scholarly journals A Zwitterionic Copolymer as Rheology Modifier and Fluid Loss Agents for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3120
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Tan ◽  
Longchen Duan ◽  
Weichao Han ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Mingyi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties

To overcome the negative impact on the rheological and filtration loss properties of drilling fluids caused by elevated temperature and salts contamination, which are common in ultradeep or geothermal drilling operations, it is imperative to develop highly efficient additives used in the water-based drilling fluid. In this study, a zwitterionic copolymer P (AM/DMC/AMPS/DMAM, ADAD) was synthesized by using acrylamide (AM), cationic monomer methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), anionic monomer 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) through free radical copolymerization. The copolymer was characterized by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential. The rheological behavior, filtration properties, and the performance exposure to salt or calcium contamination in water-based drilling fluid were investigated. The bentonite/polymer suspension showed improved rheological and filtration properties even after aging at 160 °C or a high concentration of salt and calcium. The filtration loss can be greatly reduced by more than 50% (from 18 mL to 7 mL) by the inclusion of 2.0 wt% copolymer, while a slight increase in the filtrate loss was observed even when exposed to electrolyte contamination. Particle size distribution and zeta potential further validate the idea that zwitterionic copolymer can greatly improve the stability of base fluid suspension through positive group enhanced anchoring on the clay surface and repulsion force between negative particles. Moreover, this study can be directed towards the design and application of zwitterionic copolymer in a water-based drilling fluid.

A Study on the Effects of Date Pit-Based Additive on the Performance of Water-Based Drilling Fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimoh K. Adewole ◽  
Musa O. Najimu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Loss Control

This study investigates the effect of using date seed-based additive on the performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). Specifically, the effects of date pit (DP) fat content, particle size, and DP loading on the drilling fluids density, rheological properties, filtration properties, and thermal stability were investigated. The results showed that dispersion of particles less than 75 μm DP into the WBDFs enhanced the rheological as well as fluid loss control properties. Optimum fluid loss and filter cake thickness can be achieved by addition of 15–20 wt % DP loading to drilling fluid formulation.

scholarly journals Improving the rheological and fluid loss properties of the water-based mud using wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Hani Ali Al Khalaf ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmad ◽  
Gabriella Kovácsné Federer
Keyword(s):  
Yield Point ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties

This study aims to evaluate the effect of wheat flour as a natural and environmentally friendly material on the properties of water-based mud. Recently, many experiments have been conducted with various additives to improve the properties of drilling fluids. The effect of using wheat flour as a new additive to drilling fluid was studied to improve rheological and filtration properties. In the laboratory several samples of water-based mud were prepared, different concentrations of wheat flour from 1 wt% to 7 wt% were added to the mud and tested by using a Fann 35 viscometer, 140 Fann Mud balance, and an API LT-LP filter press. The results showed that adding 7 wt% of wheat flour was the optimal concentration. It was found that the apparent viscosity and yield point increased by 50% and 35%, respectively, when 7 wt% of wheat flour was added to the water-based drilling fluid. Likewise, the fluid loss rate was reduced by 25% when using the same concentration of wheat flour.

scholarly journals Effect of silica nano particles on the rheological and HTHP filtration properties of environment friendly additive in water-based drilling fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Munmun Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Filtration Properties

AbstractRheological and filtration properties of drilling fluid contribute a vital role in successful drilling operations. Rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP) and gel strength of drilling fluids are very essential for hydraulic calculations and lifting of drill cuttings during the drilling operation. Control of filtration loss volume is also very important for cost effective and successful drilling operations. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to improve the rheological and filtration properties of Grewia Optiva fibre powder (GOFP) by using 30–50 nm size of silica nano particles (SNP) in water-based drilling fluid. The experimental outcomes revealed that after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C for 16 h, the low pressure-low temperature (LPLT) and high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration loss of GOFP additives was improved, after the addition of SNP on it. The mixture of 5% GOFP + 4% SNP has reduced the LPLT and HPHT filtration loss of drilling fluid by 74.03 and 78.12%, respectively, as compared to base mud. Thus, it was concluded that after the addition of 0.4% SNP, the LPLT and HPHT filtration control ability of GOFP additive in WBM were increased by 17.6 and 15%, respectively. The rheological parameters such as AV, PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluids were also improved by the addition of GOFP + SNP mixture in the base mud. Therefore, the implementation of GOFP + SNP mixture in water-based mud showed auspicious results which reaffirm the feasibility of using them in the successful drilling operations.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Rheological Behavior of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid with Rheology Modifier and Oil Wetter Additives

