scholarly journals Recovery of Raw Materials from Ceramic Waste Materials for the Refractory Industry

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Severin Seifert ◽  
Sebastian Dittrich ◽  
Jürgen Bach
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Chemical Purity ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Refractory Bricks

Products of the refractory industry are key for the production of heavy industry goods such as steel and iron, cement, aluminum and glass. Corresponding industries are dependent on thermal processes to manufacture their products, which in turn would not be possible if there were no refractory materials, such as refractory bricks or refractory mixes. For the production of refractory materials, primary raw materials or semi-finished products such as corundum, bauxite or zircon are used. Industrial recycling of refractory raw materials would reduce dependencies, conserve resources and reduce global CO2 emissions. Today, only a small quantity of the refractory materials used can be recycled because raw materials (regenerates) obtained from end-of-life materials are of insufficient quality. In this study, regenerates from different refractory waste products could be obtained using the innovative processing method of electrodynamic fragmentation. It was shown that these regenerates have a high chemical purity and are therefore of high quality. It could be confirmed that the use of these regenerates in refractory materials does not affect the characteristic properties, such as refractoriness and mechanical strength. Thus, electrodynamic fragmentation is a process, which is able to provide high-quality raw materials for the refractory industry from used materials.

scholarly journals Materials and Applications for Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanmyrat Abdullayev ◽  
Maged Bekheet ◽  
Dorian Hanaor ◽  
Aleksander Gurlo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Materials Used

In water treatment applications, the use of ceramic membranes is associated with numerous advantages relative to polymer-based filtration systems. High-temperature stability, fouling resistance, and low maintenance requirements contribute to lower lifecycle costs in such systems. However, the high production costs of most commercially available ceramic membranes, stemming from raw materials and processing, are uneconomical for such systems in most water treatment applications. For this reason, there is a growing demand for new ceramic membranes based on low-cost raw materials and processes. The use of unrefined mineral feedstocks, clays, cement, sands, and ash as the basis for the fabrication of ceramic membranes offers a promising pathway towards the obtainment of effective filtration systems that can be economically implemented in large volumes. The design of effective ceramic filtration membranes based on low-cost raw materials and energy-efficient processes requires a balance of pore structure, mass flow, and robustness, all of which are highly dependent on the composition of materials used, the inclusion of various pore-forming and binding additives, and the thermal treatments to which membranes are subjected. In this review, we present recent developments in materials and processes for the fabrication of low-cost membranes from unrefined raw materials, including clays, zeolites, apatite, waste products, including fly ash and rice husk ash, and cement. We examine multiple aspects of materials design and address the challenges relating to their further development.

scholarly journals Use of Plastic Aggregates in Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4406-4412
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Materials Used

There is no doubt concrete is most useful thing in construction industry but it has a negative impact also, just like a coin has two faces. Raw materials used in manufacturing of concrete affects the environment in one or the another negative way. Like manufacturing of cement produce carbon dioxide whereas the production of aggregates adds dust to the environment. Production of coarse aggregates also impact the geology of the area from they were extracted. A step taken in this direction is the use of waste products along with or in replacement of cement. Many of these materials are already in use, like silica fume, fly ash etc. In this study, plastic coarse aggregates were used in place of natural coarse aggregates. Plastic aggregates were produced by little processing of waste plastic. Plastic is the biggest threat to the environment, and it is affecting the environment rapidly. Some recent studies show that it can be used construction industry due to some of its properties like inert behavior, resistance to degradation etc. Also use of waste plastic can help in reducing plastic waste Various experiments were performed to test the mechanical properties of the concrete with plastic coarse aggregates. Concrete was prepared using plastic coarse aggregates in varying proportions of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%

Impact of Raw Material Quality on Performance of Mixing and Charging Machines in Drilling and Blasting Operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
T.S. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Incoming Inspection

A study into the failure causes of mixing and charging equipment confirms that the main impact on the probability of accidents is the use of raw materials that do not meet the specifications and have unstable properties. The raw materials used for explosives preparation in mechanized charging of boreholes include such components as ammonium nitrate, emulsion phase, diesel fuel, emulsifier and others. The paper describes the application of various formulations with these components in specific types of mixing and charging machines manufactured by AZOTTECH LLC. The main properties that affect the quality of raw materials are summarised, and the incoming inspection of explosive components is described as part of the acceptance procedure at temporary storage sites at a hazardous production facility. The paper describes common types of equipment failures and maintenance procedures when using substandard raw materials. The conclusion highlights the key practices to improve the equipment uptime as well as recommendations for incoming inspection and the use of high-quality explosive components.

scholarly journals Effect of use residual sludge from watertreatment plants as a partial substitute forclay for refractory bricks production

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Alejandra Sarabia-Guarín ◽  
Jorge Sánchez-Molina ◽  
Juan Carlos Bermúdez-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Residual Sludge ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Refractory Bricks

