scholarly journals Production of Electricity and Heat from Biomass Wastes Using a Converted Aircraft Turbine AI-20

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
Marek Hryniewicz ◽  
Dominika Szadkowska ◽  
Jan Szadkowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Test System ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Helium Atmosphere ◽  
Solid Biomass

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biomass micronization on energy production using a converted aircraft turbine AI-20. The test system was constructed in such a way to ensure continuous operation for a given period of time and was equipped in a chopper, a flail mill, and a micronizer. The turbine had the ability to produce energy from solid biomass and as well conventional fuels. The most energy was obtained from absolutely dry sunflower husk (17.27 MJ/kg) and the least from Poplar (7.82 MJ/kg). Miscanthus, wheat straw, and hay (approximately 17 MJ/kg) showed high values of energy production. In addition, the thermal decomposition of wheat straw at 350 and 450 °C was studied using the Py-GC/MS technique in a helium atmosphere to determine the gaseous compounds formed during biomass gasification under anaerobic conditions. The results obtained indicate the formation of compounds classified as phenols (vanillin, hydroxymethylfurfural).

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Lignocellulosic Biomass Pellets / GRANULĒTAS LIGNOCELULOZES BIOMASAS TERMISKĀS SADALĪŠANĀS UN DEGŠANAS PROCESU EKSPERIMENTĀLIE PĒTĪJUMI

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barmina ◽  
A. Lickrastina ◽  
M. Zake ◽  
A. Arshanitsa ◽  
V. Solodovnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion

The study is aimed at cleaner and more efficient heat energy production through investigation and analysis of the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass pellets with different elemental composition, the heating values and contents of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The estimation is provided for the influence of biomass composition on the combustion characteristics for softwood, wheat straw and wheat straw lignin pellets. The kinetics of thermal decomposition was studied experimentally, using a pilot device for two-stage processes of thermochemical conversion including gasification and combustion of biomass pellets under varying conditions. The experimental study includes time-dependent measurements of the biomass pellet weight loss during gasification and the correlating variations of the flame temperature, heat production rates, combustion efficiency and composition of the products at different stages of thermochemical conversion. Estimation is also given for the influence of the biomass composition on the combustion characteristics and heat energy production.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRAW CO-FIRING WITH GAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-529
Author(s):  
Inesa Barmina ◽  
Harijs Kalis ◽  
Antons Kolmickovs ◽  
Maksims Marinaki ◽  
Liiva Ozola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Additional Heat ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

The main goal of the present study is to promote a more effective use of agriculture residues (straw) as an alternative renewable fuel for cleaner energy production with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. With the aim to improve the main combustion characteristics at thermo-chemical conversion of wheat straw, complex experimental study and mathematical modelling of the processes developing when co-firing wheat straw pellets with a gaseous fuel were carried out. The effect of co-firing on the main gasification and combustion characteristics was studied experimentally by varying the propane supply and additional heat input into the pilot device, along with the estimation of the effect of co-firing on the thermal decomposition of wheat straw pellets, on the formation, ignition and combustion of volatiles (CO, H2). A mathematical model has been developed using the environment of the Matlab (2D modelling) and MATLAB package ”pdepe”(1D modelling) considering the variations in supplying heat energy and combustible volatiles (CO, H2) into the bottom of the combustor. Dominant exothermal chemical reactions were used to evaluate the effect of co-firing on the main combustion characteristics and composition of the products CO2 and H2O. The results prove that the additional heat from the propane flame makes it possible to control the thermal decomposition of straw pellets, the formation, ignition and combustion of volatiles and the development of combustion dynamics, thus completing the combustion of biomass and leading to cleaner heat energy production.

scholarly journals THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF BARZAS COALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Ivan Ya. Petrov ◽  
Boris G. Tryasunov ◽  
Alexander R. Bogomolov ◽  
Konstantin Yu. Ushakov ◽  
Alexander S. Zyabrev
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Helium Atmosphere ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Temperature Programmed Decomposition ◽  
Coal Organic Matter

Thermal decomposition processes of two types of Barzas sapromixites - a tile-like modification (“tile”) and a product of its weathering (“exfoliated tile”) - have been investigated in various media (air and helium). It has been shown that in the course of temperature-programmed decomposition (10 °C/min) of these forms of tile-like Barzas sapromixite, in both oxidizing (air) and inert (helium) atmospheres, four main temperature ranges can be distinguished: 1) < 150 °C - removal of adsorbed water (this temperature region is more pronounced for the weathered form of tile-like Barzas sapromixite); 2) 150-350 °C - removal of low molecular weight volatile components of coal in helium environment (with their simultaneous ignition in case of the decomposition in air); 3) 350-550 °C - the temperature region of primary or fast coal pyrolysis in an inert medium; in an oxidative medium, this stage of pyrolysis is accompanied by the burning of released tarry substances; 4) > 550 °C - the temperature region of secondary or high-temperature coal pyrolysis to form semi-coke in helium atmosphere, or the region of burning this semi-coke in air medium. Thermal breakdown processes of “exfoliated tiles” in the temperature range of the most intensive decomposition (350-550 °C) have been found to require less energy consumptions than the similar processes for tile-like Barzas coals (by 72-73 kJ/mol for both gas media of thermal treatment). It is supposed that the differences observed in thermal behavior of Barzas sapromixite forms under investigation may be related to the different contents of mineral components and their effects on the thermal decomposition of coal organic matter.

