scholarly journals Dopant-Dependent Electrical and Biological Functionality of PEDOT in Bioelectronics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Skorupa ◽  
Daria Więcławska ◽  
Dominika Czerwińska-Główka ◽  
Magdalena Skonieczna ◽  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Electrochemical Doping ◽  
Tissue Interface ◽  
Biological Functionality ◽  
Poly Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Efficient Manufacturing ◽  
Integrated Device ◽  
The Impact

The aspiration to interact living cells with electronics challenges researchers to develop materials working at the interface of these two distinct environments. A successful interfacing coating should exhibit both biocompatibility and desired functionality of a bio-integrated device. Taking into account biodiversity, the tissue interface should be fine-tuned to the specific requirements of the bioelectronic systems. In this study, we pointed to electrochemical doping of conducting polymers as a strategy enabling the efficient manufacturing of interfacing platforms, in which features could be easily adjusted. Consequently, we fabricated conducting films based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix, with properties modulated through doping with selected ions: PSS− (poly(styrene sulfonate)), ClO4− (perchlorate), and PF6− (hexafluorophosphate). Striving to extend the knowledge on the relationships governing the dopant effect on PEDOT films, the samples were characterized in terms of their chemical, morphological, and electrochemical properties. To investigate the impact of the materials on attachment and growth of cells, rat neuroblastoma B35 cells were cultured on their surface and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and biological assays. Eventually, it was shown that through the choice of a dopant and doping conditions, PEDOT-based materials can be efficiently tuned with diversified physicochemical properties. Therefore, our results proved electrochemical doping of PEDOT as a valuable strategy facilitating the development of promising tissue interfacing materials with characteristics tailored as required.

Development of Non-acidic Poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) for Organic and Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Ju Lee ◽  
Summer R. Ferreira ◽  
R. Guild Copeland ◽  
Diana L. Moore ◽  
Julia W. P. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Poly Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate improved compatibility of poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layer with acid-sensitive materials by addition of a simple base, NaOH or NH4OH, to the aqueous suspension to increase pH. Addition of NaOH to the acidic PEDOT:PSS allowed the deposition of PEDOT:PSS on top of an inverted poly(3-hexylthiophene):ZnO nanoparticle blend hybrid photovoltaic device, and improved device performance due to preservation of the ZnO electron acceptor. To quantitatively investigate the impact of base addition to hole transport layer properties and device performance, we deposited PEDOT:PSS with different pH values on inverted poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction devices. We find that NaOH modification results in a substantial work function decrease and series resistance increase. In contrast, the volatile NH4OH leaves PEDOT:PSS with minimal changes in film properties and device performance.

scholarly journals The impact of chromosomes and centrosomes on spindle assembly as observed in living cells.

1995 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Zhang ◽  
R B Nicklas
Keyword(s):  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Microtubule Dynamics ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Spindle Microtubule ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Bipolar Spindle ◽  
The Impact

We analyzed the role that chromosomes, kinetochores, and centrosomes play in spindle assembly in living grasshopper spermatocytes by reconstructing spindles lacking certain components. We used video-enhanced, polarization microscopy to distinguish the effect of each component on spindle microtubule dynamics and we discovered that both chromosomes and centrosomes make potent and very different contributions to the organization of the spindle. Remarkably, the position of a single chromosome can markedly affect the distribution of microtubules within a spindle or even alter the fate of spindle assembly. In an experimentally constructed spindle having only one chromosome, moving the chromosome to one of the two poles induces a dramatic assembly of microtubules at the nearer pole and a concomitant disassembly at the farther pole. So long as a spindle carries a single chromosome it will persist normally. A spindle will also persist even when all chromosomes are detached and then removed from the cell. If, however, a single chromosome remains in the cell but is detached from the spindle and kept in the cytoplasm, the spindle disassembles. One might expect the effect of chromosomes on spindle assembly to relate to a property of a specific site on each chromosome, perhaps the kinetochore. We have ruled out that possibility by showing that it is the size of chromosomes rather than the number of kinetochores that matters. Although chromosomes affect spindle assembly, they cannot organize a spindle in the absence of centrosomes. In contrast, centrosomes can organize a functional bipolar spindle in the absence of chromosomes. If both centrosomes and chromosomes are removed from the cell, the spindle quickly disappears.

scholarly journals Enduring Cell Lines: Parents’ Experiences of Postmortem Tumor Banking in Childhood Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 107484072110014
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Moules ◽  
Catherine M. Laing ◽  
Wendy Pelletier ◽  
Gregory M. T. Guilcher ◽  
Jennifer A. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Deceased Donors ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parents Experiences

While cure rates in pediatric oncology have improved over the past 30 years, childhood cancer remains the second leading cause of death in children aged 1 to 14. Developing therapies often require using cancerous tissues, which may come from deceased donors. Tumor banks collect, store, and distribute these donated samples. While tumor banking is more common, factors that contribute to parents’ decision and the impact of it on the family are not well understood. The purpose of this hermeneutic study was to understand the meaning and impact of tumor banking for parents of children who have died from cancer. Findings suggest that parents donating their child’s tumors unexpectedly found a sense of meaning in their loss. They also found a legacy of their child’s life; the living cells in some ways assisted the parents with grief. Aspects of this sensitive conversation and decision are discussed from the perspective of the parents’ experiences.

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