scholarly journals Insights into the Role of Biopolymer Aerogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Esam Bashir Yahya ◽  
A. A. Amirul ◽  
Abdul Khalil H.P.S. ◽  
Niyi Gideon Olaiya ◽  
Muhammad Omer Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Tissue Scaffolding

The global transplantation market size was valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 11.5% over the forecast period. The increasing demand for tissue transplantation has inspired researchers to find alternative approaches for making artificial tissues and organs function. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of biopolymers and the attractive structural characteristics of aerogels such as extremely high porosity, ultra low-density, and high surface area make combining these materials of great interest in tissue scaffolding and regenerative medicine applications. Numerous biopolymer aerogel scaffolds have been used to regenerate skin, cartilage, bone, and even heart valves and blood vessels by growing desired cells together with the growth factor in tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on the principle of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and the role of biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in this field, going through the properties and the desirable characteristics of biopolymers and biopolymer tissue scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The recent advances of using biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in the regeneration of skin, cartilage, bone, and heart valves are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we highlight the main challenges of biopolymer-based scaffolds and the prospects of using these materials in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Influences of Molecular Weights on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Collagen-Alginate Scaffolds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truc Cong Ho ◽  
Jin-Seok Park ◽  
Sung-Yeoul Kim ◽  
Hoyeol Lee ◽  
Ju-Sop Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Molecular Weights

For tissue engineering applications, biodegradable scaffolds containing high molecular weights (MW) of collagen and sodium alginate have been developed and characterized. However, the properties of low MW collagen-based scaffolds have not been studied in previous research. This work examined the distinctive properties of low MW collagen-based scaffolds with alginate unmodified and modified by subcritical water. Besides, we developed a facile method to cross-link water-soluble scaffolds using glutaraldehyde in an aqueous ethanol solution. The prepared cross-linked scaffolds showed good structural properties with high porosity (~93%) and high cross-linking degree (50–60%). Compared with collagen (6000 Da)-based scaffolds, collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds exhibited higher stability against collagenase degradation and lower weight loss in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate tended to improve antioxidant capacity compared with scaffolds containing unmodified alginate. Interestingly, in vitro coagulant activity assay demonstrated that collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate (C25-A63 and C25-A21) significantly reduced the clotting time of human plasma compared with scaffolds consisting of unmodified alginate. Although some further investigations need to be done, collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate should be considered as a potential candidate for tissue engineering applications.

Nano Hydroxyapatite (Nano-Hap): A Potential Bioceramic For Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Saxena ◽  
Lalit Pandey ◽  
T. S. Srivatsan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Size And Morphology

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the most studied biomimic for biomedical applications. Specially, nano-HAp has been utilized for bone tissue engineering various orthopedic applications. HAp possesses various suitable properties such as bioactivity, biodegradability and cell proliferation efficiency for bone tissue engineering applications. Yet, lacks in self-antibacterial activity, high surface area and target efficiency. Results: In this directioon, researchers have focused on exploring the required surface as well as the inherent properties of HAp at the nanoscale. These properties are largely dependent on the composition, size and morphology of the nano-HAp. Hence, nano-HAp has been found to be an excellent candidate with an attractive combination of properties for selection and use in biomedical applications, those required to enhanced biological responses. Further, depending on the type of application, these factors can be tuned to optimize the performance. Conclusion: In this review article, we focus on the chemical structure of HAp and the routes chosen and used for the synthesis of the nano-HAp. The role of various parameters in controlling synthesis at the nanoscale are presented and briefly discussed. In addition, we provide an overview of the various applications for the pristine and doped nano-HAp with recent examples in areas spanning the following: (i) bone tissue engineering applications, (ii) drug delivery applications, (iii) surface coatings, and (iv) scaffolds. The effect of chemical composition on the mechanical properties, surface properties and biological properties are also highlighted. Nano-HAp is found to be highly proficient for its biomedical applications, especially for bone tissue engineering applications. The nano-sized properties enhances the biological responses. The dopant ions that replaces the Ca ion into the hydroxyapatite (HAp) lattice plays a crucial role in its biomedical applications

scholarly journals Marine Algae Polysaccharides as Basis for Wound Dressings, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Engineering: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Boris G. Andryukov ◽  
Natalia N. Besednova ◽  
Tatyana S. Zaporozhets ◽  
Andrey V. Kalinin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Dressing Materials

