scholarly journals Methylene Blue-Based Nano and Microparticles: Fabrication and Applications in Photodynamic Therapy

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3955
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Lim
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Recent Trends

Methylene blue (MB) has been used in the textile industry since it was first extracted by the German chemist Heinrich Caro. Its pharmacological properties have also been applied toward the treatment of certain diseases such as methemoglobinemia, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and thyroid conditions requiring surgery. Recently, the utilization of MB as a safe photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received attention. Recent findings demonstrate that photoactivated MB exhibits not only anticancer activity but also antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, due to the hydrophilic nature of MB, it is difficult to create MB-embedded nano- or microparticles capable of increasing the clinical efficacy of the PDT. This review aims to summarize fabrication techniques for MB-embedded nano and microparticles and to provide both in vitro and in vivo examples of MB-mediated PDT, thereby offering a future perspective on improving this promising clinical treatment modality. We also address examples of MB-mediated PDT in both cancer and infection treatments. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies are summarized here to document recent trends in utilizing MB as an effective photosensitizer in PDT. Lastly, we discuss how developing efficient MB-carrying nano- and microparticle platforms would be able to increase the benefits of PDT.

Pharmacological Applications of Saffron (Crocus sativus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Tumour Activity ◽  
Different Parts

Saffron spice also known as Crocus sativus (Saffron crocus) belongs to the family of iridaceae. Many studies have proved its potential role in disease eradication. It has been reported to possess the attributes of a sedative, an anti-asthma, an emmenagogue, an expectorant, and an adaptogenic agent. Crocin, crocetin, and safranal are the most important biochemically active ingredients that were found in different parts of the plants in varying proportions like the peels, fruits, seeds, and rind of Crocus sativus. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that saffron has got its therapeutic implication in health management via anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumour activity. This review attempts to reveal the potential pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus. It also draws attention towards the use of herbs and spices in various ailments without facing the harmful side effects of chemically derived medicine.

The influence of photodynamic therapy parameters on the inactivation of Candida spp: in vitro and in vivo studies

Laser Physics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 045601 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Alves ◽  
E G Mima ◽  
L N Dovigo ◽  
V S Bagnato ◽  
J H Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Candida Spp

scholarly journals Comparative Study Regarding the Properties of Methylene Blue and Proflavine and Their Optimal Concentrations for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Eliza Nedu ◽  
Mihaela Tertis ◽  
Cecilia Cristea ◽  
Alexandru Valentin Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Bacteriostatic Agent ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Methylene blue and proflavine are fluorescent dyes used to stain nucleic acid from the molecular level to the tissue level. Already clinically used for sentinel node mapping, detection of neuroendocrine tumors, methemoglobinemia, septic shock, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and photodynamic inactivation of RNA viruses, the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect of methylene blue has been demonstrated in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Proflavine was used as a disinfectant and bacteriostatic agent against many gram-positive bacteria, as well as a urinary antiseptic involved in highlighting cell nuclei. At the tissue level, the anti-inflammatory effects of methylene blue protect against pulmonary, renal, cardiac, pancreatic, ischemic-reperfusion lesions, and fevers. First used for their antiseptic and antiviral activity, respectively, methylene blue and proflavine turned out to be excellent dyes for diagnostic and treatment purposes. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that both dyes are efficient as perfusion and tissue tracers and permitted to evaluate the minimal efficient concentration in different species, as well as their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. This review aims to identify the optimal concentrations of methylene blue and proflavine that can be used for in vivo experiments to highlight the vascularization of the skin in the case of a perforasome (both as a tissue tracer and in vascular mapping), as well as their effects on tissues. This review is intended to be a comparative and critical presentation of the possible applications of methylene blue (MB) and proflavine (PRO) in the surgical field, and the relevant biomedical findings from specialized literature to date are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muddassar hameed ◽  
Abdul wahaab ◽  
mohsin nawaz ◽  
sawar khan ◽  
Jawad Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Genotype I

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine preventable disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is primarily prevalent in Asia. JEV is a Flavivirus, classified into a single serotype with five genetically distinct genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). JEV genotype III (GIII) had been the most dominant strain and caused numerous out breaks in the JEV endemic countries until 1990. However, recent data shows the emergence of genotype I (GI) as a dominant genotype and it is gradually displacing GIII. The exact mechanism of this genotype displacement is still unclear. The virus can replicate in mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts to maintain its zoonotic life cycle; pigs and aquatic wading birds act as an amplifying/reservoir hosts, and humans and equines are the dead end hosts. The important role of pigs as an amplifying host for JEV is well known. However, the influence of other domestic animals especially birds that live in high abundance and close proximity to human is not well studied. Here, we strive to briefly highlight the role of birds in JEV zoonotic transmission, discovery of birds as a natural reservoirs and amplifying host for JEV, species of birds susceptible to JEV infection, and the proposed effect of JEV on poultry industry in future perspective which have been neglected for a long times. We also discussed the recent in vitro and in vivo studies which show that the newly emerged GI viruses replicated more efficiently in bird-derived cells and ducklings/chicks than GIII, and an important role of birds in the JEV genotype shift from GIII to GI.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with fulleropyrrolidine: photoinactivation mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro and in vivo studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 4031-4043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Grinholc ◽  
Joanna Nakonieczna ◽  
Grzegorz Fila ◽  
Aleksandra Taraszkiewicz ◽  
Anna Kawiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

scholarly journals Sonodynamic and sono-photodynamic therapy in oncology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
D. A. Tzerkovsky ◽  
E. L. Protopovich ◽  
D. S. Stupak
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Antitumor Efficacy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Methods

In the present publication, authors have analyzed the results of using sonodynamic and sono-photodynamic therapy with photosensitizing agents of various classes (hematoporphyrin, 5-aminolevulinic acid, chlorin derivatives, etc.) in experimental oncology. In a number of in vitro and in vivo studies, the high antitumor efficacy of the above treatment methods has been proven. Ultrasonic treatment with a pulse frequency of 1–3 MHz and an intensity of 0.7 to 5 W/cm2 , independently and in combination with photo-irradiation of experimental tumors, can significantly improve the cytotoxic properties of photosensitizers. This became the basisfor testing the methodsin patients with malignant neoplasms of various localizations. Scientists fromSouth-East Asia presented the preliminary results of the use of sonodynamic and sono-photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers in the treatment of malignant pathology of the mammary gland, stomach, esophagus, prostate, lung and brain. Analysis of the obtained data indicates the absence of serious adverse events and an increase in the antitumor efficacy of treatment, which included these treatment methods with chlorin-type photosensitizers. 

scholarly journals Porphyrin synthesis from ALA derivatives for photodynamic therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1660-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Perotti ◽  
H Fukuda ◽  
G DiVenosa ◽  
A J MacRobert ◽  
A Batlle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Porphyrin Synthesis
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