scholarly journals Conservation, Regeneration and Genetic Stability of Regenerants from Alginate-Encapsulated Shoot Explants of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Stefanos Hatzilazarou ◽  
Stefanos Kostas ◽  
Theodora Nendou ◽  
Athanasios Economou
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alginate Encapsulation ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Regeneration Response

The present study demonstrates the potential of the alginate encapsulation of shoot tips and nodal segments of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, the short-term cold storage of artificial seeds and subsequent successful conversion to desirable, uniform and genetically stable plantlets. Shoot tips and first-node segments below them, derived from shoots of in vitro cultures, responded better than second-to-fourth-node segments on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium and thus, they were used as explants for alginate encapsulation. Explant encapsulation in 2.5% sodium alginate in combination with 50 mM of calcium chloride resulted in the production of soft beads, while hardening in 100 mM of calcium chloride formed firm beads of uniform globular shape, suitable for handling. The addition of liquid MS nutrient medium in the sodium alginate solution doubled the subsequent germination response of the beads. The maintenance of alginate beads under light favored their germination response compared to maintenance in darkness. Encapsulated shoot tip explants of gardenia, which were stored at 4 °C for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, showed a gradual decline in their regeneration response (73.3, 68.9, 53.3%, respectively), whereas, non-encapsulated explants (naked), stored under the same time durations of cold conditions, exhibited a sharp decline in regeneration response up to entirely zeroing (48.9, 11.1, 0.0%, respectively). Shoots, derived from 12-week cold-stored encapsulated explants, were easily rooted in solid MS nutrient medium with the addition of 0.5 μM of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and after transplantation of the rooted plantlets individually to pots containing a peat–perlite (3:1, v/v) substrate, they were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse under the gradual reduction of 75 or 50% shading with survival rates of 95–100%. The genetic stability of the acclimatized plantlets was assessed and compared with the mother plant using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR analysis confirmed that all regenerated plantlets were genetically identical to the mother plant. This procedure of artificial seed production could be useful for the short-term storage of germplasm and the production of genetically identical and stable plants as an alternative method of micropropagation in Gardenia jasminoides.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Viburnum dentatum L. from Alginate-Encapsulated Shoot Explants after Short-Term Cold Storage and Assessment of Genetic Stability Using ISSR Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Stefanos Hatzilazarou ◽  
Stefanos Kostas ◽  
Maria Joachim ◽  
Athanasios Economou
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Artificial Seeds ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Regeneration Response ◽  
Regeneration Procedure

The present study demonstrates an efficient protocol for alginate encapsulation, interim cold storing of artificial seeds and conversion to genetically stable plants of Viburnum dentatum L. “Lucidum Aiton”. Explants of shoot tips and first-node segments, excised from in vitro-derived viburnum microshoots, were encapsulated in 2.5% sodium alginate mixed with liquid MS nutrient medium and hardened in 50 mM of calcium chloride producing solid, soft and uniform beads. These artificial seeds achieved 28.9% germination under light, forming 4.3 microshoots per bead. However, with 100 mM of calcium chloride for hardening, the beads were firm and of a uniform globular shape and suitable for handling and exhibited a germination response of 48.9%. Encapsulated shoot tip explants of viburnum, which were stored at 4 °C for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, showed a gradual decline in regeneration response (73.3, 62.2, 51.1%, respectively), while non-encapsulated explants, stored under same conditions, did not survive after the fourth week of cold storage. Microshoots from cold-stored encapsulated explants, which were rooted in solid MS nutrient medium with 0.5 μΜ of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and transplanted to a substrate of peat-perlite (3:1, v/v), acclimatized successfully after application of 75 or 50% shading, which was gradually reduced, and were established with minimum losses in a greenhouse. For the genetic stability of the artificial seed-derived plantlets and compared with the mother plant, an assessment was conducted using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) analysis. The ISSR profiles proved the genetic uniformity and clonal stability of the regenerated plantlets and their genetic resemblance to the mother plant. The present regeneration procedure could be used as an alternative method for the micropropagation of V. dentatum.

scholarly journals Somatic seeds of Plantago asiatica L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Andrzejewska-Golec ◽  
Joanna Makowczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Plantago Asiatica ◽  
First Time

Somatic seeds of <em>Plantago asiatica</em> L. were produced for the first time. Shoot-tips isolated from in vitro obtained 4-week shoots were encapsulated using sodium alginate and calcium chloride. Capsules with or without sucrose and with and without cytokinin - indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were used. Sucrose presence in capsules very distinctly influences somatic seeds of <em>Plantago asiatica</em> germination and their conversion into plants. However, addition of IBA to capsules has not clear influence on the ability of plant regrowth. Plantlets transplanted to soil grew to phenotypically normal plants.