The present review considers the physicochemical and biological properties of polysaccharides (PS) from brown, red, and green algae (alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans, and ulvans) used in the latest technologies of regenerative medicine (tissue engineering, modulation of the drug delivery system, and the design of wound dressing materials). Information on various types of modern biodegradable and biocompatible PS-based wound dressings (membranes, foams, hydrogels, nanofibers, and sponges) is provided; the results of experimental and clinical trials of some dressing materials in the treatment of wounds of various origins are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the ability of PS to form hydrogels, as hydrogel dressings meet the basic requirements set out for a perfect wound dressing. The current trends in the development of new-generation PS-based materials for designing drug delivery systems and various tissue-engineering scaffolds, which makes it possible to create human-specific tissues and develop target-oriented and personalized regenerative medicine products, are also discussed.

Preparation of Electrospun PLA Nanofiber Scaffold and the Evaluation In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Tao Wen ◽  
Hong Song Fan ◽  
Yan Fei Tan ◽  
H.D. Cao ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Electrospun Scaffold ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffold ◽  
Soft Tissue Engineering

A electrospinning process to prepare soft tissue engineering scaffold was introduced in this study. This kind of scaffold was composed with ultrathin fiber and characterized with high porosity, well-interconnected pores and high surface-to-volume ratio. Biodegradable polylaticacid (PLA) was used to spin the scaffold and the scaffold was evaluated in vitro by analysis the microscopic structure, porosity, mechanical property, especially cytocompatibility. The results indicated that the electrospun PLA scaffold showed good cytocompatibility and the tensile property of electrospun scaffold was similar to human’s soft tissue. It could be expected that the electrospun scaffold would be potential in soft tissue engineering or soft tissue repair.

scholarly journals Liposomes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (101) ◽  
pp. 20140459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Monteiro ◽  
Albino Martins ◽  
Rui L. Reis ◽  
Nuno M. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
The 1960S

Liposomes are vesicular structures made of lipids that are formed in aqueous solutions. Structurally, they resemble the lipid membrane of living cells. Therefore, they have been widely investigated, since the 1960s, as models to study the cell membrane, and as carriers for protection and/or delivery of bioactive agents. They have been used in different areas of research including vaccines, imaging, applications in cosmetics and tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is defined as a strategy for promoting the regeneration of tissues for the human body. This strategy may involve the coordinated application of defined cell types with structured biomaterial scaffolds to produce living structures. To create a new tissue, based on this strategy, a controlled stimulation of cultured cells is needed, through a systematic combination of bioactive agents and mechanical signals. In this review, we highlight the potential role of liposomes as a platform for the sustained and local delivery of bioactive agents for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches.

Role of Cells in Freezing-Induced Cell-Fluid Matrix Interactions Within Engineered Tissues

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Seawright ◽  
Altug Ozcelikkale ◽  
J. Craig Dutton ◽  
Bumsoo Han
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Term Storage

Cryopreservation can provide long-term storage of various biological tissues, which has significant impact on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For successful cryopreservation of tissues, tissue functionality must be maintained including physical properties such as mechanical, optical, and transport properties, as well as cellular viability. Such properties are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) microstructure. Thus, the preservation of the ECM microstructure may lead to successful cryopreservation [1,2]. Yet, there is still very little known about changes in the ECM microstructure during freezing/thawing.

Nanofibrous Scaffold Engineering Using Electrospinning

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4595-4603 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Murugan ◽  
Z. M. Huang ◽  
F. Yang ◽  
S. Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Fibrous Scaffold

Scaffold plays a critical role in tissue engineering where it provides necessary structural support for the cells to accommodate and to guide their growth in the three dimensional space into a specific tissue. Therefore, engineering scaffolds favorable for cell/tissue growth is of great importance and a pre-requisite for scaffold-based tissue engineering. Electrospinning is a versatile method that has been recently adapted in engineering nano-fibrous scaffolds that mimic the structural features of biological extracellular matrix (ECM). It offers many advantages over conventional scaffold methodologies, for example, capable of producing ultra-fine fibers with high porosity, high spatial orientation, high aspect ratio, and high surface area, which are highly required for the initial cell attachment, tissue formation, and continued function. Considering these astonishing merits, this article emphasis on nano-fibrous scaffold engineering by electrospinning.

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