scholarly journals A Kraft Mill-Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Liquid Fuel Co-Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Y. Ong ◽  
Timothy G. Walmsley ◽  
Martin J. Atkins ◽  
Michael R. W. Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Liquefaction Process

There is a growing awareness of the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and the inevitable depletion of fossil fuel. With the market pull for the growth in sustainable and renewable alternative energy, the challenge is to develop cost-effective, large-scale renewable energy alternatives for all energy sectors, of which transport fuels are one significant area. This work presents a summary of novel methods for integrating kraft mills with a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The application of these methods has resulted in a proposed kraft mill-integrated design that produces a liquid fuel and could provide net mitigation of 64.6 kg CO2-e/GJ, compared to conventional petrol and diesel fuels, at a minimum fuel selling price of 1.12–1.38 NZD/LGE of fuel, based on the case study. This paper concludes that a hydrothermal liquefaction process with product upgrading has promising economic potential and environmental benefits that are significantly amplified by integrating with an existing kraft mill. At the current global kraft pulp production rate, if each kraft mill transforms into a biorefinery based on hydrothermal liquefaction, the biofuel production is an estimated 290 Mt (9.9 EJ).

Production of Bio-Crude Oil from Microalgae Chlorella sp. Using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Aldeniro Arief Bawono ◽  
Hisyam Adhisatrio ◽  
Laras Prasakti ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Liquefaction Process ◽  
Water Ratio

Currently, microalgae have attracted as potential feedstock for biofuel production. Hydrothermal liquefaction was proposed as technology to convert microalgae into bio-crude oil. Microalgae used in this study was Indonesia-cultivated Chlorella sp., This work investigated the effect of temperature (200°C, 225°C, 250°C), biomass weight-water ratio (1:20, 2:20, 3:20), and residence time (10, 20, 30 minutes) on bio-crude oil yield of non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. The highest bio-crude oil yield was 2.25%, obtained at temperature of 250°C biomass weight-water ratio of 1:20, and residence time of 10 minutes. The highest component of bio-crude oil was alcohols. The low bio-crude oil yield was caused by the longer residence time of cooling step (driving gas conversion), low amount of carbon-hydrogen content and high amount of oxygen-ash content in biomass. Furthermore, the highest component of bio-crude oil was alcohols, stimulated by low carbon content coupled with high oxygen content in Chlorella sp.

A heat- and mass-integrated design of hydrothermal liquefaction process co-located with a Kraft pulp mill

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 116235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H.Y. Ong ◽  
Timothy G. Walmsley ◽  
Martin J. Atkins ◽  
Petar S. Varbanov ◽  
Michael R.W. Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Liquefaction Process

scholarly journals Advanced Metabolic Engineering Approaches and Renewable Energy to Improve Environmental Benefits of Algal Biofuels: LCA of Large-scale Biobutanol Production with Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Villacreses-Freire ◽  
Franziska Ketzer ◽  
Christine Rösch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Synechocystis Pcc6803 ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Green Cell

AbstractWith modern genetic engineering tools, microorganisms can become resilient green cell factories to produce sustainable biofuels directly. Compared to non-engineered algae and cyanobacteria, the photon conversion efficiency can be significantly increased. Furthermore, simplified harvesting processes are feasible since the novel microorganisms are excreting the biofuels or their precursors continuously and directly into the cultivation media. Along with higher productivity and direct product harvesting, it is expected that environmental benefits can be achieved, especially for climate protection. A life cycle assessment (LCA) for biobutanol production with the genetically engineered cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803 is performed to test this hypothesis. A prospective and upscaled approach was applied to assess the environmental impacts at large-scale production (20 ha plant) for better comparability with conventional butanol production. The LCA results show that the engineering of microorganisms can improve the environmental impact, mainly due to the higher productivity compared to non-engineered cyanobacteria. However, the nevertheless high electricity demand required for the cultivation and harvesting process overcompensates this benefit. According to the scenario calculations, a more favourable climate gas balance can be achieved if renewable electricity is used. Then, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to 3.1 kg CO2 eq/kg biobutanol, corresponding to 20% more than the fossil reference: (2.45 kg CO2 eq./kg 1-butanol). The results indicate the importance of genetic engineering and the energy transition towards renewable electricity supply to take full advantage of the environmental potential of microorganisms as future green cell factories for sustainable biofuel production. Besides, the necessity of developing different scenarios for perspective and upscaled LCA for a fairer comparison with mature reference technologies is demonstrated.

