scholarly journals Synthesis of a Cationic Polyacrylamide under UV Initiation and Its Flocculation in Estrone Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoxia Sun ◽  
Xiqin Ma ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jianxin Fan ◽  
Qingkong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dsc Analyses

A ternary cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with the hydrophobic characteristic was prepared through ultraviolet- (UV-) initiated polymerization technique for the estrone (E1) environmental estrogen separation and removal. The monomers of acrylamide (AM), acryloyloxyethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC), and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (AODBAC) were used to synthesize the ternary copolymer (PADA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the structure, thermal decomposition property, and morphology of the polymers, respectively. FT-IR and 1H NMR results indicated the successful formation of the polymers. Besides, with the introduction of hydrophobic groups (phenyl group), an irregular and porous surface morphology and a favorable thermal stability of the PADA were observed by SEM and TG/DSC analyses, respectively. At the optimal condition (pH = 7, flocculant dosage = 4.0 mg/L and E1 concentration = 0.75 mg/L), an excellent E1 flocculation performance (E1 removal rate: 90.1%, floc size: 18.3 μm, and flocculation kinetics: 22.69×10-4 s−1) was acquired by using the efficient flocculant PADA-3 (cationic degree = 40%, and intrinsic viscosity = 6.30 dL·g−1). The zeta potential and floc size analyses were used to analyze the possible flocculation mechanism for the E1 removal. Results indicated that the charge neutralization, adsorption, and birding effects were dominant in the E1 removal progress.

scholarly journals Green anionic polymerization of vinyl acetate using Maghnite-Na+ (Algerian MMT): synthesis characterization and reactional mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badia Imene Cherifi ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir ◽  
Abdelkader Rahmouni
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Simple Filtration ◽  
Renewable Material ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractIn this work, the green polymerization of vinyl acetate is carried out by a new method which consists in the use of clay called Maghnite-Na+ as an ecological catalyst, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable by simple filtration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that Maghnite-Na+ is successfully obtained after cationic treatment (sodium) on raw Maghnite. It is an effective alternative to replace toxic catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) which are mostly used during the synthesis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) making the polymerization reaction less problematic for the environment. The synthesis reaction is less energetic by the use of recycled polyurethane as container for the reaction mixture and which is considered as a renewable material and a good thermal insulator which maintains the temperature at 0 °C for 6 h. The reaction in bulk is also preferred to avoid the use of a solvent and therefore to stay in the context of green chemistry. In these conditions, the structure of obtained polymer is established by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is also used to confirm the structure of PVAc. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that it is thermally stable and it starts to degrade from 330 °C while Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that this polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg  = 50 °C). The composition in PVAc/Maghnite-Na+ (7 wt% of catalyst) is the most tensile resistant with a force of 182 N and a maximum stress of 73.16 MPa, the most flexible (E  = 955 MPa) and the most ductile (εr  = 768%).

Sulfur-containing polyurethanes as novel macro photoinitiators comprising in-chain benzophenone and coinitiator amine for photopolymerization

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wei ◽  
Rong Lu ◽  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Isophorone Diisocyanate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dsc Analyses ◽  
Sulfur Containing

AbstractThree novel sulfur-containing polyurethanes (PUs) as macrophotoinitiators, hydroxyl-terminated PUa and PUb, and amino-terminated PUc, were synthesized through polycondensation of a novel diamine 4,4’-bis[(4- amino)thiophenyl]benzophenone (BATPBP), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The beznophenone and coinitiator amine structures were successfully introduced into the backbones of PUs. FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC and DSC analyses confirmed their structures and properties. UV-vis spectra indicate that the macromolecular structure nearly has no influence on their UV-vis absorptions. A trifunctional monomer of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), initiated by these macrophotoinitiators with a low-molecular-weight photoinitiator system (benzophenone/MDEA) as the reference, was studied through photo differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC). The results show PUa is the most efficient photoinitiator and the molar content of coinitiator amine in PUs has an important effect on their photoefficiency.

