scholarly journals Bioethanol Production and Alkali Pulp Processes as Sources of Anionic Lignin Surfactants

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2703
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Álvarez-Barajas ◽  
Antonio A. Cuadri ◽  
Francisco J. Navarro ◽  
Francisco J. Martínez-Boza ◽  
Pedro Partal
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Disperse Phase Concentration ◽  
Model Oil

Lignin is an abundant biopolymer with potential value-added applications that depend on biomass source and fractioning method. This work explores the use as emulsifiers of three native lignin-rich product coming from industrial bioethanol production and alkali or Kraft pulping. In addition to their distinctive characteristics, the different molecular organization induced by emulsification pH is expected to interact in various ways at the water-oil interface of the emulsion droplets. Initially, model oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions of a silicone oil will be studied as a function of lignin source, disperse phase concentration and emulsification pH. Once stablished the effect of such variables, emulsion formulations of three potential bitumen rejuvenators (waste vegetable cooking oil, recycled lubricating oil and a 160/220 penetration range soft bitumen). Droplet size distribution, Z-potential and viscous tests conducted on model emulsions have shown that emulsification pH strongly affects stabilization ability of the lignins tested. Regarding bitumen rejuvenators, lignin emulsification capability will be affected by surfactant source, pH and, additionally, by the dispersed phase characteristics. Lower Z-potential values shown by KL at pH 9 and 11 seem to facilitate emulsification of the less polar disperse phases formed by RLUB and bitumen. In any case, lower particle size and higher yield stress values were found for both bioethanol-derived lignins emulsifying RVO and RLUB at pH 13, which are expected to exhibit a longer stability.

scholarly journals Investigating Lignin-Derived Monomers and Oligomers in Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions Separated from Depolymerized Black Liquor Retentate by Membrane Filtration

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2887
Author(s):  
Kena Li ◽  
Jens Prothmann ◽  
Margareta Sandahl ◽  
Sara Blomberg ◽  
Charlotta Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Complexity

Base-catalyzed depolymerization of black liquor retentate (BLR) from the kraft pulping process, followed by ultrafiltration, has been suggested as a means of obtaining low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds. The chemical complexity of BLR, which consists of a mixture of softwood and hardwood lignin that has undergone several kinds of treatment, leads to a complex mixture of LMW compounds, making the separation of components for the formation of value-added chemicals more difficult. Identifying the phenolic compounds in the LMW fractions obtained under different depolymerization conditions is essential for the upgrading process. In this study, a state-of-the-art nontargeted analysis method using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/HRMSn) combined with a Kendrick mass defect-based classification model was applied to analyze the monomers and oligomers in the LMW fractions separated from BLR samples depolymerized at 170–210 °C. The most common phenolic compound types were dimers, followed by monomers. A second round of depolymerization yielded low amounts of monomers and dimers, while a high number of trimers were formed, thought to be the result of repolymerization.

Bioethanol production from Eucalyptus grandis hemicellulose recovered before kraft pulping using an integrated biorefinery concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairan D. Guigou ◽  
Florencia Cebreiros ◽  
María N. Cabrera ◽  
Mario D. Ferrari ◽  
Claudia Lareo
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Integrated Biorefinery

scholarly journals HP-induced supra-molecular organization of guest molecules in FER-type zeolites

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1469-C1469
Author(s):  
Rossella Arletti ◽  
Simona Quartieri ◽  
Giovanna Vezzalini ◽  
Ettore Fois ◽  
Gloria Tabacchi
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Structural Refinement ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Guest Species ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Stiffening Effect

The response to pressure of a synthetic all-silica ferrierite (Si-FER) and of a natural ferrierite from Monastir (Sardinia, Italy) (Mon-FER, Na0.56 K1.19 Mg2.02 Ca0.52 Sr0.14)(Al6.89Si29.04)O72 ·17.86 H2O) is here investigated combining HP synchrotron XRPD experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The experiments were carried out by using penetrating (methanol:ethanol:water 16:3:1, m.e.w.; ethanol:water 1:3, e.w.) and non-penetrating (silicone oil, s.o.) pressure transmitting media (PTM). In Si-FER compressed in e.w., both water (w.) and ethanol molecules (e.) enter the pore system even at 0.2 GPa. The structural refinement of the data collected at 0.8 GPa reveals 8 w. and 4 e. molecules in the 10- and 6-membered ring channels, in tight agreement with the results of MD simulations. In Si-FER compressed at 0.2 GPa in m.e.w., only water molecules penetrate the 10-membered ring channels (15 per u.c.), organized in chains running along the channel axis. The interactions among the guest species and the framework oxygen atoms are very weak, due to the hydrophobicity of the framework. Upon decompression, the intruded extra-molecules are not completely released, so giving rise to new materials with different extra-framework contents. The results obtained for Si-FER compressed in m.e.w. and s.o. were compared to those obtained for Mon-FER, demonstrating that the zeolite composition and the PTM strongly influence the overall elastic parameters of the investigated samples. Specifically, Mon-FER shows a much higher rigidy than Si-FER in both media, due to the stiffening effect of the numerous extraframework species present in the natural sample. The higher rigidity of Si-FER in m.e.w. with respect to s.o. can be explained by the penetration, in the former case, of the PTM molecules, which contribute to stiffen the framework.

