scholarly journals Synthesis of the Hydrophobic Cationic Polyacrylamide (PADD) Initiated by Ultrasonic and its Flocculation and Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Qi ◽  
Liu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Li ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
Mine Wastewater ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, a new type of hydrophobic cationic polyacrylamide P (AM-DMC-DABC) (PADD) was synthesized by ultrasonic (US)-initiated polymerization, which is used for the separation and removal of coal mine wastewater. The acrylamide (AM), methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DABC) were used as monomers to prepare). The factors that affecting the US initiated polymerization of PADD were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure, thermal decomposition performance and surface morphology of the polymers. FT-IR and 1H NMR results showed that PADD was successfully synthesized. In addition, irregular porous surface morphology of PADD were observed by SEM analysis. Under the optimum conditions (pH = 7.0, flocculant dosage = 16.0 mg/L), the excellent flocculation performance (turbidity removal rate (TR) = 98.8%), floc size d50 = 513.467 μm, fractal dimension (Df) = 1.61, flocculation kinetics (KN0) = 27.24 × 10−3·s−1) was obtained by using high-efficiency flocculant PADD. Zeta potential analysis was used to further explore the possible flocculation mechanism of removal. The zeta potential and flocculation analytical results displayed that the flocculation removal process of coal mine wastewater mainly included hydrophobic effect, adsorption, bridging and charge neutralization, and electric patching when PADD was used. The PADD showed more excellent coal mine wastewater flocculation performance than PAD, commercial cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) CCPAM and PAM. Thus PADD, with its good flocculation effect on coal mine wastewater under relatively wide pH range, had bright practical application value.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Cationic Polyacrylamide under UV Initiation and Its Flocculation in Estrone Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoxia Sun ◽  
Xiqin Ma ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jianxin Fan ◽  
Qingkong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dsc Analyses

A ternary cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with the hydrophobic characteristic was prepared through ultraviolet- (UV-) initiated polymerization technique for the estrone (E1) environmental estrogen separation and removal. The monomers of acrylamide (AM), acryloyloxyethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC), and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (AODBAC) were used to synthesize the ternary copolymer (PADA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the structure, thermal decomposition property, and morphology of the polymers, respectively. FT-IR and 1H NMR results indicated the successful formation of the polymers. Besides, with the introduction of hydrophobic groups (phenyl group), an irregular and porous surface morphology and a favorable thermal stability of the PADA were observed by SEM and TG/DSC analyses, respectively. At the optimal condition (pH = 7, flocculant dosage = 4.0 mg/L and E1 concentration = 0.75 mg/L), an excellent E1 flocculation performance (E1 removal rate: 90.1%, floc size: 18.3 μm, and flocculation kinetics: 22.69×10-4 s−1) was acquired by using the efficient flocculant PADA-3 (cationic degree = 40%, and intrinsic viscosity = 6.30 dL·g−1). The zeta potential and floc size analyses were used to analyze the possible flocculation mechanism for the E1 removal. Results indicated that the charge neutralization, adsorption, and birding effects were dominant in the E1 removal progress.

scholarly journals Biosafety and Removal Potential of Pollutants in Wastewater by the Microbial Flocculant from Marine Bacterium Obtained from Umlalazi Catchment, RSA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzingcebo Goldern Ntombela ◽  
AK Basson ◽  
E Madoroba ◽  
VSR Pullabhotla
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Mine Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Microbial Flocculant

