scholarly journals The Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Wood Treated with Withania somnifera Fruit Extract, and the Phenolic, Caffeine, and Flavonoid Composition of the Extract According to HPLC

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat EL-Hefny ◽  
Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽  
Said I. Behiry ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities

In the present study, Melia azedarach wood blocks treated with different acetone extract concentrations from Withania somnifera fruits are assessed for their antibacterial and anti-fungal activities. Wood blocks of M. azedarach treated with W. somnifera fruit extract at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3% are evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against five genbank accessioned bacterial strains—Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya solani, Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas cichorii, and Serratia pylumthica—and two fungi, namely, Fusarium culmorum and Rhizoctonia solani. Through HPLC analysis we find that the most abundant quantified phenolic and flavonoid compounds of acetone extract (mg/100 g) are salicylic acid (9.49), vanillic acid (4.78), rutin (4702.58), and myricetin (1386.62). Wood treated with the extract at 2% and 3% show no growth of A. tumefaciens, E. amylovora, and P. cichorii. Use of the extract at 3% causes inhibition of fungal mycelia of F. culmorum and R. solani by 84.07% and 67.03%, respectively. In conclusion, potent antifungal and antibacterial activity against plant pathogens is found when an acetone extract of W. somnifera fruits is applied to wood samples.

scholarly journals The Potential of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi for the Biological Protection of Cereals against Fungal Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Dominik Bleša ◽  
Pavel Matušinský ◽  
Romana Sedmíková ◽  
Milan Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Organic Substrates

The use of biological control is becoming a common practice in plant production. One overlooked group of organisms potentially suitable for biological control are Rhizoctonia-like (Rh-like) fungi. Some of them are capable of forming endophytic associations with a large group of higher plants as well as mycorrhizal symbioses. Various benefits of endophytic associations were proved, including amelioration of devastating effects of pathogens such as Fusarium culmorum. The advantage of Rh-like endophytes over strictly biotrophic mycorrhizal organisms is the possibility of their cultivation on organic substrates, which makes their use more suitable for production. We focused on abilities of five Rh-like fungi isolated from orchid mycorrhizas, endophytic fungi Serendipita indica, Microdochium bolleyi and pathogenic Ceratobasidium cereale to inhibit the growth of pathogenic F. culmorum or Pyrenophora teres in vitro. We also analysed their suppressive effect on wheat infection by F. culmorum in a growth chamber, as well as an effect on barley under field conditions. Some of the Rh-like fungi affected the growth of plant pathogens in vitro, then the interaction with plants was tested. Beneficial effect was especially noted in the pot experiments, where wheat plants were negatively influenced by F. culmorum. Inoculation with S. indica caused higher dry shoot biomass in comparison to plants treated with fungicide. Prospective for future work are the effects of these endophytes on plant signalling pathways, factors affecting the level of colonization and surviving of infectious particles.

scholarly journals Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Richardia scabra

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Poonkodi ◽  
Subban Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Simple Sugar

<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of <em>Richardia scabra</em> from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of<em> R. scabra</em> ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species <em>R. scabra</em> found in India.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals In Vitro Bioactivity of Methanolic Extracts from Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Schiede ex Standl., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Cirsium mexicanum DC., Eryngium carlinae F. Delaroche, and Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Used in Traditional Medicine in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peter Knauth ◽  
Gustavo J. Acevedo-Hernández ◽  
M. Eduardo Cano ◽  
Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí ◽  
Zaira López
Keyword(s):  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
First Time

Seven out of eight methanolic extracts from five plants native to Mexico were inactive against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The fruit extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides inhibited the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 4375 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC = 1094 μg/ml), and Salmonella typhimurium (MIC = 137 μg/ml). The fruit extract of C. ambrosioides was with CC50 = 45 μg/ml most cytotoxic against the cell-line Caco-2, followed by the leaf extract from Pithecellobium dulce (CC50 = 126 μg/ml); interestingly, leaves of C. ambrosioides (CC50 = 563 μg/ml) and bark of P. dulce (CC50 = 347 μg/ml) extracts were much less cytotoxic. We describe for the first time the cytotoxic effect from extracts of the aerial parts and the flowers of Cirsium mexicanum (CC50 = 323 μg/ml and CC50 = 250 μg/ml, resp.). Phytochemical analysis demonstrated for both extracts high tannin and saponin and low flavonoid content, while terpenoids were found in the flowers. For the first time we report a cytotoxicological study on an extract of Eryngium carlinae (CC50 = 356 μg/ml) and likewise the bark extract from Amphipterygium adstringens (CC50 = 342 μg/ml). In conclusion the fruit extract of C. ambrosioides is a potential candidate for further biological studies.