Preparation and properties of wet-spun microcomposite filaments from cellulose nanocrystals and alginate using a microfluidic device

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5780-5793
Author(s):  
Ji-Soo Park ◽  
Chan-Woo Park ◽  
Song-Yi Han ◽  
Eun-Ah Lee ◽  
Azelia Wulan Cindradewi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Orientation Index ◽  
Cacl2 Solution

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were wet-spun in a coagulation bath for the fabrication of microfilaments, and the effect of sodium alginate (AL) addition on the wet-spinnability and properties of the microcomposite filament was investigated. The CNC suspension exhibited excellent wet-spinnability in calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution, and the addition of AL in CNC suspension resulted in the enhancement of the wet-spinnability of CNCs. As the AL content increased from 3% to 10%, the average diameter of the microcomposite filament decreased, and its tensile properties deteriorated. The increased spinning rate caused an increase in the orientation index of CNCs, resulting in an improvement in the tensile properties of the microcomposite filament.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE OCULAR INSERTS OF BRIMONIDINE-TARTRATE AND TIMOLOL MALEATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi G. B. ◽  
Prashanth Kunal
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Brimonidine Tartrate

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current work was attempted to formulate and evaluate a controlled-release matrix-type ocular inserts containing a combination of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate, with a view to sustain the drug release in the cul-de-sac of the eye.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initially, the infrared studies were done to determine the drug–polymer interactions. Sodium alginate-loaded ocuserts were prepared by solvent casting technique. Varying the concentrations of polymer—sodium alginate, plasticizer—glycerine, and cross-linking agent—calcium chloride by keeping the drug concentration constant, made a total of nine formulations. These formulations were evaluated for its appearance, drug content, weight uniformity, thickness uniformity, percentage moisture loss, percentage moisture absorption, and <em>in vitro </em>release profile of the ocuserts. Finally, accelerated stability studies and the release kinetics were performed on the optimised formulation.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was perceived that polymer, plasticizer, and calcium chloride had a significant influence on the drug release. The data obtained from the formulations showed that formulation—F9 was the optimised formulation, which exhibited better drug release. The release data of the optimised formulation tested on the kinetic models revealed that it exhibited first-order release kinetics. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded that a natural bioadhesive hydrophilic polymer such as sodium alginate can be used as a film former to load water soluble and hydrophilic drugs like brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate. Among all formulations, F9 with 400 mg sodium alginate, 2% calcium chloride and 60 mg glycerin were found to be the most suitable insert in terms of appearance, ease of handling, thickness, <em>in vitro</em> drug release and stability.</p>

scholarly journals STANDARDIZATION OF MEDIUM FOR SYNTHETIC SEED GERMINATION OF SALVIA SCLAREA L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Durgha H ◽  
Ramya G ◽  
Gogul Ramanth M ◽  
Thirugnanasampandan R
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Multiple Shoot Induction ◽  
Salvia Sclarea

Young nodal explants (0.5-1cm) of Salvia sclarea L. was used for synthetic seed preparation.Synthetic seeds were prepared using 5% sodium alginate and 1.11% calcium chloride. Seed germination was observed on MS medium fortified with 1.4µM GA3+4.4µM BA after twenty days of culture. Further multiple shoot induction was observed after fifteen days of shootinduction.

scholarly journals Determination of the effect of calcium chloride on sodium alginate on the restructuring of fish products

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-596
Author(s):  
Radion Nykyforov ◽  
Yuriі Korenets ◽  
Natalya Frolova ◽  
Oleg Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Fish Products

scholarly journals Anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-biofilm activities of dextranase and its encapsulation in alginate beads for application in toothpaste

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10165
Author(s):  
Nucharee Juntarachot ◽  
Sasithorn Sirilun ◽  
Duangporn Kantachote ◽  
Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn ◽  
Piyachat Tongpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
The Stability

Background The accumulation of plaque causes oral diseases. Dental plaque is formed on teeth surfaces by oral bacterial pathogens, particularly Streptococcus mutans, in the oral cavity. Dextranase is one of the enzymes involved in antiplaque accumulation as it can prevent dental caries by the degradation of dextran, which is a component of plaque biofilm. This led to the idea of creating toothpaste containing dextranase for preventing oral diseases. However, the dextranase enzyme must be stable in the product; therefore, encapsulation is an attractive way to increase the stability of this enzyme. Methods The activity of food-grade fungal dextranase was measured on the basis of increasing ratio of reducing sugar concentration, determined by the reaction with 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent. The efficiency of the dextranase enzyme was investigated based on its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against biofilm formation by S. mutans ATCC 25175. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the three factors affecting encapsulation: pH, calcium chloride concentration, and sodium alginate concentration. Encapsulation efficiency (% EE) and the activity of dextranase enzyme trapped in alginate beads were determined. Then, the encapsulated dextranase in alginate beads was added to toothpaste base, and the stability of the enzyme was examined. Finally, sensory test and safety evaluation of toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase were done. Results The highest activity of the dextranase enzyme was 4401.71 unit/g at a pH of 6 and 37 °C. The dextranase at its MIC (4.5 unit/g) showed strong inhibition against the growth of S. mutans. This enzyme at 1/2 MIC also showed a remarkable decrease in biofilm formation by S. mutans. The most effective condition of dextranase encapsulation was at a pH of 7, 20% w/v calcium chloride and 0.85% w/v sodium alginate. Toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase alginate beads produced under suitable condition was stable after 3 months of storage, while the sensory test of the product was accepted at level 3 (like slightly), and it was safe. Conclusion This research achieved an alternative health product for oral care by formulating toothpaste with dextranase encapsulated in effective alginate beads to act against cariogenic bacteria, like S. mutants, by preventing dental plaque.

