to direct transdifferentiation, and we draw parallel with existing transcriptional and epigenetic methods. Hydrogels are attractive materials because the properties of hydrogels can be modified, and various natural and synthetic substances can be employed. Incorporation of extracellular matrix (ECM) substances and composite materials allows mechanical properties and degradation rate to be controlled. Moreover, hydrogels in combinations with other physical and mechanical stimuli such as electric current, shear stress and tensile force will be mentioned in this review.

The effects of silk layer-by-layer surface modification on the mechanical and structural retention of extracellular matrix scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 4026-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewei Bi ◽  
Linhao Li ◽  
Zhinan Mao ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Lingbing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Layer Surface ◽  
Structural Retention ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds

The SF layer-by-layer surface functionalized SIS membrane exhibits tunable mechanical properties and degradation rate, satisfactory biocompatibility and good bioactivity.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Osteocyte Morphology and Bone Anisotropic Extracellular Matrix in Rat Femur

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Ishimoto ◽  
Keita Kawahara ◽  
Aira Matsugaki ◽  
Hiroshi Kamioka ◽  
Takayoshi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Rat Femur ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Principal Stress Direction ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
Osteocyte Lacunae ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOsteocytes are believed to play a crucial role in mechanosensation and mechanotransduction which are important for maintenance of mechanical integrity of bone. Recent investigations have revealed that the preferential orientation of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly composed of collagen fibers and apatite crystallites is one of the important determinants of bone mechanical integrity. However, the relationship between osteocytes and ECM orientation remains unclear. In this study, the association between ECM orientation and anisotropy in the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system, which is thought to be optimized along with the mechanical stimuli, was investigated using male rat femur. The degree of ECM orientation along the femur longitudinal axis was significantly and positively correlated with the anisotropic features of the osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi. At the femur middiaphysis, there are the osteocytes with lacunae that highly aligned along the bone long axis (principal stress direction) and canaliculi that preferentially extended perpendicular to the bone long axis, and the highest degree of apatite c-axis orientation along the bone long axis was shown. Based on these data, we propose a model in which osteocytes can change their lacuno-canalicular architecture depending on the mechanical environment so that they can become more susceptible to mechanical stimuli via fluid flow in the canalicular channel.

scholarly journals Age related extracellular matrix and interstitial cell phenotype in pulmonary valves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Wu ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Mitchell Kuss ◽  
Jung Yul Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Ross Operation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

AbstractHeart valve disease is a common manifestation of cardiovascular disease and is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pulmonary valve (PV) is of primary concern because of its involvement in common congenital heart defects, and the PV is usually the site for prosthetic replacement following a Ross operation. Although effects of age on valve matrix components and mechanical properties for aortic and mitral valves have been studied, very little is known about the age-related alterations that occur in the PV. In this study, we isolated PV leaflets from porcine hearts in different age groups (~ 4–6 months, denoted as young versus ~ 2 years, denoted as adult) and studied the effects of age on PV leaflet thickness, extracellular matrix components, and mechanical properties. We also conducted proteomics and RNA sequencing to investigate the global changes of PV leaflets and passage zero PV interstitial cells in their protein and gene levels. We found that the size, thickness, elastic modulus, and ultimate stress in both the radial and circumferential directions and the collagen of PV leaflets increased from young to adult age, while the ultimate strain and amount of glycosaminoglycans decreased when age increased. Young and adult PV had both similar and distinct protein and gene expression patterns that are related to their inherent physiological properties. These findings are important for us to better understand the physiological microenvironments of PV leaflet and valve cells for correctively engineering age-specific heart valve tissues.

Mechanical properties of decellularized extracellular matrix coated with TiCaPCON film

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 035014 ◽  
Author(s):  
I V Sukhorukova ◽  
A N Sheveyko ◽  
K L Firestein ◽  
Ph V Kiryukhantsev-Korneev ◽  
D Golberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix

In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation, Mechanical Properties, and Histocompatibility of Weft-Knitted Silk Mesh-Like Grafts

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
Liang Tang ◽  
Si-Yu Zhao ◽  
Ya-Dong Yang ◽  
Geng Yang ◽  
Wen-Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Artificial Ligament ◽  
In Vivo Degradation

To investigate the degradation, mechanical properties, and histocompatibility of weft-knitted silk mesh-like grafts, we carried out the In Vitro and In Vivo silk grafts degradation assay. The In Vitro degradation experiment was performed by immersing the silk grafts in simulated body fluid for 1 year, and the results showed that the degradation rate of the silk mesh-like grafts was very slow, and there were few changes in the mechanical properties and quality of the silk mesh-like graft. In Vivo degradation assay was taken by implantation of the silk mesh-like grafts into the subcutaneous muscles of rabbits. At 3, 6, and 12 months postoperation, the rate of mass loss was 19.36%, 31.84%, and 58.77%, respectively, and the maximum load was 63.85%, 34.63%, and 10.76%, respectively of that prior to degradation. The results showed that the degradation rate of the silk graft and the loss of mechanical properties In Vivo were faster than the results obtained in the In Vitro experiments. In addition, there were no significant differences in secretion of serum IL-6 and TNF-α between the experimental and normal rabbits (P >0.05), suggesting no obvious inflammatory reaction. The findings suggest that the weft-knitted silk mesh-like grafts have good mechanical properties, histocompatibility, and In Vivo degradation rate, and therefore represent a candidate material for artificial ligament

scholarly journals Emerging technologies for the non-invasive characterization of physical-mechanical properties of tablets

2017 ◽  
Vol 532 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek S. Dave ◽  
Hend I. Shahin ◽  
Susanne R. Youngren-Ortiz ◽  
Mahavir B. Chougule ◽  
Rahul V. Haware
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Non Invasive

Non-invasive evaluation of extracellular matrix remodeling in peripheral artery disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. e68
Author(s):  
Anna Hernández Aguilera ◽  
Signe H. Nielsen ◽  
Salvador Fernández-Arroyo ◽  
Vicente Martín-Paredero ◽  
Morten A. Karsdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Invasive Evaluation
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