Prospects of Winter Wheat Straw for Energy Production

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri B Cantrell ◽  
Don W Watts ◽  
David H Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Energy Production

scholarly journals Mixed silage of Elodea and wheat straw as a substrate for energy production in anaerobic digestion plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gallegos ◽  
Harald Wedwitschka ◽  
Lucie Moeller ◽  
Sören Weinrich ◽  
Andreas Zehnsdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Energy Production

scholarly journals Hydrogen-rich syngas production via catalytic gasification of sewage sludge and wheat straw using corn stalk char-supported catalysts

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4294-4313
Author(s):  
Shuang Shang ◽  
Chaoqiang Guo ◽  
Kui Lan ◽  
Zeshan Li ◽  
Weitao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Catalytic Gasification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Syngas Production

The co-gasification of wheat straw and wet sewage sludge for hydrogen-rich gas production was investigated in a fixed bed reactor with corn stalk char (CSC)-supported catalysts. The Ni/CSC, Ni-Fe/CSC, and Ni-Fe-La/CSC catalysts were characterized via ultimate analysis, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. A series of experiments were performed to explore the effects of reactor temperature, catalyst type, moisture content of wet sludge, and catalyst recycling performance on the composition and yield of gasification gases. The experiments demonstrated that the nickel-iron alloy (Fe0.64Ni0.36) was detected in the Ni-Fe-La/CSC catalyst, and the Ni-Fe-La/CSC catalyst showed much higher hydrogen production compared with the Ni/CSC and Ni-Fe/CSC catalysts. Furthermore, La2O3 effectively maintained the catalytic performance of the catalyst by relieving carbon deposition. Compared with non-catalyst biomass gasification, H2 yield increased from 3.80 mol/kg to 11.96 mol/kg using Ni-Fe-La/CSC catalyst at 600 °C. The newly developed tri-metallic Ni-Fe-La/CSC catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for biomass gasification at low temperature.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Biodegradation of Wheat Straw Lignin: The Influence of Wet Explosion Pretreatment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Khan ◽  
Birgitte Kiaer Ahring
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Wet Explosion Pretreatment ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Wet Explosion

Large amounts of lignin residue is expected in the future when biorefineries for producing biofuels and bio-products will increase in numbers. It is, therefore, valuable to find solutions for using this resource for the sustained production of useful bioenergy or bio-products. Anaerobic digestion could potentially be an option for converting the biorefinery lignin into a valuable energy product. However, lignin is recalcitrant to biodegradation under anaerobic conditions unless the structure is modified. Wet oxidation followed by steam explosion (wet explosion) was previously found to make significant changes to the lignin structure allowing for biodegradation under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we examine the effect of wet explosion pretreatment for anaerobic digestion of wheat straw lignin under mesophilic (37 o C) conditions. Besides the biorefinery lignin produced from wheat straw, untreated lignin was further tested as feed material for anaerobic digestion. Our results showed that wet exploded lignin pretreated with 2% NaOH showed the highest lignin degradation (41.8%) as well as the highest methane potential of 157.3±9.9 ml/g VS. The untreated lignin with no pretreatment showed the lowest methane yield of 65.8±4.8 and only 3.5% of the lignin was degraded. Overall, increased severity of the pretreatment was found to enhance anaerobic degradation of lignin.

Metabolism of the renal medulla

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bernanke ◽  
Franklin H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Atp Generation ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Slices of the inner medulla of kidneys removed from hydropenic dogs were incubated with glucose and succinate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When theoretical maximum ATP generation was calculated from oxygen uptake and lactate production, the calculated energy production from oxidative degradation of glucose was twice that from glycolysis. Hypertonic solutions of NaCl and urea, in concentrations comparable to those present in vivo, depressed both lactate production from glucose and oxygen uptake in succinate to the same extent. Studies of CO2 generation by medullary slices from labeled glucose in 100% O2 showed a C1/C6 ratio of 3.7, compared to 1.7 for cortex. It is suggested that oxidative metabolism may play a critical role in the renal medulla of intact animals in providing energy for active transport of sodium and thereby facilitating the process by which urine is concentrated.

Review of Biodegradability Tests for the Purpose of Developing Regulations

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Test System ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Standard Tests ◽  
Biodegradability Test

Abstract The goal of this review is to propose acceptable testing method(s) for the measurement of the biodegradability of a chemical under both waste treatment and typical environmental conditions, particularly those relevant to Canada. A mul-titier biodegradability test system is recommended for the protection of the environment and human health. The tiers are comprised of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) standard tests for rapid biodegradability (headspace carbon dioxide evolution test, ISO #9439), for inherent biodegradability (activated sludge simulation test, ISO #11733) under oxidative conditions, and for biodegradability under anaerobic conditions (ultimate anaerobic biodegradability test, ISO #11734).

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