scholarly journals Connecting Risk and Resilience for a Power System Using the Portland Hills Fault Case Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishvas H. Chalishazar ◽  
Ted K. A. Brekken ◽  
Darin Johnson ◽  
Kent Yu ◽  
James Newell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Active seismic faults in the Pacific Northwest area have encouraged electric utilities in the region to deeply contemplate and proactively intervene to support grid resilience. To further this effort this research introduces Monte Carlo (MC)-based power system modeling as a means to inform the Performance Based Earthquake Engineering method and simulates 100,000 sample earthquakes of a 6.8 magnitude (M6.8) Portland Hills Fault (PHF) scenario in the Portland General Electric (PGE) service territory as a proof of concept. This paper also proposes the resilience metric Seismic Load Recovery Factor (SLRF) to quantify the recovery of a downed power system and thus can be used to quantify earthquake economic risk. Using MC results, the SLRF was evaluated to be 19.7 h and the expected economic consequence cost of a M6.8 PHF event was found to be $180 million with an annualized risk of $90,000 given the event’s 1 in 2000 year probability of occurrence. The MC results also identified the eight most consequential substations in the PGE system—i.e., those that contributed to maximum load loss. This paper concludes that retrofitting these substations reduced the expected consequence cost of a M6.8 PHF event to $117 million.

scholarly journals A New Methodology to Assess Indirect Losses in Bridges Subjected to Multiple Hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Forcellini
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Indirect Losses ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Original Configuration

Decision making approaches to manage bridge recovering after the impact of multiple hazards are increasing all over the world. In particular, bridges can be considered critical links in highway networks because of their vulnerability and their resilience can be assessed on the basis of evaluation of direct and indirect losses. This paper aims at proposing a new methodology to assess indirect losses for bridges subjected to multiple hazards. The method applied to calculate direct costs is the credited Performance Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) methodology by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center. Therefore, the main objective of the study consists in the assessment of indirect losses that are generally neglected elsewhere. In particular, the paper proposes to calculate indirect losses from direct costs and to divide them into connectivity losses and prolongation of time. The presented formulation has been applied to a real case study aimed at strengthening a benchmark bridge with several isolated configurations. The results show that the application of the proposed methodology allows to evaluate possible solutions to strengthen the original configuration.

Television for the Peace Arch Country: Transnational Broadcasting History in the Pacific Northwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-529
Author(s):  
Helen Morgan Parmett
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Television Station ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
International Broadcasting ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The U.S

This article contributes to international broadcasting history through a case study of a local, independent television station in the Pacific Northwest. KVOS-TV was one of a few stations on the U.S./Canadian border that sought out a cross-border audience, but it is unique in its efforts to produce programming to bridge these audiences into a unified viewing public that it termed the Peace Arch Country. The station’s international programming constituted its viewing public as translocal citizens in ways that supported the broader global ambitions of the Pacific Northwest region, as well as responded to and promoted the global ambitions of western liberal democracy and capitalism in the fight against Communism. KVOS-TV’s constitution of Peace Arch citizenship shows how television was a tool for creating translocal citizens, educating and governing them from a distance.

scholarly journals Detailed energy efficiency strategies for converting an existing office building to NZEB: a case study in the Pacific Northwest

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alajmi ◽  
Abby Short ◽  
Janna Ferguson ◽  
Kalina Vander Poel ◽  
Corey Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Office Building ◽  
The Pacific

Probabilistic performance-based seismic assessment of an existing masonry building

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Giordano ◽  
Khalid M. Mosalam ◽  
Selim Günay
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Seismic Loss ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Seismic Loss Assessment ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings represent a significant part of the constructed facilities. Unfortunately, in case of seismic actions, their structural behavior is negatively affected by the low capacity of masonry components to withstand lateral forces. For this reason, in the past decades, URM buildings have been responsible for fatalities and large economic losses even in the case of moderate earthquakes. This article presents the seismic loss assessment of an old masonry building damaged during the 2014 South Napa earthquake using the framework of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center’s Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. For this purpose, the performance is expressed in terms of expected monetary loss curves for different hazard scenarios. Structural and non-structural losses are considered in the analysis using a practical, yet accurate, structural idealization of the URM building, which is validated by the observed damage from the 2014 South Napa earthquake.

Estimating Downtime from Data on Residential Buildings after the Northridge and Loma Prieta Earthquakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Comerio ◽  
Howard E. Blecher
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Loma Prieta Earthquake ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Loma Prieta ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

The performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) methodology developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center uses data from recent earthquakes to calibrate its loss models. This paper describes a detailed review of building department permit data from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Although the data is limited to wood-framed residential structures, it provides some insight into the length of time between an event and re-occupancy. Based on a review of approximately 4,900 records, the typical repair of damaged multifamily residential buildings required two years and building replacement required almost four years. When this data is supplemented with additional case studies from other events, the capacity to better calibrate downtime models will improve, particularly if construction-repair times are separated from estimates of the time gap between closure and start-of-repair.

Story loss functions for seismic design and assessment: Development of tools and application

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110235
Author(s):  
Davit Shahnazaryan ◽  
Gerard J O’Reilly ◽  
Ricardo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) has become an important framework for quantifying seismic losses. However, due to its computationally expensive implementation through a typically detailed component-based approach (i.e. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P-58), it has primarily been used within academic research and specific studies. A simplified alternative more desirable for practitioners is based on story loss functions (SLFs), which estimate a building’s expected monetary loss per story due to seismic demand. These simplified SLFs reduce the data required compared to a detailed study, which is especially true at a design stage, where detailed component information is likely yet to be defined. This article proposes a Python-based toolbox for the development of user-specific and customizable SLFs for use within seismic design and assessment of buildings. It outlines the implementation procedure alongside a comparative demonstration of its application where dependency and correlation of damage states between different components are considered. Finally, a comparison of SLF-based and component-based loss estimation approaches is carried out through the application to a real case study school building. The agreement and consistency of the attained loss metrics demonstrate the quality and ease of the SLF-based approach in achieving accurate results for a more expedite assessment of building performance.

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