Abstract Bioflocculants have been reported to be successfully used in the removal of pollutants and dye decolourization from wastewater as they (pollutants) have negative impact on both humans and aquatic life if not properly treated. Thus, the potential removal rate of a microbial flocculant produced by the marine bacterial strain of Bacillus safensis KX94275.1 from uMlalazi estuary, Mthunzini area, KZN for pollutants from wastewater samples and dyes from different dye solution was investigated. B. safensis produced a non-toxic microbial flocculant showed margin of safety in both breast cancer cells and normal cells with 87% and 96% cell survival after treatment with maximum dosage of bioflocculant solution of 100 µg/µL, respectively. Functional groups such as amino, carboxylic and hydroxyl group were revealed with FT-IR spectrum to be possessed by the microbial flocculant produced. Above 65% of microbial flocculant was attained when the flocculant was subjection to 700 oC using the thermogravimetric analyser. A produced bioflocculant was aqua-solvable and have no inhibitory effect in bacteria tested. This heat-stable and cation-dependent (Ba2+) bioflocculant removed more than 85% dye from different dye solutions, such as basic fuchsine (93%), congo red (87%), crystal violet (90%) and methylene blue (93%), using 0.4 mg/mL optimum dosage concentration at neutral pH. This wide pH (3-12) tolerant bioflocculant showed improvement on both domestic and coal mine wastewaters for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand with 66% and 99%, chemical oxygen demand with 48% and 93%, phosphate with 61% and 59%, total nitrogen with 69% and 68% and sulphide with 71% and 83% removal rate, respectively, and flocculation rate of 91% (domestic) and 95% (coal mine) wastewater. Thus, the application of the bioflocculant on wastewater treatment indicated the tremendous prospective in replacing risky traditional flocculating agents frequently utilized for purification of wastewater.

1H NMR Relaxometry and ATR-FT-IR Spectrosopy Used for the Assesment of Wastewater Treatment in Slaughterhouse

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
R. Crainic ◽  
◽  
L. R. Drăgan ◽  
R. Fechete ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Nmr Relaxometry ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
1H Nmr Relaxometry

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bentonit Alam Menjadi Nanopartikel Monmorillonit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimahwati Zaimahwati ◽  
Yuniati Yuniati ◽  
Ramzi Jalal ◽  
Syahman Zhafiri ◽  
Yuli Yetri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

<p>Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bentonit alam menjadi nanopartikel montmorillonit. Bentonit alam yang digunakan diambil dari desa Blangdalam, Kecamatan Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara.  Proses isolasi meliputi proses pelarutan dengan aquades, ultrasonic dan proses sedimentasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi montmorillonit dilakukan uji FT-IR, X-RD dan uji morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Partikel size analyzer untuk menganalisis dan menentukan ukuran nanopartikel dari isolasi bentonit alam. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ukuran nanopartikel montmorillonit hasil isolasi dari bentonit alam diperoleh berdiameter rata-rata 82,15 nm.</p><p><em>In this research we have isolated and characterized natural bentonite into montmorillonite nanoparticles. Natural bentonite used was taken from Blangdalam village, Nisam sub-district, North Aceh district. The isolation process includes dissolving process with aquades, ultrasonic and sedimentation processes.  The characterization of montmorillonite, FT-IR, X-RD and surface morphology test by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the size of nanoparticles from natural bentonite insulation. From the research results obtained the size of montmorillonite nanoparticles isolated from natural bentonite obtained an average diameter of 82.15 nm.</em></p>

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sodalite-Type N-A-S-H from Fly Ash to Remove Ammonium and Phosphorus from Water

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Lv ◽  
Ruihong Meng ◽  
Zhongyang Mao ◽  
Min Deng
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, the hydrated sodium aluminosilicate material was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal alkaline desilication using fly ash (FA) as raw material. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, XRF, FT-IR and SEM. The characterization results showed that the alkali-soluble desilication successfully had synthesized the sodium aluminosilicate crystalline (N-A-S-H) phase of sodalite-type (SOD), and the modified material had good ionic affinity and adsorption capacity. In order to figure out the suitability of SOD as an adsorbent for the removal of ammonium and phosphorus from wastewater, the effects of material dosing, contact time, ambient pH and initial solute concentration on the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphorus are investigated by intermittent adsorption tests. Under the optimal adsorption conditions, the removal rate of ammonium was 73.3%, the removal rate of phosphate was 85.8% and the unit adsorption capacity reached 9.15 mg/L and 2.14 mg/L, respectively. Adsorption kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of ammonium and phosphorus by SOD was consistent with a quasi-secondary kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the equilibrium data were in good agreement with the Langmuir and Freundlich model. According to thermodynamic calculations, the adsorption of ammonium and phosphorus was found to be a heat-absorbing and spontaneous process. Therefore, the preparation of SOD by modified FA has good adsorption properties as adsorbent and has excellent potential for application in the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

scholarly journals Fabrication of copper(II)-coated magnetic core-shell nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2-2-aminobenzohydrazide and investigation of its catalytic application in the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rajabi-Moghaddam ◽  
M. R. Naimi-Jamal ◽  
M. Tajbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Click Reaction ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Isatoic Anhydride ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Catalytic Application ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Core Shell Nanoparticles