scholarly journals Synthesis of the Hydrophobic Cationic Polyacrylamide (PADD) Initiated by Ultrasonic and its Flocculation and Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Qi ◽  
Liu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Li ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
Mine Wastewater ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, a new type of hydrophobic cationic polyacrylamide P (AM-DMC-DABC) (PADD) was synthesized by ultrasonic (US)-initiated polymerization, which is used for the separation and removal of coal mine wastewater. The acrylamide (AM), methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DABC) were used as monomers to prepare). The factors that affecting the US initiated polymerization of PADD were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure, thermal decomposition performance and surface morphology of the polymers. FT-IR and 1H NMR results showed that PADD was successfully synthesized. In addition, irregular porous surface morphology of PADD were observed by SEM analysis. Under the optimum conditions (pH = 7.0, flocculant dosage = 16.0 mg/L), the excellent flocculation performance (turbidity removal rate (TR) = 98.8%), floc size d50 = 513.467 μm, fractal dimension (Df) = 1.61, flocculation kinetics (KN0) = 27.24 × 10−3·s−1) was obtained by using high-efficiency flocculant PADD. Zeta potential analysis was used to further explore the possible flocculation mechanism of removal. The zeta potential and flocculation analytical results displayed that the flocculation removal process of coal mine wastewater mainly included hydrophobic effect, adsorption, bridging and charge neutralization, and electric patching when PADD was used. The PADD showed more excellent coal mine wastewater flocculation performance than PAD, commercial cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) CCPAM and PAM. Thus PADD, with its good flocculation effect on coal mine wastewater under relatively wide pH range, had bright practical application value.

Liquid crystalline polyureas with oligo(ethylene glycol) sequences

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei ◽  
Leila Akbarian-Feizi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractA diamine monomer containing ester, amide and ether functional groups was prepared and its polymerization reaction with different diisocyanates to give main chain poly(ester amide ether urea)s was investigated. The monomer was synthesized via reaction of terephthaloyl chloride with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and subsequent reaction of the resulted diacid with 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic method and elemental analysis. The resulting polymers exhibited excellent solubility in polar solvents. Crystallinity of the resulted polymers was evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) method, and they exhibited semi-crystalline patterns. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were in the range of 88-112 °C. The temperatures for 10% weight loss (T10) from their thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves were found to be in the range of 297-312 °C in air. Also the prepared polyureas showed liquid crystalline character.

1H-NMR Analysis of Degree of Substitution in N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosans from Various Chitosan Sources and Types

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jaidee ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
S. Luangkamin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chitosan Oligomer ◽  
Ft Ir

N,O-Carboxymethyl chitosans were synthesized by the reaction between shrimp, crab and squid chitosans with monochloroacetic acid under basic conditions at 50°C. The mole ratio of reactants was obtained from various reaction conditions of shrimp chitosan polymer and oligomer types. The mole ratio 1:12:6 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid was used for preparing carboxymethyl of chitosan polymer types while carboxymethyl of chitosan oligomer types were used the mole ratio 1:6:3 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid. The chemical structure was analyzed by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnatic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The FT-IR was used for confirm the insertion of carboxymethyl group on chitosan molecules. The 1H-NMR was used for determining the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethylation at hydroxyl and amino sites of chitosans. Carboxymethyl chitosan samples had the total DS of carboxymethylation ranging from 1.0-2.2. The highest of DS of carboxymethylation was from shrimp chitosan oligomer type.

Synthesis of Macromolecular Coupling Agent and its Effects on Polystyrene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Hong Wen Zhang ◽  
Shi Long Zhou ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Qiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Impact

Different molecular weight of block coupling agents with well-defined structures have been synthesized successfully by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from styrene (St), butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 3-methoxyacryloyl-propyltrimethoxyl silicon (KH-570) are as monomer. The structures and compositions of macromolecular coupling agents have been characterized by means of infrared spectrum (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrum (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). And their effects on the polystyrene/silica (PS/SiO2) composite materials have been studied. The results show that interface compatibility and mechanical properties of composite materials containing macromolecule coupling agents are improved significantly. The composite materials with block macromolecular coupling agents possess more excellent comprehensive performance. Furthermore, the impact strength increased by 110% when comparing with composite materials which are not modified by the coupling agents.

