scholarly journals In Vitro Bioactivity of Methanolic Extracts from Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Schiede ex Standl., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Cirsium mexicanum DC., Eryngium carlinae F. Delaroche, and Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Used in Traditional Medicine in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peter Knauth ◽  
Gustavo J. Acevedo-Hernández ◽  
M. Eduardo Cano ◽  
Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí ◽  
Zaira López
Keyword(s):  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
First Time

Seven out of eight methanolic extracts from five plants native to Mexico were inactive against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The fruit extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides inhibited the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 4375 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC = 1094 μg/ml), and Salmonella typhimurium (MIC = 137 μg/ml). The fruit extract of C. ambrosioides was with CC50 = 45 μg/ml most cytotoxic against the cell-line Caco-2, followed by the leaf extract from Pithecellobium dulce (CC50 = 126 μg/ml); interestingly, leaves of C. ambrosioides (CC50 = 563 μg/ml) and bark of P. dulce (CC50 = 347 μg/ml) extracts were much less cytotoxic. We describe for the first time the cytotoxic effect from extracts of the aerial parts and the flowers of Cirsium mexicanum (CC50 = 323 μg/ml and CC50 = 250 μg/ml, resp.). Phytochemical analysis demonstrated for both extracts high tannin and saponin and low flavonoid content, while terpenoids were found in the flowers. For the first time we report a cytotoxicological study on an extract of Eryngium carlinae (CC50 = 356 μg/ml) and likewise the bark extract from Amphipterygium adstringens (CC50 = 342 μg/ml). In conclusion the fruit extract of C. ambrosioides is a potential candidate for further biological studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Silicon on the Bioactivity and Antibacterial Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Biomicroconcretes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3854
Author(s):  
Joanna Czechowska ◽  
Ewelina Cichoń ◽  
Anna Belcarz ◽  
Anna Ślósarczyk ◽  
Aneta Zima
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Biological Studies

Bioactive, chemically bonded bone substitutes with antibacterial properties are highly recommended for medical applications. In this study, biomicroconcretes, composed of silicon modified (Si-αTCP) or non-modified α-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP), as well as hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules non-modified and modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were designed. The developed biomicroconcretes were supposed to combine the dual functions of antibacterial activity and bone defect repair. The chemical and phase composition, microstructure, setting times, mechanical strength, and in vitro bioactive potential of the composites were examined. Furthermore, on the basis of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists test (AATCC 100), adapted for chemically bonded materials, the antibacterial activity of the biomicroconcretes against S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus was evaluated. All biomicroconcretes were surgically handy and revealed good adhesion between the hybrid granules and calcium phosphate-based matrix. Furthermore, they possessed acceptable setting times and mechanical properties. It has been stated that materials containing AuNPs set faster and possess a slightly higher compressive strength (3.4 ± 0.7 MPa). The modification of αTCP with silicon led to a favorable decrease of the final setting time to 10 min. Furthermore, it has been shown that materials modified with AuNPs and silicon possessed an enhanced bioactivity. The antibacterial properties of all of the developed biomicroconcretes against the tested bacterial strains due to the presence of both chitosan and Au were confirmed. The material modified simultaneously with AuNPs and silicon seems to be the most promising candidate for further biological studies.

scholarly journals Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Kamel Arraki ◽  
Perle Totoson ◽  
Alain Decendit ◽  
Andy Zedet ◽  
Justine Maroilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
First Time

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

scholarly journals In vitro Antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant proprities of Rosemary extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2305-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Ali ◽  
Kais Mnafgui ◽  
Abdelfattah Feki ◽  
Mohamed Damak ◽  
Noureddine Allouche
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
First Time