The sugar and alcohol industry in the biofuels and cogeneration era: a paradigm change (part II)

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Electo Eduardo Silv Lora ◽  
Mateus Henrique Rocha ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Osvaldo José Venturini ◽  
Maria Luiza Grillo Renó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Steam Parameters

The aim of this paper is to discuss the major technological changes related to the implementation of large-scale cogeneration and biofuel production in the sugar and alcohol industry. The reduction of the process steam consumption, implementation of new alternatives in driving mills, the widespread practice of high steam parameters use in cogeneration facilities, the insertion of new technologies for biofuels production (hydrolysis and gasification), the energy conversion of sugarcane trash and vinasse, animal feed production, process integration and implementation of the biorefinery concept are considered. Another new paradigm consists in the wide spreading of sustainability studies of products and processes using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the implementation of sustainability indexes. Every approach to this issue has as an objective to increase the economic efficiency and the possibilities of the sugarcane as a main source of two basic raw materials: fibres and sugar. The paper briefly presents the concepts, indicators, state-of-the-art and perspectives of each of the referred issues.

scholarly journals Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Pål Börjesson ◽  
Blas Mola-Yudego ◽  
Göran Berndes ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Eu Policies

AbstractWithin the scope of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in coherence with other EU policies, new incentives are developed for farmers to deploy practices that are beneficial for climate, water, soil, air, and biodiversity. Such practices include establishment of multifunctional biomass production systems, designed to reduce environmental impacts while providing biomass for food, feed, bioenergy, and other biobased products. Here, we model three scenarios of large-scale deployment for two such systems, riparian buffers and windbreaks, across over 81,000 landscapes in Europe, and quantify the corresponding areas, biomass output, and environmental benefits. The results show that these systems can effectively reduce nitrogen emissions to water and soil loss by wind erosion, while simultaneously providing substantial environmental co-benefits, having limited negative effects on current agricultural production. This kind of beneficial land-use change using strategic perennialization is important for meeting environmental objectives while advancing towards a sustainable bioeconomy.

scholarly journals Bio-Flocculation Property Analyses of Oleaginous Microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides UTEX 2341

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Jinyu Li ◽  
Baozhen Li ◽  
Jinshui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Oleaginous Microalgae ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Flocculation Ability ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Auxenochlorella Protothecoides

The bio-flocculation ability of UTEX 2341 was studied for the purpose of improving microalgae harvesting efficiency to cut the high cost of biofuel production. The algae cells of UTEX 2341 cultured under heterotrophic and municipal wastewater conditions were found to have better self-flocculation ability, with flocculation rates of 92% and 85% at 2 h, respectively. Moreover, the flocculation rates of 16 freeze-dried microalgae powder samples cultured under different stress conditions were 0~72% with an algae powder dosage of 35 mg L−1. The flocculation efficiency of DIM, DCd1, DT28, and L6S was stable under different pH of 3~9 and temperatures of 15~50 °C. For samples of IM, LCd0.6, LMn2, and LZn2, the flocculation efficiency decreased or increased respectively with increased pH or temperatures. Though the flocculation properties of the eight samples showed wide differences, their flocculant compositions were almost the same with unknown components occupying large proportions. More studies needed to be further carried out to reveal the flocculation mechanisms and analyze the flocculation abilities in practical application, which would be conducive to future large-scale application of the bio-flocculation method and also cost reduction.

Potential of drop-in biofuel production from camel manure by hydrothermal liquefaction and biocrude upgrading: A Qatar case study

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 121027
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alherbawi ◽  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari ◽  
Hamish R. Mackey ◽  
Gordon McKay
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4492
Author(s):  
Komeil Kohansal ◽  
Kamaldeep Sharma ◽  
Saqib Sohail Toor ◽  
Eliana Lozano Sanchez ◽  
Joscha Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Catalytic Experiment ◽  
Alkali Catalysts ◽  
Alkali Elements

This study focuses on the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp) by hydrothermal liquefaction. Thereby, homogeneous alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, K2CO3, and Na2CO3) and a residual aqueous phase recirculation methodology were mutually employed to enhance the bio-crude yield and energy efficiency of a sub-critical hydrothermal conversion (350 °C, 15–20 Mpa, 15 min). Interestingly, single recirculation of the concentrated aqueous phase positively increased the bio-crude yield in all cases, while the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-crudes slightly dropped. Compared to the non-catalytic experiment, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 effectively increased the bio-crude yield by 14 and 7.3%, respectively. However, KOH and NaOH showed a negative variation in the bio-crude yield. The highest bio-crude yield (37.5 wt.%) and energy recovery (ER) (59.4%) were achieved when K2CO3 and concentrated aqueous phase recirculation were simultaneously applied to the process. The inorganics distribution results obtained by ICP reveal the tendency of the alkali elements to settle into the aqueous phase, which, if recovered, can potentially boost the circularity of the HTL process. Therefore, wise selection of the alkali catalyst along with aqueous phase recirculation assists hydrothermal liquefaction in green biofuel production and environmentally friendly valorization of biopulp.

A review on key design and operational parameters to optimize and develop hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for biorefinery applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1404-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alper Basar ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Helene Carrere ◽  
Eric Trably ◽  
Cigdem Eskicioglu
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Liquefaction Process

This paper summarizes the existing hydrothermal liquefaction process literature and reveals the effect of process parameters on the bio-crude yield.

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