Infrared, 1H-NMR Spectral Studies of some Methyl 6-O-Myristoyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside Derivatives: Assessment of Antimicrobial Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarkar M.A. Kawsar ◽  
Khaleda Mymona ◽  
Refat Asma ◽  
Mohammad A. Manchur ◽  
Yasuhiro Koide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Substitution Product ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

This study was carried out to regioselective myristoylation of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (1) using the direct acylation method gave the corresponding methyl 6-O-myristoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (2) in fair yield. A number of 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl derivatives (3-15) of this 6-O-substitution product using a wide variety of acylating agents were also prepared in order to obtain newer derivatives of synthetic and biological importance. The reaction conditions are reasonably simple and yields were very good. The structures of the title compounds (2-15) were established by using analytical, physicochemical techniques and spectroscopic data (IR and 1H-NMR). All the synthesized compounds were employed as test chemicals for in vitro antimicrobial functionality test against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. For comparative studies, antimicrobial activity of standard antibiotics, Ampicillin and Nystatin were also carried out against these microorganisms. The study revealed that the tested samples exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities. It was also observed that the test substances were more effective against fungal phytopathogens than those of the human bacterial strains. Encouragingly, a number of tested chemicals showed nearest antibacterial and antifungal activities with the standard antibiotics employed.

scholarly journals Mahkota Dewa (God’s Crown) Fruit Extract Inhibits the Formation of Periodontal Pathogen Biofilms in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diajeng Celia Radita ◽  
Armelia Sari Widyarman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Introduction: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is an Indonesian fruit that contains antibacterial compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; it has been used as an alternative treatment for controlling infection. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of mahkota dewa fruit extract on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) biofilms in vitro. Methods: God’s crown fruit was extracted using the maceration technique, and then diluted into different concentrations (25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.56%) using phosphate buffered saline (PBS). P. gingivalis ATCC-33277, A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC-29522, or T. denticola ATCC-35405 were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, 24h (anaerobic-condition), and then each type of bacteria (108CFU/mL) was distributed into a 96-well microplate to form a biofilm. Subsequently, the fruit extracts were distributed into the biofilm-containing well plates and incubated for 1h, 6h, and 24h. A biofilm without the fruit extract and chlorhexidine-gluconate (0.2%) was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. Crystal violet (0.5%w/v) was used to determine the density of the remaining biofilm using a microplate spectrophotometer (600 nm). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and p <0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: The mahkota dewa fruit extracts significantly inhibited the formation of a biofilm for all three bacterial strains at all concentrations and for each incubation time (p <0.05) based on optical density (OD)±SD.  The best concentration of fruit extract to inhibit biofilm formation was 25% for P. gingivalis (OD=0.19±0.06), 12.5% for A. actinomycetemcomitans (OD=0.14 ± 0.16), and 25% for T. denticola (OD=1.17±0.19) in comparison to the biofilm mass of the negative control, which was 1.67±0.06, 1.17±0.34, 2.66±0.38 for P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these results, mahkota dewa fruit extract can inhibit the formation of biofilm on P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, and it may potentially be used to prevent the infection associated with periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Commercial Recirculated Aquacultural Systems and Their Microbial Potential in Plant Disease Suppression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammar Khalil ◽  
Preeti Panda ◽  
Farideh Ghadamgahi ◽  
AnnaKarin Rosberg ◽  
Ramesh R Vetukuri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Promising Tool

Aquaponics are food production systems advocated for food security and health. Their sustainability from a nutritional and plant health perspective is, however, a significant challenge. Recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) form a major part of aquaponic systems but knowledge about their potential to benefit plant growth and suppress their pathogens is limited. The current study tested if the diversity and function of microbial communities in two commercial RAS were specific to the fish species used (Tilapia or Clarias) and sampling site (fish tanks and wastewaters), and whether they confer benefits to plants and have in vitro antagonistic potential towards plant pathogens. Microbial diversity and composition was found to be dependent on fish species and sample site. The Tilapia RAS hosted higher bacterial diversity than the Clarias RAS; but the latter hosted higher fungal diversity. Both Tilapia and Clarias RAS hosted bacterial and fungal communities that promoted plant growth, inhibited plant pathogens and encouraged biodegradation. The production of extracellular enzymes, related to nutrient availability and pathogen control, by bacterial strains isolated from the Tilapia and Clarias systems, makes them a promising tool in aquaponics and in their system design.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Evlaution of Novel Pyrazoline Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
BC Revanasiddappa ◽  
MS Jisha ◽  
M Vijay Kumar ◽  
Hemanth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Good Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Alcohol Medium ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
New Compounds

A new series of chalcones (2a-j) were prepared by reacting substituted aldehydes and substituted ketones in alcohol medium in presence of NaOH. The chalcones underwent selective cyclization with guanicol hydrazide (1) in glacial acetic acid medium to yield the title compounds 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines (3a-j). The new compounds were characterized on the basis of 1H-NMR, IR and mass spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of the tested compounds 3a and 3e showed good activity against bacterial strains and compounds 3d and 3h revealed good activity against fungal strains. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 221-226, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals Screening of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of 90 Commercial Essential Oils against 10 Pathogens of Agronomical Importance