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Hence, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of rosemary extracts on key-enzymes related to diabetes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties in vitro. The IC50 values of Rosemary essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts against α-amylase were 28.36, 34.11 and 30.39 µg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 32.25, 36.64 and 34.07 µg/mL, suggesting strong anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Rosemary. The methanolic extract was found to be the highest in levels of phenolic (282.98 µgGAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (161.05 µg QE /mg extract) contents as well as in the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 15.82 µg/mL) as compared to other extracts ethyl acetate (IC50 = 32.23 µg/mL) and essential oil  (IC50 = 96.12 µg/mL).Antioxidant efficacy of Rosemary extracts has been estimated in the stabilization of sunflower oil (SFO) at three different concentrations, i.e. 200 (SFO-200), 500 (SFO-500) and 1000 ppm (SFO-1000). Results showed the highest efficiency of SFO-1000.The results obtained in this study demonstrated for the first time that Rosemary is a potent source of natural inhibitors of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase with powerful antioxidants proprieties that might be used in the food stabilization and the prevention of diabetes and obesity complications as a complementary pharmacological drug.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies of Shilajit (Asphaltum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Shahid Aziz ◽  
Sidra Khaliq ◽  
Habib Ur-Rehman ◽  
Kh. Shakeel Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p>Shilajit (asphaltum)  is produced  by the long term humification  of dead plant material  and organic vegetable matter  by different micro-organisms and has great potential for the treatment of a variety of human conditions.  This treatise reviews its origin, sources, chemical composition, biological  and  commercial importance. Phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods to evaluate  different Shilajit (asphaltum) classes of compounds in different samples of shilajit  which are responsible for their  biological activity.  Shilajit`s anti-microbial activity has been evaluated  against four different bacterial strains viz., <em>Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeuroginosa</em>, <em>Klebisella pneumonia</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus. </em>Phytochemical analysis illustrated  that shilajit contains  terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars. Surprisingly,  some classes of compounds are absent in shilajit  viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. . Shilajit showed no response towards halophytic bacteria and  negligible activity was shown towards other strains of bacteria. Since   anti-microbial activity is based on environmental factors  its activity varied  between locations.</p>

scholarly journals The Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Wood Treated with Withania somnifera Fruit Extract, and the Phenolic, Caffeine, and Flavonoid Composition of the Extract According to HPLC

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat EL-Hefny ◽  
Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽  
Said I. Behiry ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities

In the present study, Melia azedarach wood blocks treated with different acetone extract concentrations from Withania somnifera fruits are assessed for their antibacterial and anti-fungal activities. Wood blocks of M. azedarach treated with W. somnifera fruit extract at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3% are evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against five genbank accessioned bacterial strains—Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya solani, Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas cichorii, and Serratia pylumthica—and two fungi, namely, Fusarium culmorum and Rhizoctonia solani. Through HPLC analysis we find that the most abundant quantified phenolic and flavonoid compounds of acetone extract (mg/100 g) are salicylic acid (9.49), vanillic acid (4.78), rutin (4702.58), and myricetin (1386.62). Wood treated with the extract at 2% and 3% show no growth of A. tumefaciens, E. amylovora, and P. cichorii. Use of the extract at 3% causes inhibition of fungal mycelia of F. culmorum and R. solani by 84.07% and 67.03%, respectively. In conclusion, potent antifungal and antibacterial activity against plant pathogens is found when an acetone extract of W. somnifera fruits is applied to wood samples.

Chemical characterization and in vitro biological activity of Cymbopogon citratus extracts against Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. nematodes from sheep

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (13) ◽  
pp. 1559-1568
Author(s):  
Letícia Oliveira da Rocha ◽  
Gloria Cristina da Silva Lemos ◽  
Ivo José Curcino Vieira ◽  
Raimundo Braz-Filho ◽  
Silvério de Paiva Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

AbstractMedicinal plants have been the focus of several studies due to their nematicide properties which can be used to control nematodes in sheep. No study has examined the morphological effects of Cymbopogon citratus on nematodes. Thus, this study evaluated the chemical composition, nematicidal activity and effects of C. citratus extracts on the morphology of eggs and infective larvae (L3) of sheep. Aqueous and methanolic extracts and fractions of C. citratus were obtained and analysed in vitro. The C. citratus extracts were effective against Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. larvae and eggs. Ten fractions were obtained from C. citratus, six of which had high ovicidal activity at 1000 μg mL−1, and two fractions had high activity at all tested concentrations. The phytochemical analysis identified the presence of compounds such as terpenoids, various ketones, esters, and fatty acids. The ultrastructural analysis showed deformations of the cuticle and wilting along the body of the nematodes at all concentrations. The muscular layer, intestinal cells and the mitochondria profile showed damage compared to the typical pattern. Ultra-thin sections of eggs treated with methanolic fractions of C. citratus presented modifications. This study showed the biological activity and effects of C. citratus on the gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF CRINUM X AMABILE GROWN IN ECUADOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Vinueza Diego ◽  
Portero Santiago ◽  
Pilco Gisela ◽  
GarcÍa Marlene ◽  
Acosta Karen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract and total alkaloid extract obtained from leaves and bulbs of Crinum x amabile (CA) growing in Ecuador.Methods: Methanolic extracts of dry powered leaves and bulbs of CA obtained by cold maceration method were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Total alkaloid extracts of leaves and bulbs of CA were obtained by conventional extraction of alkaloids base with an organic solvent. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the four extracts were investigated by in vitro isolated neutrophils model using stable tetrazolium salt (WST-1).Results: Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts revealed the major classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, and steroids, but no proteins or saponins could be detected on leaves extract. Extracts obtained from bulbs both methanolic and total alkaloids of CA show an interesting anti-inflammatory activity, although it was not significant compared to the standard anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin. Cytotoxicity of bulb alkaloid extract was lower compared with all of the other extracts.Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that CA is a very interesting source of natural anti-inflammatory compounds (especially alkaloids) which could be used to prevent many chronic disorders. Further, phytochemical studies are necessary to identify the chemical compounds responsible for the significant anti-inflammatory activity showed. 