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4877
Author(s):  
Mobeen Murtaza ◽  
Sulaiman A. Alarifi ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
Sagheer A. Onaizi ◽  
Mohammed Al-Ajmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rheology Modifier

Drilling issues such as shale hydration, high-temperature tolerance, torque and drag are often resolved by applying an appropriate drilling fluid formulation. Oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF) formulations are usually composed of emulsifiers, lime, brine, viscosifier, fluid loss controller and weighting agent. These additives sometimes outperform in extended exposure to high pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions encountered in deep wells, resulting in weighting material segregation, high fluid loss, poor rheology and poor emulsion stability. In this study, two additives, oil wetter and rheology modifier were incorporated into the OBDF and their performance was investigated by conducting rheology, fluid loss, zeta potential and emulsion stability tests before and after hot rolling at 16 h and 32 h. Extending the hot rolling period beyond what is commonly used in this type of experiment is necessary to ensure the fluid’s stability. It was found that HPHT hot rolling affected the properties of drilling fluids by decreasing the rheology parameters and emulsion stability with the increase in the hot rolling time to 32 h. Also, the fluid loss additive’s performance degraded as rolling temperature and time increased. Adding oil wetter and rheology modifier additives resulted in a slight loss of rheological profile after 32 h and maintained flat rheology profile. The emulsion stability was slightly decreased and stayed close to the recommended value (400 V). The fluid loss was controlled by optimizing the concentration of fluid loss additive and oil wetter. The presence of oil wetter improved the carrying capacity of drilling fluids and prevented the barite sag problem. The zeta potential test confirmed that the oil wetter converted the surface of barite from water to oil and improved its dispersion in the oil.

scholarly journals Experimental study on thermal, rheological and filtration control characteristics of drilling fluids: effect of nanoadditives

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Erfan Veisi ◽  
Mastaneh Hajipour ◽  
Ebrahim Biniaz Delijani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Based

Cooling the drill bit is one of the major functions of drilling fluids, especially in high temperature deep drilling operations. Designing stable drilling fluids with proper thermal properties is a great challenge. Identifying appropriate additives for the drilling fluid can mitigate drill-bit erosion or deformation caused by induced thermal stress. The unique advantages of nanoparticles may enhance thermal characteristics of drilling fluids. The impacts of nanoparticles on the specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, rheological, and filtration control characteristics of water‐based drilling fluids were experimentally investigated and compared in this study. Al2O3, CuO, and Cu nanoparticles were used to prepare the water-based drilling nanofluid samples with various concentrations, using the two-step method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were utilized to study the nanoparticle samples. The nanofluids stability and particle size distribution were, furthermore, examined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The experimental results indicated that thermal and rheological characteristics are enhanced in the presence of nanoparticles. The best enhancement in drilling fluid heat capacity and thermal conductivity was obtained as 15.6% and 12%, respectively by adding 0.9 wt% Cu nanoparticles. Furthermore, significant improvement was observed in the rheological characteristics such as the apparent and plastic viscosities, yield point, and gel strength of the drilling nanofluids compared to the base drilling fluid. Addition of nanoparticles resulted in reduced fluid loss and formation damage. The permeability of filter cakes decreased with increasing the nanoparticles concentration, but no significant effect in filter cake thickness was observed. The results reveal that the application of nanoparticles may reduce drill-bit replacement costs by improving the thermal and drilling fluid rheological characteristics and decrease the formation damage due to mud filtrate invasion.