Cationic copolymerization of 1,3-pentadiene with α-pinene

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Yuan Li ◽  
Xiang-Dong Sun ◽  
Hui-Bo Zhang ◽  
Yong-Chun Zhang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Gardner Color ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Cationic Copolymerization ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than ◽  
C Nmr

Abstract The cationic copolymerization of 1,3-pentadiene (PD) with α-pinene (AP) initiated by aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) was carried out in N-pentane solvent. The effects of the polymerization temperature and the comonomer composition on the yield of the copolymer, softening point, Gardner color scale and number-average molecular weight (Mn) are discussed. The performance of the copolymer was better than that of AP homopolymer (PAP) and PD homopolymer (PPD). The structure of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), 13C-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). In addition, the reactivity ratios for AP (M1) and PD (M2) determined by the Kelen-Tudos method from low-conversion data are r1=0.58 and r2=5.92, respectively.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYURETHANES WITH BIPHENYL MOIETY

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 4487-4492 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONG BACK LEE ◽  
SANG PILL LEE ◽  
JIN KYUNG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Infrared Study ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Phase Transition Temperatures ◽  
No Weight Loss ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Tolylene Diisocyanate

A new series of thermotropic polyurethanes containing biphenyl units was synthesized by polyaddition reaction of diisocyanates such as 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,5-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, with 4,4□-bis(9-hydroxynonoxy)biphenyl (BP9). Structures of the monomer and the corresponding polymers were identified using FT-IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopic methods. BP9 exhibited a smectic type mesophase, however, nematic phase was found for all synthesized liquid crystalline polyurethanes except for 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate/BP9 based polyurethane. Their phase transition temperatures and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarizing microscopy, and X-ray scattering. The infrared study indicated that the hydrogen bonding among urethane linkages attributed to the mesomorphism. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of synthesized polyurethanes showed that no weight loss of the polymers observed up to 280°C.

Halogenated sunflower oil as a precursor for synthesis of polysulfide polymer

e-Polymers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Moqadam ◽  
Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Polysulfide Polymer

AbstractPolysulfide polymers usually are prepared by the reaction of different dihalide compounds with disodium polysulfides. In this field, dihalides are expensive and produced from halogenation of organic compounds by different methods with harsh conditions. To overcome this problem, in this work, sunflower oil as polyunsaturated oil was used as precursor to produce polyhalide compound. In this field, double bonds of oil were applied as functional groups to halogenate the sunflower via benzoyl peroxide-catalyzed reaction with hydrochloric acid. Also, Na2S3 was synthesized via the reaction between sulfur and sodium hydroxide. Then, halogenated oil was reacted with Na2S3 to produce sunflower oil-based polysulfide polymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) were used to characterize the structure of sunflower oil and synthesized polysulfide polymer. The content of halogenation was also obtained via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Thermal stability of synthesized polymer was determined by means of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and glass transition temperature was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

scholarly journals Development of Pelubiprofen Tromethamine with Improved Gastrointestinal Safety and Absorption

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Park ◽  
Dong Ho Oh ◽  
Sang-Wook Park ◽  
Bo Ram Chae ◽  
Chul Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Safety ◽  
Ft Ir

Pelubiprofen (PEL), which is a commercialized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events following long-term exposure and has poor water-soluble properties. Here, a new pelubiprofen tromethamine (PEL-T) with improved solubility, permeability, GI safety, and absorption, compared to PEL, has been developed. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results confirmed that the PEL-T was well formed. The powder of PEL-T showed the presence of additional 6H protons at δ 3.66–3.61 in the 1H NMR spectrum, and shifted the sharp endothermic peaks at 129 °C in DSC, and the spectrum of distinct absorption peaks in FT-IR. In addition, compared with PEL, PEL-T showed a significantly improved solubility in various media and an increased permeability coefficient (Kp) in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, compared to PEL oral administration, PEL-T was found to significantly reduce the damaged area in an acute gastric damage rat model. The pharmacokinetic study of the PEL-T powder showed higher maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 h to the last time point (AUCt) than those of the PEL powder. Taken together, our data suggest that PEL-T is a recommendable candidate with enhanced gastrointestinal safety and better absorption compared with commercial PEL.

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