scholarly journals In-Vitro Virucidal and Virustatic anti HIV-1 Effects of Extracts from Persea Americana Mill, (Avocado) Leaves

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Wigg ◽  
A.A. Al-Jabri ◽  
S.S. Costa ◽  
E. Race ◽  
B. Bodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Virucidal Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Aqueous (PA1) and methanolic extracts (PA2a–d; PA3) from the tropical tree Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae), were evaluated for their cellular toxicity and anti-HIV-1 activity both in virustatic and virucidal assays. With the exception of PA3 and PA2d, all extracts showed anti-HIV-1 activity at concentrations which were not toxic for the H9 indicator cells. From the methanol insoluble extract (PA2) four different fractions (PA2a–d) were obtained using reverse-phase column chromatography, and two of the fractions (b and c) showed detectable virucidal effect. One fraction (PA2a) showed virustatic effects inhibiting HIV syncytium formation and viral p24 antigen formation at concentrations which were not toxic for the indicator cells. The results demonstrate for the first time that extracts from P. americana leaves have moderate anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF ETHNOMEDICINAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SALVADORA PERSICA L. (SALVADORACEAE)

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
PRABHAKARAN K ◽  
JOHN BRITTO S ◽  
PREETHI J
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate

Objective: Salvadora persica L. is a dense foliaceous evergreen shrub or small tree with diversified medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to do a comparative study on phytochemical composition between different plant parts of S. persica collected from the southern region of India. Methods: The phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extracts from leaves, tender stems and tree bark of S. persica was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Also, the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of extracts was analyzed in vitro by Disc-diffusion method. Results: GC-MS/MS analysis of S. persica showed 29 phytocompounds. Among them, except for eugenol, caryophyllene, benzyl isothiocyanate, oleic acid, and fatty acid, the remaining 24 phytocompounds were newly reported in the present study. For the first time, a maximum amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (73.5%) was identified from tree bark extract of S. persica and this extract showed higher in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi than leaves and tender stems. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that benzyl isothiocyanate could be the major antimicrobial component in S. persica.

scholarly journals Mahkota Dewa (God’s Crown) Fruit Extract Inhibits the Formation of Periodontal Pathogen Biofilms in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diajeng Celia Radita ◽  
Armelia Sari Widyarman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Introduction: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is an Indonesian fruit that contains antibacterial compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; it has been used as an alternative treatment for controlling infection. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of mahkota dewa fruit extract on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) biofilms in vitro. Methods: God’s crown fruit was extracted using the maceration technique, and then diluted into different concentrations (25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.56%) using phosphate buffered saline (PBS). P. gingivalis ATCC-33277, A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC-29522, or T. denticola ATCC-35405 were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, 24h (anaerobic-condition), and then each type of bacteria (108CFU/mL) was distributed into a 96-well microplate to form a biofilm. Subsequently, the fruit extracts were distributed into the biofilm-containing well plates and incubated for 1h, 6h, and 24h. A biofilm without the fruit extract and chlorhexidine-gluconate (0.2%) was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. Crystal violet (0.5%w/v) was used to determine the density of the remaining biofilm using a microplate spectrophotometer (600 nm). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and p <0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: The mahkota dewa fruit extracts significantly inhibited the formation of a biofilm for all three bacterial strains at all concentrations and for each incubation time (p <0.05) based on optical density (OD)±SD.  The best concentration of fruit extract to inhibit biofilm formation was 25% for P. gingivalis (OD=0.19±0.06), 12.5% for A. actinomycetemcomitans (OD=0.14 ± 0.16), and 25% for T. denticola (OD=1.17±0.19) in comparison to the biofilm mass of the negative control, which was 1.67±0.06, 1.17±0.34, 2.66±0.38 for P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these results, mahkota dewa fruit extract can inhibit the formation of biofilm on P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, and it may potentially be used to prevent the infection associated with periodontal disease.

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