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Caroline De Clerck ◽  
Simon Dal Maso ◽  
Olivier Parisi ◽  
Frédéric Dresen ◽  
Abdesselam Zhiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds

Nowadays, the demand for a reduction of chemical pesticides use is growing. In parallel, the development of alternative methods to protect crops from pathogens and pests is also increasing. Essential oil (EO) properties against plant pathogens are well known, and they are recognized as having an interesting potential as alternative plant protection products. In this study, 90 commercially available essential oils have been screened in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial activity against 10 plant pathogens of agronomical importance. EOs have been tested at 500 and 1000 ppm, and measures have been made at three time points for fungi (24, 72 and 120 h of contact) and every two hours for 12 h for bacteria, using Elisa microplates. Among the EOs tested, the ones from Allium sativum, Corydothymus capitatus, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Eugenia caryophyllus, and Litsea citrata were particularly efficient and showed activity on a large panel of pathogens. Among the pathogens tested, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium graminearum were the most sensitive, while Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phytophthora infestans were the less sensitive. Some EOs, such as the ones from A. sativum, C. capitatus, C. cassia, C. zeylanicum, C. citratus, C. flexuosus, E. caryophyllus, and L. citrata, have a generalist effect, and are active on several pathogens (7 to 10). These oils are rich in phenols, phenylpropanoids, organosulfur compounds, and/or aldehydes. Others, such as EOs from Citrus sinensis, Melaleucacajputii, and Vanilla fragrans, seem more specific, and are only active on one to three pathogens. These oils are rich in terpenes and aldehydes.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Native Rhizobacterial Consortia Developed From the Rhizosphere of Rice Grown in Organic State Sikkim, India, and Their Effect on Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingma Thundu Sherpa ◽  
Laxuman Sharma ◽  
Niladri Bag ◽  
Sayak Das
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Large Cardamom

Eight rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from the organic paddy fields of Sikkim, India, and identified as Pseudomonas kribbensis KSB, Burkholderia cenocepacia SRD, Kosakonia oryzendophytica YMA7, Pseudomonas rhodesiae SRB, Bacillus sp. ARA, Paenibacillus polymyxa COW3, Bacillus aryabhattai PSB2, and Bacillus megaterium PSB1. They showed plant growth-promoting attributes in rice and have bio-control potential against phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum). Burkholderia cenocepacia SRD showed production of indole acetic acid and ammonia and solubilization of phosphate and potassium and also possessed nitrogen fixation potential. It showed antagonistic activity against two other plant pathogens of large cardamom, viz., Curvularia eragrostidis and Pestalotiopsis sp., under in vitro conditions. The liquid bacterial consortium was prepared using the bacterial strains SRB, PSB1, and COW3 (Consortia-1); PSB2, SRD, and COW3 (Consortia-2); and COW3, KSB, and YMA7 (Consortia-3) to increase the growth and yield of rice plants under organic farming conditions. Greenhouse and field studies showed that the Consortia-3 had the highest plant growth-promoting activity. Consortia-3 demonstrated better agronomic performance in terms of root length (9.5 cm),number of leaflets per plant (5.3), grains per panicle (110.6), test grain weight (27.4 g), dry root weight per plant (0.73 g), and total dry biomass per plant (8.26 g).

Antifungal, Antibacterial and Phytotoxic Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mehani ◽  
N. Salhi ◽  
F. Dahou ◽  
S. Kasmi ◽  
I. Mehani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The objective of our study is to use the essential oil from the leaves of the plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis, which has been extracted by the hydrodistillation method as pathogenic biobactericides, biofungicides and tested the phytotoxicity potential of essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, on the germination of three species of cereal (common wheat, barley and oats). The efficacy of the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis for different concentrations of 5, 2.5, 1.25 μl on four bacterial strains (namely Staphylococcus vitulinus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus blanc, Enterobacter cloacae) and at concentrations of 60, 120, 240 μl on two fungal strains (Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium colmorum) is estimated by determining the rate of inhibition of the growth of bacteria and fungus tested. Our study (leaves appear) proved that the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis has a low activity against bacterial strains in all different concentrations, in which inhibition diameters do not exceed 5 mm. However, a good antifungal effect was manifested by what it showed a minimal inhibitory concentration (CMI) of 60 μl. Our results indicate that the extracts studied show good antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, the phytotoxicity test shows that the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis at a concentration of 50 μl shows a low toxicity rate on the germination of all the varieties of cereals studied: barley (Hordeum vulgare (Saida 183)), oats (Avena sativa L. subsp. Sativa (sonar)), and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. HD1220 (Sersou)). Therefore, all of these results obtained in vitro only constitute an outline for scientific research of natural substances for biological control.

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