scholarly journals Densification of Biocarbon and Its Effect on CO2 Reactivity

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Hamideh Kaffash ◽  
Gerrit Ralf Surup ◽  
Merete Tangstad
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Coke Coal ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Ferroalloy Production ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Co2 Reactivity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
High Co2

Charcoal is an interesting reducing agent because it is produced from biomass which is renewable and does not contribute to global warming, provided that there is a balance between the felling of timber and growth of trees. Biocarbon is a promising alternative to fossil reductants for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing sustainability of the metallurgical industry. In comparison to conventional reductants (i.e., petroleum coke, coal and metallurgical coke), charcoal has a low density, low mechanical properties and high CO2 reactivity, which are undesirable in ferroalloy production. Densification is an efficient way to upgrade biocarbon and improve its undesirable properties. In this study, the deposition of carbon from methane on three types of charcoal has been investigated at 1100 °C. CO2 reactivity, porosity and density of untreated and densified charcoal were measured, and results were compared to metallurgical coke. Surface morphology of the charcoal samples was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM confirmed the presence of a deposited carbon layer on the charcoal. It was found that the CO2 reactivity and porosity of charcoals decreased during the densification process, approaching that of fossil fuel reductants. However, the CO2 reactivity kept higher than that of metallurgical coke.

Fuel Properties of a Two-Phase Biodiesel Emulsion

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Ning Ning Chu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Yu Jiu Ma ◽  
Jian Xun Wang ◽  
Xue Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning

Biodiesel is one of the most promising alternative clean fuels to fossil fuel, which can effectively reduce the emissions from fossil fuel burning. The high oxygen content in biodiesel can promote the burning process, but it can also increase NOx formation simultaneously, when biodiesel is used as fuel. Fuel emulsification is considered to be effective in reducing NOx emissions. In this study, soybean oil was used as raw oil to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction. The biodiesel product was then emulsified with water and emulsifying surfactant to form water-in-oil (w/o) biodiesel emulsion. The biodiesel emulsion composed of 1.5% polyoxyethylated castor oil (EL-12), 0.7% lethicin and 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was proved to have the better emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsifying stability (ES) values, and higher combustion heat than those of the neat biodiesel and reference biodiesel emulsion (with 2.7% EL-12 as the emulsifying surfactant).

157. The relationship between optical texture and co2 reactivity of metallurgical coke

Carbon ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Seiji Nishida ◽  
Hideo Fujita ◽  
Mitsumasa Hijiriyama
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Co2 Reactivity ◽  
Optical Texture ◽  
The Relationship

Experimental Investigation Into the Characteristics of Chars Obtained From Fast Pyrolysis of Different Biomass Fuels

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Gao ◽  
Yaning Zhang ◽  
Bingxi Li ◽  
Gongnan Xie ◽  
Wenke Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Graphitization Degree

Biomass is a promising alternative energy source for fossil fuel with the advantages of abundance, renewability, environmental friendliness, etc. This makes the development of biomass technology be of great potential and interesting. The experiments of biomass fast pyrolysis were performed in a microquartz reactor for rice husk (RH), corn stalk (CS) and birch wood (BW), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer, and Raman microscope were then applied to analyze the collected chars. The average char yields of RH, CS, and BW pyrolyzed at 800 °C were 29.64%, 18.67%, and 8.64%, respectively. The morphological structures of RH and CS were mainly reserved in chars, while the raw surface textures of BW disappeared during the fast pyrolysis. The silicon concentrations in RH char and CS char were much higher than BW char, and the graphitization degree of CS char was the lowest among the three biomass chars.

Algal Biofuel: A Promising Alternative for Fossil Fuel

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Hoofar Shokravi ◽  
Zahra Shokravi ◽  
Maniruzzaman A. Aziz ◽  
Hooman Shokravi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Algal Biofuel ◽  
Promising Alternative

scholarly journals Using wood and bone ash to remove metal ions from solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

In the present work, wood and bone ash were used to remove metal cations from solutions. Cation-removal capacity of the ashes was analyzed by potentiometric titration. It was found that the capacity of wood ash was two times higher (37.3 meq g-1) than bone ash (15.2 meq g-1). Kinetics of metal ions removal by both ashes was described with pseudo-second order equation and Langmuir model was employed to describe equilibrium of the process. Wood ash had better removal properties than bone ash - at the same experimental conditions biosorption capacity at equilibrium for wood ash was 2 times higher (244 mg g-1) than for bone ash (123 mg g-1). Promising results were also obtained for wood ash, which was capable of removing 67.9 % of Zn(II) ions, 70.4 % of Cd(II) ions, 92.8 % of Cu(II) ions and 99.1 % of Cr(III) ions from model solution of wastewater from metallurgical industry and 84.5 % of Cr(III) ions from the postbiosorption solution from the production process of biological feed additives. The utilization of ashes of biological origin was found to be a promising alternative to conventional processes of wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Poly(3-Hydroxypropionate): a Promising Alternative to Fossil Fuel-Based Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (21) ◽  
pp. 6574-6582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Andreeßen ◽  
Nicolas Taylor ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Storage Compounds ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
Hydroxypropionic Acid

ABSTRACTPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are storage compounds synthesized by numerous microorganisms and have attracted the interest of industry since they are biobased and biodegradable alternatives to fossil fuel-derived plastics. Among PHAs, poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] has outstanding material characteristics and exhibits a large variety of applications. As it is not brittle like, e.g., the best-studied PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)], it can be used as a plasticizer in blends to improve their properties. Furthermore, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is considered likely to become one of the new industrial building blocks, and it can be obtained from poly(3HP) by simple hydrolysis. Unfortunately, no natural organism is known to accumulate poly(3HP) so far. Thus, several efforts have been made to engineer genetically modified organisms capable of synthesizing the homopolymer or copolymers containing 3HP. In this review, the achievements made so far in efforts to obtain biomass which has accumulated poly(3HP) or 3HP-containing copolymers, as well as the properties of these polyesters and their applications, are compiled and evaluated.

Molecular Design of High CO2 Reactivity and Low Viscosity Ionic Liquids for CO2 Separative Facilitated Transport Membranes

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2821-2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Otani ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Tatsuya Matsuki ◽  
Eiji Kamio ◽  
Hideto Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Facilitated Transport ◽  
Co2 Reactivity ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Low Viscosity

scholarly journals Improvement of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil and Performance Test with Diesel in CI Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Islam ◽  
M. R. Nahian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Global Energy Supply

The standard of living, quality of life, and development of a nation depend on its per capita energy consumption. Global energy supply that mainly depends on fossil fuel is decreasing day by day. It is estimated that the energy demand will be increased five times by the year 2021 from present scenario. Due to the fossil fuel crisis, the development of alternative fuel technologies has drawn more attraction to deliver the replacement of fossil fuel. Pyrolysis is one of the promising alternative fuel technologies which produces valuable oil, char, and gas product from organic waste. Early investigations report that tire pyrolysis oil extracted from vacuum pyrolysis method seemed to have properties similar to diesel fuel. The main concern of this paper is to produce and improve the properties of crude tire pyrolysis oil by desulfurizing, distilling, and utilizing it with diesel in CI engine to analyze the efficiency for various compositions.

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