scholarly journals Usefulness of a Nanostructured Fibrin-Agarose Bone Substitute in a Model of Severely Critical Mandible Bone Defect

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3939
Author(s):  
Miguel-Angel Martin-Piedra ◽  
Belén Gironés-Camarasa ◽  
Antonio España-López ◽  
Ricardo Fernández-Valadés Gámez ◽  
Cristina Blanco-Elices ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Defect Site ◽  
Control Bone

Critical defects of the mandibular bone are very difficult to manage with currently available materials and technology. In the present work, we generated acellular and cellular substitutes for human bone by tissue engineering using nanostructured fibrin–agarose biomaterials, with and without adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated to the osteogenic lineage using inductive media. Then, these substitutes were evaluated in an immunodeficient animal model of severely critical mandibular bone damage in order to assess the potential of the bioartificial tissues to enable bone regeneration. The results showed that the use of a cellular bone substitute was associated with a morpho-functional improvement of maxillofacial structures as compared to negative controls. Analysis of the defect site showed that none of the study groups fully succeeded in generating dense bone tissue at the regeneration area. However, the use of a cellular substitute was able to improve the density of the regenerated tissue (as determined via CT radiodensity) and form isolated islands of bone and cartilage. Histologically, the regenerated bone islands were comparable to control bone for alizarin red and versican staining, and superior to control bone for toluidine blue and osteocalcin in animals grafted with the cellular substitute. Although these results are preliminary, cellular fibrin–agarose bone substitutes show preliminary signs of usefulness in this animal model of severely critical mandibular bone defect.

scholarly journals Bone Regeneration and Remodeling within a Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitute at a Cortical Bone Defect Site: Histological Analysis at One and Two Years after Implantation

Materials ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4884-4894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Iwasashi ◽  
Toru Funayama ◽  
Arata Watanabe ◽  
Hiroshi Noguchi ◽  
Toshinori Tsukanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Defect Site

scholarly journals Mechanistic Illustration: How Newly-Formed Blood Vessels Stopped by the Mineral Blocks of Bone Substitutes Can Be Avoided by Using Innovative Combined Therapeutics

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Fabien Bornert ◽  
François Clauss ◽  
Guoqiang Hua ◽  
Ysia Idoux-Gillet ◽  
Laetitia Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Polymeric Component ◽  
Bone Filling

One major limitation for the vascularization of bone substitutes used for filling is the presence of mineral blocks. The newly-formed blood vessels are stopped or have to circumvent the mineral blocks, resulting in inefficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the implant. This leads to necrosis within the implant and to poor engraftment of the bone substitute. The aim of the present study is to provide a bone substitute currently used in the clinic with suitably guided vascularization properties. This therapeutic hybrid bone filling, containing a mineral and a polymeric component, is fortified with pro-angiogenic smart nano-therapeutics that allow the release of angiogenic molecules. Our data showed that the improved vasculature within the implant promoted new bone formation and that the newly-formed bone swapped the mineral blocks of the bone substitutes much more efficiently than in non-functionalized bone substitutes. Therefore, we demonstrated that our therapeutic bone substitute is an advanced therapeutical medicinal product, with great potential to recuperate and guide vascularization that is stopped by mineral blocks, and can improve the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. We have also elucidated the mechanism to understand how the newly-formed vessels can no longer encounter mineral blocks and pursue their course of vasculature, giving our advanced therapeutical bone filling great potential to be used in many applications, by combining filling and nano-regenerative medicine that currently fall short because of problems related to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.

scholarly journals Regeneration of critical-sized defects, in a goat model, using a dextrin-based hydrogel associated with granular synthetic bone substitute

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Pereira ◽  
José Eduardo Pereira ◽  
Luís Maltez ◽  
Alexandra Rodrigues ◽  
Catarina Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Synthetic Bone Substitute ◽  
In Situ Forming ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
In Situ Forming Hydrogels

Abstract The development of injectable bone substitutes (IBS) have obtained great importance in the bone regeneration field, as a strategy to reach hardly accessible defects using minimally invasive techniques and able to fit to irregular topographies. In this scenario, the association of injectable hydrogels and bone graft granules is emerging as a well-established trend. Particularly, in situ forming hydrogels have arisen as a new IBS generation. An in situ forming and injectable dextrin-based hydrogel (HG) was developed, aiming to act as a carrier of granular bone substitutes and bioactive agents. In this work, the HG was associated to a granular bone substitute (Bonelike®) and implanted in goat critical-sized calvarial defects (14 mm) for 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The results showed that HG improved the handling properties of the Bonelike® granules and did not affect its osteoconductive features, neither impairing the bone regeneration process. Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord, extracellular matrix hydrolysates and the pro-angiogenic peptide LLKKK18 were also combined with the IBS. These bioactive agents did not enhance the new bone formation significantly under the conditions tested, according to micro-computed tomography and histological analysis.

scholarly journals Construction of hollow polydopamine nanoparticle based drug sustainable release system and its application in bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Shuwei Liu ◽  
Chunxia Ren ◽  
Siyuan Xiang ◽  
Daowei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Drug Load ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Low Toxicity

