scholarly journals Biodegradable Polyester Synthesis in Renewed Aqueous Polycondensation Media: The Core of the New Greener Polymer-5B Technology

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Ana C. D. Pfluck ◽  
Dragana P.C. de Barros ◽  
Luis P. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Operation ◽  
The Core

An innovative enzymatic polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols in aqueous polymerization media using free and immobilized lipases was developed. Various parameters (type of lipases, temperature, pH, stirring type and rate, and monomer carbon chain length) of the polycondensation in an oil-in-water (o/w) miniemulsion (>80% in water) were evaluated. The best results for polycondensation were achieved with an equimolar monomer concentration (0.5 M) of octanedioic acid and 1,8-octanediol in the miniemulsion and water, both at initial pH 5.0 with immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (PBLI). The synthesized poly(octamethylene suberate) (POS) in the miniemulsion is characterized by a molecular weight of 7800 g mol−1 and a conversion of 98% at 45 °C after 48 h of polycondensation in batch operation mode. A comparative study of polycondensation using different operation modes (batch and fed-batch), stirring type, and biocatalyst reutilization in the miniemulsion, water, and an organic solvent (cyclohexane:tetrahydrofuran 5:1 v/v) was performed. Regarding the polymer molecular weight and conversion (%), batch operation mode was more appropriate for the synthesis of POS in the miniemulsion and water, and fed-batch operation mode showed better results for polycondensation in the organic solvent. The miniemulsion and water used as polymerization media showed promising potential for enzymatic polycondensation since they presented no enzyme inhibition for high monomer concentrations and excellent POS synthesis reproducibility. The PBLI biocatalyst presented high reutilization capability over seven cycles (conversion > 90%) and high stability equivalent to 72 h at 60 °C on polycondensation in the miniemulsion and water. The benefits of polycondensation in aqueous media using an o/w miniemulsion or water are the origin of the new concept strategy of the green process with a green product that constitutes the core of the new greener polymer-5B technology.

scholarly journals Theoretical Prediction of Thermophysical Properties of Waste Beef Tallow Biodiesel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokul Raghavendra Srinivasan ◽  
Ranjitha Jambulingam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Carbon Molecules ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties ◽  
Two Independent Variables

In this present study, simple linear equations were developed for predicting the thermo-physical properties of beef tallow biodiesel by considering their molecular weight and number of double bonds as two independent variables. Interestingly, molecular weight signifies as a function of carbon chain length and number of carbon molecules in it whereas numbers of double bond signifies the degree of unsaturation.

scholarly journals Theoretical Prediction of Thermophysical Properties of Waste Beef Tallow Biodiesel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokul Raghavendra Srinivasan ◽  
Ranjitha Jambulingam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Carbon Molecules ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties ◽  
Two Independent Variables

In this present study, simple linear equations were developed for predicting the thermo-physical properties of beef tallow biodiesel by considering their molecular weight and number of double bonds as two independent variables. Interestingly, molecular weight signifies as a function of carbon chain length and number of carbon molecules in it whereas numbers of double bond signifies the degree of unsaturation.

Model and Kinetic Parameters Identification for Therapeutical Product Obtained According to the GMP Guidelines

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia Ungureanu ◽  
Mihai Caramihai ◽  
Ana Aurelia Chirvase ◽  
Ovidiu Muntean ◽  
Iosif Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Production Flow ◽  
Batch Operation ◽  
Modelling Error ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Batch Modelling

The technological solutions were elaborated to achieve the design of the production flow with respect of the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. To be in line with the GMP rules a fed-batch operation mode is be designed based on the batch modelling results. As the production rate of the microbial immunomodulator is associated with the biomass growth rate, it was required to study the bacterium growth kinetics in batch process. After the selection of the kinetic model based on several batches experimental data by using the analysis criteria - modelling error and estimation rule convergence, the limiting substrate concentration to be maintained during fed-batch cells exponential growth was determined as 115 - 125 mg/L. The batch bioprocess was performed in a Bioengineering AG bioreactor with a software based control of the main variables.

scholarly journals Theoretical Prediction of Thermophysical Properties of Waste Beef Tallow Biodiesel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokul Raghavendra Srinivasan ◽  
Ranjitha Jambulingam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Carbon Molecules ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties ◽  
Two Independent Variables

In this present study, simple linear equations were developed for predicting the thermo-physical properties of beef tallow biodiesel by considering their molecular weight and number of double bonds as two independent variables. Interestingly, molecular weight signifies as a function of carbon chain length and number of carbon molecules in it whereas numbers of double bond signifies the degree of unsaturation.

The Representation of Lower Molecular Weight Fatty Acids by the Bligh and Dyer Extraction Method

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1786-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

The Bligh and Dyer method of lipid extraction was investigated to determine the distribution of low molecular weight free fatty acids in the organic phase. Two solvent systems were studied: one using chloroform, methanol, and distilled water; the other using an aqueous fish extract containing natural buffer in place of distilled water. The low molecular weight fatty acids were not well represented in the chloroform layer and the presence of a buffer further depressed their distribution into the organic phase. Proportionately with increased molecular weight a greater percent of acid was recovered in the chloroform. Essentially total partitioning into the organic phase in both systems occurred at a carbon chain length of ten (decanoic acid).

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Anaerobic caproate production on carbon chain elongation: Effect of lactate/butyrate ratio, concentration and operation mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 124893
Author(s):  
Shanbiao Xie ◽  
Jingwei Ma ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Qiulai He ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Chain Elongation

Breaking Down the Supramolecular Ensemble: Single-Molecule Studies of the Concentration Dependence of Main-Chain Supramolecular Polymer Molecular Weight Distributions on Surfaces

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Michael J. Serpe ◽  
Jason R. Whitehead ◽  
Stephen L. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Supramolecular Polymer ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Single Molecule Studies ◽  
Supramolecular Ensemble

Single molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of oligonucleotide-based supramolecular polymers on surfaces are used to examine the molecular weight distribution of the polymers formed between a functionalized surface and an AFM tip as a function of monomer concentration. For the concentrations examined here, excellent agreement with a multi-stage open association model of polymerization is obtained, without the need to invoke additional contributions from secondary steric interactions at the surface.

Synthesis and Interfacial Activity of Alkyl Polyoxypropylene Sulfonate for Chemical Combination Flooding

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
You Yi Zhu ◽  
Zhang Lei Ning ◽  
Qing Feng Hou ◽  
Ming Lei ◽  
Guo Qing Jian
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Ultralow Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Formation

A serious of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was synthesized. The O/W interfacial activity of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial tension of Indonesia crude oil/formation water could reach ultralow level (10-3mN/m order of the magnitude) under weak alkali (Na2CO3) concentration from 0.4wt% to 1.0wt% with C16PO8S, C16PO10S, C18PO8S and C18PO10S alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate respectively. These surfactants showed good interface activity and salt and divalent cation tolerance ability. Combinations of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfanate homologies with different carbon chain length could significantly improve the interface activity. The IFT of Indonesia oil/formation water could reach ultralow interfacial tension under alkali free conditions. The combination of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant with petroleum sulfonate could improve the salt tolerance ability of formula.

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