scholarly journals Metabolic Engineering of a Glycerol-Oxidative Pathway in Lactobacillus panis PM1 for Utilization of Bioethanol Thin Stillage: Potential To Produce Platform Chemicals from Glycerol

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (24) ◽  
pp. 7631-7639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Sun Kang ◽  
Darren R. Korber ◽  
Takuji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Thin Stillage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxidative Pathway

ABSTRACTLactobacillus panisPM1 has the ability to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from thin stillage (TS), which is the major waste material after bioethanol production, and is therefore of significance. However, the fact thatL. panisPM1 cannot use glycerol as a sole carbon source presents a considerable problem in terms of utilization of this strain in a wide range of industrial applications. Accordingly,L. panisPM1 was genetically engineered to directly utilize TS as a fermentable substrate for the production of valuable platform chemicals without the need for exogenous nutrient supplementation (e.g., sugars and nitrogen sources). An artificial glycerol-oxidative pathway, comprised of glycerol facilitator, glycerol kinase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, and NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase genes ofEscherichia coli, was introduced intoL. panisPM1 in order to directly utilize glycerol for the production of energy for growth and value-added chemicals. A pH 6.5 culture converted glycerol to mainly lactic acid (85.43 mM), whereas a significant amount of 1,3-propanediol (59.96 mM) was formed at pH 7.5. Regardless of the pH, ethanol (82.16 to 83.22 mM) was produced from TS fermentations, confirming that the artificial pathway metabolized glycerol for energy production and converted it into lactic acid or 1,3-PDO and ethanol in a pH-dependent manner. This study demonstrates the cost-effective conversion of TS to value-added chemicals by the engineered PM1 strain cultured under industrial conditions. Thus, application of this strain or these research findings can contribute to reduced costs of bioethanol production.

scholarly journals Design and Construction of a Low-Cost Test Bench for Testing Agricultural Spray Nozzles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Longo ◽  
Giuseppe Manetto ◽  
Rita Papa ◽  
Emanuele Cerruto
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Imagej Software

Droplet size distribution is probably the most important feature of a spray as it affects all aspects of a phytosanitary treatment, i.e., biological, environmental, and safety aspects. This study describes a low-cost laboratory test bench able to analyze agricultural spray nozzles under realistic conditions. The design of the equipment was mainly based on the ISO 5682-1 standard. It has a couple of 3 m long rails, along which the nozzle under test moves while spraying, controlled by a closed-loop position and speed controller. The drops were captured with three Petri dishes containing silicone oil, photographed by means of a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, and then analyzed with the ImageJ software in order to measure the usual spray parameters: the volumetric diameters, the Sauter mean diameter, and the number mean diameter. Spray trials and tuning of the system parameters were managed by means of a purposely designed user interface running on a Windows 10 PC. Some tests were carried out by using an Albuz ATR80 orange hollow cone nozzle at the working pressures of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MPa. The results about spray quality agree with the factory information, and the whole system, even if some aspects still need improvements, has proven reliable.

scholarly journals Advisory support for organizational components of production management and bioethanol use

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Anatolii Ivanko ◽  
Yurii Bakun ◽  
Olha Khaietska ◽  
Mykhailo Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Business Conditions