AbstractIn the present work, an attempt has been made to synthesize the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives resulting from the click reaction, in a mild and green environment using the new copper(II)-coated magnetic core–shell nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2 modified by isatoic anhydride. The structure of the catalyst has been determined by XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, VSM, EDS, and FT-IR analyzes. The high efficiency and the ability to be recovered and reused for at least up to 6 consecutive runs are some superior properties of the catalyst.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of High-Efficiency Magnetic Heavy Metal Capture Flocculants

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yu ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Aowen Chen ◽  
Kinjal J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
Total Monomer Concentration

In this study, a high-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA was prepared based on carboxymethyl chitosan and magnetic Fe3O4. It was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD and VSM, and the Cu(II) removal rate was used as the evaluation basis for the preparation process. The effects of AMPS content, total monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration and reaction time on the performance of MF@AA flocculation to remove Cu(II) were studied. The characterization results show that MF@AA has been successfully prepared and exhibits good magnetic induction characteristics. The synthesis results show that under the conditions of 10% AMPS content, 35% total monomer concentration, 0.04% photoinitiator concentration, and 1.5 h reaction time, the best yield of MF@AA is 77.69%. The best removal rate is 87.65%. In addition, the response surface optimization of the synthesis process of MF@AA was performed. The optimal synthesis ratio was finally determined as iron content 6.5%, CMFS: 29.5%, AM: 53.9%, AMPS: 10.1%. High-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA shows excellent flocculation performance in removing Cu(II). This research provides guidance and ideas for the development of efficient and low-cost flocculation technology to remove Cu(II) in wastewater.

In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of Coated HAp Films with Different Surface Morphology

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 710-715
Author(s):  
Kotaro Kuroda ◽  
Ryoichi Ichino ◽  
Masazumi Okido
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mouse Osteoblast ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings were formed on cp titanium plates and rods by the thermal substrate method in an aqueous solution that included 0.3 mM Ca(H2PO4)2 and 0.7 mM CaCl2. The coating experiments were conducted at 40-140 oC and pH = 8 for 15 or 30 min. The properties for the coated samples were studied using XRD, EDX, FT-IR, and SEM. All the specimens were covered with HAp, which had different surface morphologies such as net-like, plate-like and needle-like. After cleaning and sterilization, all the coated specimens were subjected to in vivo and vitro testing. In the in vitro testing, the mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured on the coated and non-coated specimens for up to 30 days. Moreover, the specimens (φ2 x 5 mm) were implanted in rats femoral for up to 8 weeks, the osseoinductivity on them were evaluated. In in vitro evaluations, there were not significant differences between the different surface morphologies. In in vivo evaluations, however, two weeks postimplantation, new bone formed on both the HAp coated and non-coated titanium rods in the cancellous and cortical bone. The bone-implant contact ratio, which was used for the evaluation of new bone formation, was significantly dependent on the surface morphology of the HAp, and the results demonstrated that the needle-like coating appears to promote rapid bone formation.

Preparation of xanthated bentonite and its removal behavior for Pb(II) ions

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. He ◽  
F. R. Li ◽  
R. M. Wang ◽  
F. Y. Li ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Xanthate was successfully grafted onto bentonite by a relatively simple solution reaction. The obtained xanthated bentonite (XBent) was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), particle size analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XBent acting as a type of environmentally friendly adsorbent was applied to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. The optimum conditions were as follows: [Pb2 + ] = 500 mg L−1, [XBent] = 2 g L−1, pH = 5.0; oscillating 60 min under 200 rpm at 25°C. The removal rate of lead was up to 99.9%. It was found that the lead(II) ions—XBent adsorption isotherm model fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption mechanism was also investigated by SEM and XRD, which concluded that lead ions were complexed or chelated with XBent. XBent appears to have potential to be used later in water treatment as a type of inorganic polymer reagent.

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