scholarly journals Impact of Fractionation Process on the Technical and Economic Viability of Corn Dry Grind Ethanol Process

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurambhatti ◽  
Kumar ◽  
Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Dry Fractionation ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Dry Grind ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Ethanol Yields

Use of corn fractionation techniques in dry grind process increases the number of coproducts, enhances their quality and value, generates feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production and potentially increases profitability of the dry grind process. The aim of this study is to develop process simulation models for eight different wet and dry corn fractionation techniques recovering germ, pericarp fiber and/or endosperm fiber, and evaluate their techno-economic feasibility at the commercial scale. Ethanol yields for plants processing 1113.11 MT corn/day were 37.2 to 40 million gal for wet fractionation and 37.3 to 31.3 million gal for dry fractionation, compared to 40.2 million gal for conventional dry grind process. Capital costs were higher for wet fractionation processes ($92.85 to $97.38 million) in comparison to conventional ($83.95 million) and dry fractionation ($83.35 to $84.91 million) processes. Due to high value of coproducts, ethanol production costs in most fractionation processes ($1.29 to $1.35/gal) were lower than conventional ($1.36/gal) process. Internal rate of return for most of the wet (6.88 to 8.58%) and dry fractionation (6.45 to 7.04%) processes was higher than the conventional (6.39%) process. Wet fractionation process designed for germ and pericarp fiber recovery was most profitable among the processes.

scholarly journals Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Production: A Feasible Economic Option for the Treatment of Sewage Sludge in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants?

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafne Crutchik ◽  
Oscar Franchi ◽  
Luis Caminos ◽  
David Jeison ◽  
Marisol Belmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Sludge is a by-product of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and its management contributes significantly to the operating costs. Large WWTPs usually have anaerobic sludge digesters to valorize sludge as methane and to reduce its mass. However, the low methane market price opens the possibility for generating other high value-added products from the organic matter in sludge, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this work, the economic feasibility of retrofitting two types of WWTPs to convert them into biofactories of crude PHAs was studied. Two cases were analyzed: (a) a large WWTP with anaerobic sludge digestion; and (b) a small WWTP where sludge is only dewatered. In a two-stage PHA-production system (biomass enrichment plus PHAs accumulation), the minimum PHAs cost would be 1.26 and 2.26 US$/kg PHA-crude for the large and small WWTPs, respectively. In a single-stage process, where a fraction of the secondary sludge (25%) is directly used to accumulate PHAs, the production costs would decrease by around 15.9% (small WWTPs) and 19.0% (large WWTPs), since capital costs associated with bioreactors decrease. Sensitivity analysis showed that the PHA/COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) yield is the most crucial parameter affecting the production costs. The energy, methane, and sludge management prices also have an essential effect on the production costs, and their effect depends on the WWTP’s size.

scholarly journals Hemicellulosic Bioethanol Production from Fast-Growing Paulownia Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Pablo G. del Río ◽  
Aloia Romaní ◽  
Gil Garrote ◽  
Lucília Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Xylose Reductase ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Scheffersomyces Stipitis ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Engineered Strain

In order to exploit a fast-growing Paulownia hardwood as an energy crop, a xylose-enriched hydrolysate was obtained in this work to increase the ethanol concentration using the hemicellulosic fraction, besides the already widely studied cellulosic fraction. For that, Paulownia elongata x fortunei was submitted to autohydrolysis treatment (210 °C or S0 of 4.08) for the xylan solubilization, mainly as xylooligosaccharides. Afterwards, sequential stages of acid hydrolysis, concentration, and detoxification were evaluated to obtain fermentable sugars. Thus, detoxified and non-detoxified hydrolysates (diluted or not) were fermented for ethanol production using a natural xylose-consuming yeast, Scheffersomyces stipitis CECT 1922, and an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae MEC1133 strain, metabolic engineered strain with the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase pathway. Results from fermentation assays showed that the engineered S. cerevisiae strain produced up to 14.2 g/L of ethanol (corresponding to 0.33 g/g of ethanol yield) using the non-detoxified hydrolysate. Nevertheless, the yeast S. stipitis reached similar values of ethanol, but only in the detoxified hydrolysate. Hence, the fermentation data prove the suitability and robustness of the engineered strain to ferment non-detoxified liquor, and the appropriateness of detoxification of liquor for the use of less robust yeast. In addition, the success of hemicellulose-to-ethanol production obtained in this work shows the Paulownia biomass as a suitable renewable source for ethanol production following a suitable fractionation process within a biorefinery approach.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar-Driven Steam Gasification of Biomass for Large-Scale Hydrogen Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Houssame Boujjat ◽  
Sylvain Rodat ◽  
Stéphane Abanades
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Land Cost