The purpose of the article is to consider of organizational components of management production and bioethanol use and peculiarities of advisory support of indicated processes. Research methods - the theoretical basis of the article was the dialectical method of cognition and systematic method for advisory support of production management and bioethanol use processes. The results of research have been obtained via use such main methods as analysis and generalization. Using the analyses method a comparison of individual organizational components of process of production management and bioethanol use was made. Based on the method of generalization, four more significant groups of organizational components of management are identified and the features of information and consulting support for their implementation are identified. Research results. The expediency of deepening the coordination at different levels of government in Ukraine of the processes development of bioethanol production and use is proved, which is due to such main factors: the preservation of crop production as a traditional type of economic activity, the intensification of efforts to ensure state energy independence by increasing the production of alternative renewable fuels and increase the level of value-added in the agricultural sector. The set of organizational components of management along the chains of bioethanol production and use with the allocation of four basic ones is summarized. The importance of information and consulting support for the organizational components of the bioethanol production and use was emphasized, which will become a prerequisite for increasing the production of this type of alternative renewable fuel. Scientific novelty. As a results of the generalization, four groups of basic organizational components for managing of the processes of bioethanol production and use have been distinguished: institutional, organizational and economic, organizational and technical, organizational and structural. The grounding and implementation of management decisions on the bioethanol production and use is proposed to be carried out on the basis of an alternative approach with the choice of individual organizational components of management, which are more appropriate in specific business conditions. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to formulate strategic and program documents for managing the processes of bioethanol production and use. The effect of their implementation can be assessed by multilevel indicators. At the business level, the effect can be determined by: assessing the volume of bioethanol production and saving costs from the use of bioethanol in performing of economic operations. At the macroeconomic level, the effect can be determined by the level of decrease in dependence on imported energy supplies, by the increase in the level of added value in the agrarian sector and so on. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 4. Refs.: 23.

scholarly journals MEMPELAJARI KONDISI OPTIMUM PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL MELALUI HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS MENGGUNAKAN Sacharomycess cereviceae DARI PATI SAGU DAN UMBI TALAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Marniati Salim ◽  
Elida Mardiah ◽  
Yosi Opthymal ◽  
Febby Febrizal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Bioethanol Production

Vol 5 No 1ABSTRACT Sago (Metroxylon sp) and umbi talas (Colocasia gigantea Hook F) are natural resources that are found in plantyfull Indonesian. However, these potencies are not yet processed to give an optimum value added product. Sago and taro are rich of starch, that could be fermented to form bioethanol for reneweable energy. The ethanol were produced by fermenting the hydrolized starch of sago and taro with yeast. The starch of sago and taro were hydrolized enzymaticly by α-amylase and glucoamylase. Sago and taro (15 g each) were grinded and hydrolized by α-amylase and then by glucoamylase at the variation of volume of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mL for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. The glucose produced was measured by Somogy-Nelson methods. The product of sago hydrolysis were optimum with 6 mL of α-amylase and 6 mL glucoamylase for 2 hours to give 59.11 g/L of reducing sugar. The product of taro with 6 mL α-amylase and 7 mL glucoamylase for 4 hours which gave 64.22 g/L of reducing sugar. The product of ethanol were analyzed by Gas Cromatography (GC). The maximum bioethanol production obtained optimum after 4 days fermentation of hydrolized sago starch and after 5 days fermentation of hydrolized taro starch which were 3.742% and 4.0123%. Key words: Bioethanol, sago starch, taro, enzymatic hydrolysed, α-amylase and glucoamylase

scholarly journals Synergy of Thermochemical Treatment of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles with Bioethanol Production for Increased Sustainability and Profitability

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Samuel O’Brien ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Heat Demand

The bioethanol industry continues improving sustainability, specifically focused on plant energy and GHG emission management. Dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of ethanol fermentation and is used for animal feed. DDGS is a relatively low-value bulk product that decays, causes odor, and is challenging to manage. The aim of this research was to find an alternative, value-added-type concept for DDGS utilization. Specifically, we aimed to explore the techno-economic feasibility of torrefaction, i.e., a thermochemical treatment of DDGS requiring low energy input, less sophisticated equipment, and resulting in fuel-quality biochar. Therefore, we developed a research model that addresses both bioethanol production sustainability and profitability due to synergy with the torrefaction of DDGS and using produced biochar as marketable fuel for the plant. Our experiments showed that DDGS-based biochar (CSF—carbonized solid fuel) lower calorific value may reach up to 27 MJ∙kg−1 d.m. (dry matter) Specific research questions addressed were: What monetary profits and operational cost reductions could be expected from valorizing DDGS as a source of marketable biorenewable energy, which may be used for bioethanol production plant’s demand? What environmental and financial benefits could be expected from valorizing DDGS to biochar and its reuse for natural gas substitution? Modeling indicated that the valorized CSF could be produced and used as a source of energy for the bioethanol production plant. The use of heat generated from CSF incineration supplies the entire heat demand of the torrefaction unit and the heat demand of bioethanol production (15–30% of the mass of CSF and depending on the lower heating value (LHV) of the CSF produced). The excess of 70–85% of the CSF produced has the potential to be marketed for energetic, agricultural, and other applications. Preliminary results show the relationship between the reduction of the environmental footprint (~24% reduction in CO2 emissions) with the introduction of comprehensive on-site valorization of DDGS. The application of DDGS torrefaction and CSF recycling may be a source of the new, more valuable revenues and bring new perspectives to the bioethanol industry to be more sustainable and profitable, including during the COVID-19 pandemic and other shocks to market conditions.

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