AbstractNanomaterial-based drug sustainable release systems have been tentatively applied to bone regeneration. They, however, still face disadvantages of high toxicity, low biocompatibility, and low drug-load capacity. In view of the low toxicity and high biocompatibility of polymer nanomaterials and the excellent load capacity of hollow nanomaterials with high specific surface area, we evaluated the hollow polydopamine nanoparticles (HPDA NPs), in order to find an optimal system to effectively deliver the osteogenic drugs to improve treatment of bone defect. Data demonstrated that the HPDA NPs synthesized herein could efficiently load four types of osteogenic drugs and the drugs can effectively release from the HPDA NPs for a relatively longer time in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity and high biocompatibility. Results of qRT-PCR, ALP, and alizarin red S staining showed that drugs released from the HPDA NPs could promote osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. Image data from micro-CT and H&E staining showed that all four osteogenic drugs released from the HPDA NPs effectively promoted bone regeneration in the defect of tooth extraction fossa in vivo, especially tacrolimus. These results suggest that the HPDA NPs, the biodegradable hollow polymer nanoparticles with high drug load rate and sustainable release ability, have good prospect to treat the bone defect in future clinical practice.

scholarly journals N-acetyl Cysteine Alleviates Cytotoxicity of Bone Substitute

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
T. Ueno ◽  
H. Minamikawa ◽  
N. Sato ◽  
F. Iwasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Amino Acid Derivative ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bone Particles

Lack of cytocompatibility in bone substitutes impairs healing in surrounding bone. Adverse biological events around biomaterials may be associated with oxidative stress. We hypothesized that a clinically used inorganic bone substitute is cytotoxic to osteoblasts due to oxidative stress and that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant amino acid derivative, would detoxify such material. Only 20% of rat calvaria osteoblasts were viable when cultured on commercial deproteinized bovine bone particles for 24 hr, whereas this percentage doubled on bone substitute containing NAC. Intracellular ROS levels markedly increased on and under bone substitutes, which were reduced by prior addition of NAC to materials. NAC restored suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity in the bone substitute. Proinflammatory cytokine levels from human osteoblasts on the bone substitute decreased by one-third or more with addition of NAC. NAC alleviated cytotoxicity of the bone substitute to osteoblastic viability and function, implying enhanced bone regeneration around NAC-treated inorganic biomaterials.

scholarly journals Leucocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Block: Its Use for the Treatment of a Large Cyst with Implant-Based Rehabilitation

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Mauceri ◽  
Denise Murgia ◽  
Orazio Cicero ◽  
Luigi Paternò ◽  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Large Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Defect ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Autologous Platelet

The management of critical-size bone defects is still demanding. Recently, autologous platelet concentrates in combination with bone substitute have been applied and reported in a few studies. Our aim is to report the healing of a critical-size alveolar bone defect treated with a new bone regeneration technique by means of L-PRF and L-PRF blocks. A 45-year-old woman presented a large cystic lesion; the extraction of three teeth, a cyst removal procedure, and bone regeneration procedures with L-PRF and L-PRF blocks were planned. The L-PRF block was prepared by mixing a bone substitute with a piece of L-PRF membrane and liquid fibrinogen. Additionally, after bone healing an implant-based rehabilitation was optimally performed. On the basis of the positive results, in terms of bone healing and tissue regeneration in a large bone defect, the application of L-PRF and L-PRF blocks, in agreement with the scarce literature, is suggested as a feasible procedure in selected cases.

Mandibular bone loss in an animal model of male osteoporosis (orchidectomized rat): a radiographic and densitometric study

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Lerouxel ◽  
H�l�ne Libouban ◽  
Marie-Fran�oise Moreau ◽  
MichelF. Basl� ◽  
Maurice Audran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Male Osteoporosis ◽  
Mandibular Bone

Lingual mandibular bone defect: Report of three cases

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Grellner ◽  
David E. Frost ◽  
Robert B. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Mandibular Bone

scholarly journals Physical and Histological Comparison of Hydroxyapatite, Carbonate Apatite, and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Ishikawa ◽  
Youji Miyamoto ◽  
Akira Tsuchiya ◽  
Koichiro Hayashi ◽  
Kanji Tsuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation

Three commercially available artificial bone substitutes with different compositions, hydroxyapatite (HAp; Neobone®), carbonate apatite (CO3Ap; Cytrans®), and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; Cerasorb®), were compared with respect to their physical properties and tissue response to bone, using hybrid dogs. Both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were porous, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) was dense. Crystallite size and specific surface area (SSA) of Neobone® (HAp), Cytrans® (CO3Ap), and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were 75.4 ± 0.9 nm, 30.8 ± 0.8 nm, and 78.5 ± 7.5 nm, and 0.06 m2/g, 18.2 m2/g, and 1.0 m2/g, respectively. These values are consistent with the fact that both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) are sintered ceramics, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) is fabricated in aqueous solution. Dissolution in pH 5.3 solution mimicking Howship’s lacunae was fastest in CO3Ap (Cytrans®), whereas dissolution in pH 7.3 physiological solution was fastest in β-TCP (Cerasorb®). These results indicated that CO3Ap is stable under physiological conditions and is resorbed at Howship’s lacunae. Histological evaluation using hybrid dog mandible bone defect model revealed that new bone was formed from existing bone to the center of the bone defect when reconstructed with CO3Ap (Cytrans®) at week 4. The amount of bone increased at week 12, and resorption of the CO3Ap (Cytrans®) was confirmed. β-TCP (Cerasorb®) showed limited bone formation at week 4. However, a larger amount of bone was observed at week 12. Among these three bone substitutes, CO3Ap (Cytrans®) demonstrated the highest level of new bone formation. These results indicate the possibility that bone substitutes with compositions similar to that of bone may have properties similar to those of bone.

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