Solar biomass gasification is an attractive pathway to promote biomass valorization while chemically storing intermittent solar energy into solar fuels. The economic feasibility of a solar gasification process at a large scale for centralized H2 production was assessed, based on the discounted cash-flow rate of return method to calculate the minimum H2 production cost. H2 production costs from solar-only, hybrid and conventional autothermal biomass gasification were evaluated under various economic scenarios. Considering a biomass reference cost of 0.1 €/kg, and a land cost of 12.9 €/m2, H2 minimum price was estimated at 2.99 €/kgH2 and 2.48 €/kgH2 for the allothermal and hybrid processes, respectively, against 2.25 €/kgH2 in the conventional process. A sensitivity study showed that a 50% reduction in the heliostats and solar tower costs, combined with a lower land cost of below 0.5 €/m2, allowed reaching an area of competitiveness where the three processes meet. Furthermore, an increase in the biomass feedstock cost by a factor of 2 to 3 significantly undermined the profitability of the autothermal process, in favor of solar hybrid and solar-only gasification. A comparative study involving other solar and non-solar processes led to conclude on the profitability of fossil-based processes. However, reduced CO2 emissions from the solar process and the application of carbon credits are definitely in favor of solar gasification economics, which could become more competitive. The massive deployment of concentrated solar energy across the world in the coming years can significantly reduce the cost of the solar materials and components (heliostats), and thus further alleviate the financial cost of solar gasification.

Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Lower Production

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.

scholarly journals Studi Kelayakan Ekonomis Rencana Pembangunan Pelabuhan Sungai Liong Desa Berancah Kabupaten Bengkalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Nur Rahmani ◽  
Akmal Lazuardy
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The fish shelter port (TPI) is a need that needs to be prepared by local village officials and the government for every coastal village in Bengkalis Regency. This research was conducted in the Berancah village of Bantan District. The analysis in this study describes the economic feasibility mathematically for the construction of a fish storage port (TPI) by calculating the cost ratio (B / C ratio) benefit analysis, payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return ( IRR). The results obtained from the NPV value (3,661,267,645), BCR value (0.943), IRR value of 10.01%, and PP are in the period of 30 years. Taken as a whole by standardizing the calculations, it can be concluded that the planned construction of a fish shelter in Berancah village is considered not economically feasible, but economic analysis is not merely a benchmark for feasibility, reviewed for the future many benefits will be received by the community around the location of the development plan so that it can improve the welfare of the community in Berancah village.

scholarly journals POTENCIAL DE CLONES EXPERIMENTAIS DE BATATA-DOCE PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Adriano Mendes Lourenço ◽  
Aline Torquato Tavares ◽  
Tiago Alves Ferreira ◽  
Danilo Alves da Silva Porto Lopes ◽  
João Victor Gonçalves Carline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Starch Yield

A batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) tem sido reportada como uma das espécies de planta com grande capacidade de converter biomassa em matéria prima para produção de etanol. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de clones de batata-doce para produção de etanol. Foram avaliados 60 clones de batata-doce para produtividade de raízes, teor de amido nas raízes, produtividade de amido, coloração da casca e da polpa e o rendimento de etanol. O clone BDTO#122,32 e as cultivares Ana Clara e Carolina Vitória com média de 46,77; 42,75 e 41,25 t ha-¹, respectivamente, foram os que mais conseguiram acumular biomassa na forma de raiz. Os clones que apresentam as maiores médias de produtividade de amido por hectare foram BDTO#144.22 e BDTO#100.23, com valores de 15,46 e 14,16% t ha-1, com rendimentos de etanol de 8,33 e 7,63 m³ ha-¹. Os clones BDTO#144.22 e BDTO#100.23 apresentaram as maiores médias de produtividade de amido por hectare e rendimento de etanol, sendo, portanto, os mais promissores para a produção de etanol.Palavras-chave: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, melhoramento genético, seleção, biocombustível. POTENTIAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CLONES OF SWEET POTATO FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION ABSTRACT:Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Has been reported as one of the plant species with great ability to convert biomass into feedstock for ethanol production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of sweet potato clones for ethanol production. Twenty-six sweet potato clones were evaluated for root productivity, root starch content, starch yield, bark and pulp color, and ethanol yield. Clone BDTO # 122.32 and cultivars Ana Clara and Carolina Vitória averaging 46.77; 42.75 and 41.25 t ha-1, respectively, were the ones that were able to accumulate biomass in the root form. The clones presenting the highest starch productivity per hectare were BDTO # 144.22 and BDTO # 100.23, with values of 15.46 and 14.16% t ha-1, with ethanol yields of 8.33 and 7.63 m³ ha-¹. The clones BDTO # 144.22 and BDTO # 100.23 showed the highest averages of starch productivity per hectare and yield of ethanol, thus being the most promising for the production of ethanol.Keywords: Ipomoea potatoes (L.) Lam, breeding, selection, biofuel.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KRITERIA INVESTASI KONVENSIONAL DAN LINGKUNGAN PETERNAKAN BABI DI KOTA TOMOHON

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Franky N.S Oroh ◽  
S A.E Moningkey ◽  
I D.R Lumenta
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Investment Plan ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTSTUDY OF CONVENTIONAL INVESTMENT CRITERIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL OF PIG FARMING IN TOMOHON CITY. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of conventional (private) and environment (externalities) investment criteria, which determine the extent of the economic feasibility of the externalities investment criteria taking into account the private costs (conventional costs) and externalities costs (environmental costs) in the pig farm agribusiness. This research was conducted in Tomohon, where the sample pig farms that have business scale criterion of <1,000, 1,000-5,000, and > 5,000 heads. The analysis used the analysis of investment criteria to look at the externalities economic feasibility of the pig farms, with the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). NPV of conventionally and externalities was greater than zero or positive, these results suggest that the companies have been conventionally sampled financially feasibility, as well as the investment plan of externalities. IRR conventional and externalities is greater than one, these results indicate that the samples with conventional and externalities investment companies are still profitable, especially if the investment is viewed in the environment, it would be beneficial as it will reduce the environmental impact. BC ratio values conventionally and externalities is greater than one, these results suggest that the externalities investment is feasible for conducting.Keywords :Economy, Environment, Pig Farms, Tomohon

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Bio-Based Lactic Acid Production Utilizing Corn Grain as Feedstock

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Manandhar ◽  
Ajay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Chemical Equipment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Corn Grain

Lactic acid is an important chemical with numerous commercial applications that can be fermentatively produced from biological feedstocks. Producing lactic acid from corn grain could complement the use of already existing infrastructure for corn grain-based ethanol production with a higher value product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of producing 100,000 metric tons (t) of lactic acid annually from corn grain in a biorefinery. The study estimated the resources (equipment, raw materials, energy, and labor) requirements and costs to produce lactic acid from bacteria, fungi and yeast-based fermentation pathways. Lactic acid production costs were $1181, $1251 and $844, for bacteria, fungi and yeast, respectively. Genetically engineered yeast strains capable of producing lactic acid at low pH support significantly cheaper processes because they do not require simultaneous neutralization and recovery of lactic acid, resulting in lower requirements for chemical, equipment, and utilities. Lactic acid production costs were highly sensitive to sugar-to-lactic-acid conversion rates, grain price, plant size, annual operation hours, and potential use of gypsum. Improvements in process efficiencies and lower equipment and chemical costs would further reduce the cost of lactic acid production from corn grain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document