scholarly journals Laponite: a promising nanomaterial to formulate high-performance water-based drilling fluids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Bin Huang ◽  
Jin-Sheng Sun ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Bang-Chuan Yan ◽  
Xiao-Dong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Abstract High-performance water-based drilling fluids (HPWBFs) are essential to wellbore stability in shale gas exploration and development. Laponite is a synthetic hectorite clay composed of disk-shaped nanoparticles. This paper analyzed the application potential of laponite in HPWBFs by evaluating its shale inhibition, plugging and lubrication performances. Shale inhibition performance was studied by linear swelling test and shale recovery test. Plugging performance was analyzed by nitrogen adsorption experiment and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. Extreme pressure lubricity test was used to evaluate the lubrication property. Experimental results show that laponite has good shale inhibition property, which is better than commonly used shale inhibitors, such as polyamine and KCl. Laponite can effectively plug shale pores. It considerably decreases the surface area and pore volume of shale, and SEM results show that it can reduce the porosity of shale and form a seamless nanofilm. Laponite is beneficial to increase lubricating property of drilling fluid by enhancing the drill pipes/wellbore interface smoothness and isolating the direct contact between wellbore and drill string. Besides, laponite can reduce the fluid loss volume. According to mechanism analysis, the good performance of laponite nanoparticles is mainly attributed to the disk-like nanostructure and the charged surfaces.

scholarly journals Evaluation of environment friendly micro-ionized litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a fluid loss control agent in water-based drilling fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715-1726
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Munmun Bhattacharya ◽  
Ashok Raina ◽  
Man Mohan Gusain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Loss Control

AbstractThis work investigates the efficacy of a biodegradable natural product, litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a filtration loss control agent in the water-based drilling fluid formulations. In order to evaluate the potential of litchi leaves powder (LLP), a strict protocol of experimentations according to API (American Petroleum Institute) standard has been followed. The experimental outcome showed that before hot rolling and after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C it was observed that 3–5% Concentration of LLP significantly increased the rheological parameters such as PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluid as compared to reference mud. Also, LLP reformed the filtration loss control characterization, suggesting a better biodegradable fluid loss reducing agent. After hot rolling at 100 °C for 18 h, the water-based drilling fluid with LLP as an additive showed a marked reduction in filtration control property as compared to reference Mud (RM). Experimental results concluded that 5% concentration of LLP significantly reduced the filtration loss of drilling fluid by 70.6% as compared to reference mud under the influence of 100 psi pressure. However, the conventional fluid loss additive CMC (LVG) reduced the filtration loss by maximum 67.5% as compared to reference mud. Therefore, LLP can be used as an alternative to CMC (LVG) in water-based drilling fluid with a maximum subsurface temperature of 100 °C.

scholarly journals Lubricating Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Improvement Using Lignite NPs as well as Their Effect on Rheological and Filtration Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Massara Salam ◽  
Nada S. Al-Zubaidi ◽  
Asawer A. Al-Wasiti
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Lubricating Properties

In the process of drilling directional, extended-reach, and horizontal wells, the frictional forces between the drill string and the wellbore or casing can cause severe problems including excessive torque which is one of the most important problems during drilling oil and gas well. Drilling fluid plays an important role by reducing these frictional forces. In this research, an enhancement of lubricating properties of drilling fluids was fundamentally examined by adding Lignite NPs into the water-based drilling fluid. Lubricity, Rheology and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid were measured at room temperature using OFITE EP and Lubricity Tester, OFITE Model 900 Viscometer, and OFITE Low-Pressure Filter Press, respectively. Lignite NPs were added at different concentrations (0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %) by weight into water-based drilling fluid. Lignite NPs showed good reduction in COF of water-based drilling fluid. The enhancement was increased with increasing Lignite NPs concentrations; 23.68%, 35.52%, and 45.3 % reduction in COF were obtained by adding 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight Lignite NPs concentration, respectively.

Bentonite Suspension Filtration and its Electro-Kinetics in the Presence of Additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
R. M. Farag ◽  
A. M. Salem ◽  
A. A. El-Midany ◽  
S. E. El-Mofty
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Suspension Filtration ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Invasion of fluids into porous media during drilling can lead to irreparable damage and reduced well productivity. Hence, minimizing the filtration loss of the drilling fluid into the formation is very important. The stability of colloidal suspensions plays a crucial role in controlling the interfacial forces and consequently on minimizing the filtration. The zeta potential is an indicator of the stability of colloids with respect to their electrostatic interactions. In this study, the rheological properties of bentonite suspensions are investigated with and without additives. The starch and CMC were used as additives to enhance the rheological properties of bentonite. The effects of these additives on the drilling fluid filtration were examined. Zeta-potential, viscosity, gel strength and yield point were measured to characterize the extent to which control of the filtration loss of the drilling fluids can be achieved. The zeta-potential and the amount of filtration loss of water-bentonite suspensions were correlated. Finally, the results showed that the addition of either starch or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) enhances the filtration properties of water-bentonite suspensions.

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