scholarly journals Effects of Repeated Applications of Roundup Pro® Over the Top of Container-Grown Nursery Crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Albert Van Hoogmoed ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Patricia R. Knight ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Minor Injury ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Ilex Cornuta ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
July August September

Three experiments studying the effects of repeated over-the-top applications of Roundup Pro® to container-grown nursery crops were conducted. Plants in 3.8 liter (1 gal) containers were treated with either single or multiple applications of Roundup Pro® at 1.12 kg ai·ha−1 (1.0 lb ai·A−1) in July, August, September, or October, 2008 or 2009. Plants treated with multiple applications were treated in July and August (J+A); July, August, and September (J+A+S); July, August, September, and October (J+A+S+O); or July and September (J+S). Injury ratings were taken at multiple times after treatments. Growth indices (GI) [(height + width1 + width2) / 3] were taken in January and June 2009 and February and May 2010. Plants were rated for vigor and marketability in May 2009 or June 2010. Liriope muscari ‘Big Blue,’ Camellia sasanqua ‘Shishigashira,’ and Gardenia jasminoides ‘Radicans’ were evaluated in Experiment 1 (2008, Auburn). Liriope showed minor injury from two or more applications with reduced growth from 3 or 4 applications, but all plants were rated as marketable in June of the following season. ‘Shishigashira’ camellia exhibited no injury from any glyphosate application and all parameters were similar to non-treated controls (NTC). Gardenia showed fall chlorosis and stunting through early spring from multiple applications, but all plants were marketable. Even those treated 3 or 4 times were small but marketable. In Experiment 2 (2009, Auburn. AL), ‘Big Blue’ liriope, ‘Radicans’ gardenia, Camellia sasanqua ‘Martha Sims,’ and Juniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’ showed no injury from any treatment and GI in January and June were similar to NTC. Ilex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burfordi’ GI were similar to NTC with occasional chlorosis observed after July treatments. Ternstroemia gymnathera (cleyera) exhibited chlorosis, necrosis, and stunting of shoot tips for all treatments. Cleyera GI in January and June indicated that J+A+S, J+A+S+O, and J+S-treated plants were smaller than NTC, but regrowth was similar to NTC for all treatments the following spring. All plants were vigorous and marketable. In Experiment 3 (2009, Mobile, AL), ‘Big Blue’ liriope, ‘Radicans’ gardenia, ‘Blue Pacific’ juniper, ‘Martha Sims’ camellia, Ilex cornuta ‘Carissa,’ and cleyera GI were similar to NTC in February and late May. Slight injury occurred only on the new growth of cleyera and ‘Carissa’ holly with primary symptoms being chlorosis and/or slight stunting seen in mid-September and October from some single and double applications.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of in vitro parthenogenesis of unpollinated maize ovaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Tatyana Alekseevna Alatortseva
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryo ◽  
Direct Embryogenesis ◽  
Agricultural Plants

The maize line AT-1 is characterized by a hereditary predisposition to parthenogenesis. The aim of this investigation is to study parthenogenetic embryo development in the culture of unpollinated ovaries in vitro . The unpollinated ovaries were explanted in 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days after the appearance of stigmas from ears. The nutrient medium included mineral components of MS, vitamins, sucrose (9,0%), 2,4-D (2,0 mg/l), agar-agar. The structure of megagametophytes at the time of inoculation of the ovaries and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th day of cultivation was studied. The first divisions of unfertilized egg cells were observed on the 5th-7th day after appearance of stigmas from ears, independently from whether all this time the ovaries were on the mother plant or they were inoculated into the nutrient medium. The formation of the autonomous abnormal endosperm in some cultivated ovaries was detected. The abnormal endosperm disturbed normal development of the proembryo. As a rule, the ovaries with embryo and endosperm degenerated. In the absence of endosperm, the morphogenesis of parthenogenetic proembryos was carried out in one of two directions in vitro : 1) development of plants by direct embryogenesis; 2) regeneration of plants from numerous embryoids, raised on the surface of globular proembryos. The second direction was prevailed. The culture of unpollinated ovaries can be a promising method of mass haploid regenerants not only in maize, but also in other types of agricultural plants.

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