The sludge generated from water treatment has been classified as a potential environmental pollutant. Because of its chemical composition similar to clay, was proposed to evaluate the effect of its incorporation as a partial substitute for traditional clay materials in the manufacture of aluminosilicate refractory bricks. The raw materials used were characterized by XRD and XRF; the prototypes designed were mixed, extruded, dried and firing at 1200°C, evaluating their linear shrinkage, apparent density, porosity, water absorption and mechanical and pyroscopic resistance (melting cone softening point). The results show the addition of 10% of sludges from industrial water treatment plant, contributedto elevate the softening point the clay that obtaining a refractory brick capable to supporting a temperature up to 1430 °C

scholarly journals Conditioning techniques technogenic raw materials used for binders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Kochetkov S.P. ◽  
Bryl S.V. ◽  
Smirnov N.N. ◽  
Rukhlina N.I. ◽  
Rukhlin G.V.
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

For production of binding building materials in Russia and worldwide, used a variety of calcium-containing natural raw material: calcium carbonates, aragonite (CaCO3); sulfates-gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O,CaSO4); oxides and hydroxides (bauxite glinozemservice); perforate-apatites and phosphates (Ca5∙(PO4)3∙F). The article discusses the need for air-conditioning of phosphogypsum to ensure that he was suitable without restrictions for processing into high-quality gypsum binders.

Influence of the quality of raw materials on the composition and theconditions for the fermentation of apple juice

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Мадина Борисовна Хоконова ◽  
Ирина Шамильевна Дзахмишева ◽  
Алим Борисович Хоконов
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Materials Used

Плодовый спирт получают путем спиртового брожения плодово-ягодного сока, мезги свежих плодов или выжимки после отжатия сока. Переработка нестандартной части плодово-ягодного сырья, а также вторичная переработка отходов с целью получения плодового спирта - выгодное направление, повышающее эффективность работы винодельческих предприятий и увеличивающее ассортимент выпускаемых продуктов. На основе качественного плодового спирта получают слабоалкогольные напитки типа сидра. Работа посвящена изучению способов улучшения технологических качеств плодового сырья, используемого для получения спирта, а также качественных виноматериалов для производства сидра на ООО «Чегемский Винпищепром». Установлено, что сырье характеризуется низкой величиной глюкоацидометрического показателя. Для яблок он составляет 5,8-8,8. Количество сухих веществ варьирует у сортов в пределах 9,5-11,0 %. Максимум отмечен у сорта Ренет Симиренко. Меньшее содержание сахаров отмечено у сорта Айдаред, максимальное - у сорта Джонатан. Титруемая кислотность у данных сортов варьирует от 5,5-6,0. Определена разница между яблочным соком и спиртом-сырцом по химическому составу. Крепость спирта-сырца составляет 59,3-60,3 %об. Яблочный спирт получали путем дистилляции периодическим способом. Определено, что температура охлаждения сусла не зависит от скорости сбраживания. Наиболее пригодные для производства сидра сорта яблок Айдаред, Джонатан с содержанием сухих веществ 9,5-10,0 % и скоростью сбраживания 1,5 г/л.ч. Fruit alcohol is obtained by alcoholic fermentation of fruit and berry juice, pulp of fresh fruits or pomace after squeezing the juice. Processing of non-standard parts of fruit and berry raw materials, as well as recycling waste, in order to obtain fruit alcohol, is a profitable direction that increases the efficiency of wineries and increases the range of products. Low-alcohol drinks such as cider are produced on the basis of high-quality fruit alcohol. The work is devoted to the study of ways to improve the technological qualities of fruit raw materials used to obtain alcohol, aswell as high-quality wine materials for the production of ciderat OOO Chegemsky Vinpischeprom. It was found that the raw material is characterized by a low glucoacidometric indicator. For apples, it is 5,8-8,8.The amount of dry matter varies in varieties within 9,5-11,0%.The maximum was observed in the Renet Simirenko variety. The lower sugar content was noted in the Idared variety, the maximum in the Jonathan variety. The titratable acidity of these varieties varies from 5,5-6,0.The chemical composition difference between apple juice and raw alcohol was determined. The strength of the raw alcohol is 59,3-60,3% vol. Apple alcohol was obtained by distillation in a batch wise manner. It has been determined that the cooling temperature of the wort does not depend mainly on the rate of fermentation. The most suitableapple varieties for the production of cider are Idared, Jonathan with a dry matter content of 9,5-10,0% and a fermentation rate of 1,5 g/l.H.

scholarly journals Perspective raw materials of Uzbekistan for the production of refractory materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Z. R. Kadyrova ◽  
R. Kh. Pirmatov ◽  
A. A. Eminov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Materials Used

The results of studies of promising raw material resources of Uzbekistan (enriched kaolins, bauxite-like rock, highalumina waste from the gas processing industry) to obtain high-alumina aggregates are presented. It is established that these raw materials in terms of their physico-chemical indicators meet the requirements for aluminosilicate and high-alumina materials used in metallurgical units. Ref. 13. Tab. 3.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽  
Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽  
Anna Gilina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

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