scholarly journals Which Biological Properties of Heart Valves Are Relevant to Tissue Engineering?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H. Chester ◽  
K. Jane Grande-Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Biological Properties

scholarly journals Insights into the Role of Biopolymer Aerogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Esam Bashir Yahya ◽  
A. A. Amirul ◽  
Abdul Khalil H.P.S. ◽  
Niyi Gideon Olaiya ◽  
Muhammad Omer Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Tissue Scaffolding

The global transplantation market size was valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 11.5% over the forecast period. The increasing demand for tissue transplantation has inspired researchers to find alternative approaches for making artificial tissues and organs function. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of biopolymers and the attractive structural characteristics of aerogels such as extremely high porosity, ultra low-density, and high surface area make combining these materials of great interest in tissue scaffolding and regenerative medicine applications. Numerous biopolymer aerogel scaffolds have been used to regenerate skin, cartilage, bone, and even heart valves and blood vessels by growing desired cells together with the growth factor in tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on the principle of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and the role of biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in this field, going through the properties and the desirable characteristics of biopolymers and biopolymer tissue scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The recent advances of using biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in the regeneration of skin, cartilage, bone, and heart valves are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we highlight the main challenges of biopolymer-based scaffolds and the prospects of using these materials in regenerative medicine.

PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffold incorporating simvastatin: a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Beatriz Sordi ◽  
Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz ◽  
Águedo Aragones ◽  
Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro ◽  
Ricardo de Souza Magini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Porosity Analysis ◽  
Biphasic Ceramic

The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate degradation and biocompatibility of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite / β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA/βTCP) scaffolds incorporating simvastatin (SIM) to verify if this biomaterial might be promising for bone tissue engineering. Samples were obtained by the solvent evaporation technique. Biphasic ceramic particles (70% HA, 30% βTCP) were added to PLGA in a ratio of 1:1. Samples with SIM received 1% (m:m) of this medication. Scaffolds were synthesized in a cylindric-shape and sterilized by ethylene oxide. For degradation analysis, samples were immersed in PBS at 37 °C under constant stirring for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Non-degraded samples were taken as reference. Mass variation, scanning electron microscopy, porosity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry were performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties. Wettability and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility. Microscopic images revealed the presence of macro, meso, and micropores in the polymer structure with HA/βTCP particles homogeneously dispersed. Chemical and thermal analyses presented very similar results for both PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM. The incorporation of simvastatin improved the hydrophilicity of scaffolds. Additionally, PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM scaffolds were biocompatible for osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffolds incorporating simvastatin presented adequate structural, chemical, thermal, and biological properties for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Polymeric Biomaterials for the Treatment of Cardiac Post-Infarction Injuries

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Sonia Trombino ◽  
Federica Curcio ◽  
Roberta Cassano ◽  
Manuela Curcio ◽  
Giuseppe Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Polymeric Biomaterials

Cardiac regeneration aims to reconstruct the heart contractile mass, preventing the organ from a progressive functional deterioration, by delivering pro-regenerative cells, drugs, or growth factors to the site of injury. In recent years, scientific research focused the attention on tissue engineering for the regeneration of cardiac infarct tissue, and biomaterials able to anatomically and physiologically adapt to the heart muscle have been proposed as valuable tools for this purpose, providing the cells with the stimuli necessary to initiate a complete regenerative process. An ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue regeneration should have a positive influence on the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of tissues and cells; perfectly reflect the morphology and functionality of the native myocardium; and be mechanically stable, with a suitable thickness. Among others, engineered hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric systems made from synthetic and natural biomaterials, have attracted much interest for cardiac post-infarction therapy. In addition, biocompatible nanosystems, and polymeric nanoparticles in particular, have been explored in preclinical studies as drug delivery and tissue engineering platforms for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review focused on the most employed natural and synthetic biomaterials in cardiac regeneration, paying particular attention to the contribution of Italian research groups in this field, the fabrication techniques, and the current status of the clinical trials.

scholarly journals Bioactive potential of natural biomaterials: identification, retention and assessment of biological properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Joyce ◽  
Georgina Targa Fabra ◽  
Yagmur Bozkurt ◽  
Abhay Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Drug Delivery Device ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioactive Potential

AbstractBiomaterials have had an increasingly important role in recent decades, in biomedical device design and the development of tissue engineering solutions for cell delivery, drug delivery, device integration, tissue replacement, and more. There is an increasing trend in tissue engineering to use natural substrates, such as macromolecules native to plants and animals to improve the biocompatibility and biodegradability of delivered materials. At the same time, these materials have favourable mechanical properties and often considered to be biologically inert. More importantly, these macromolecules possess innate functions and properties due to their unique chemical composition and structure, which increase their bioactivity and therapeutic potential in a wide range of applications. While much focus has been on integrating these materials into these devices via a spectrum of cross-linking mechanisms, little attention is drawn to residual bioactivity that is often hampered during isolation, purification, and production processes. Herein, we discuss methods of initial material characterisation to determine innate bioactivity, means of material processing including cross-linking, decellularisation, and purification techniques and finally, a biological assessment of retained bioactivity of a final product. This review aims to address considerations for biomaterials design from natural polymers, through the optimisation and preservation of bioactive components that maximise the inherent bioactive potency of the substrate to promote tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Tissue Engineering and Cell Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6929
Author(s):  
Ewin Tanzli ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Surface Morphologies

In biotechnology, the field of cell cultivation is highly relevant. Cultivated cells can be used, for example, for the development of biopharmaceuticals and in tissue engineering. Commonly, mammalian cells are grown in bioreactors, T-flasks, well plates, etc., without a specific substrate. Nanofibrous mats, however, have been reported to promote cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation. Here, we give an overview of the different attempts at cultivating mammalian cells on electrospun nanofiber mats for biotechnological and biomedical purposes. Starting with a brief overview of the different electrospinning methods, resulting in random or defined fiber orientations in the nanofiber mats, we describe the typical materials used in cell growth applications in biotechnology and tissue engineering. The influence of using different surface morphologies and polymers or polymer blends on the possible application of such nanofiber mats for tissue engineering and other biotechnological applications is discussed. Polymer blends, in particular, can often be used to reach the required combination of mechanical and biological properties, making such nanofiber mats highly suitable for tissue engineering and other biotechnological or biomedical cell growth applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Influence of 45S5 and Cu-Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass (BG) on the Biological Properties of Novel Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/BG Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schuhladen ◽  
Barbara Lukasiewicz ◽  
Pooja Basnett ◽  
Ipsita Roy ◽  
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hard Tissue Engineering

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), due to their biodegradable and biocompatible nature and their ability to be formed in complex structures, are excellent candidates for fabricating scaffolds used in tissue engineering. By introducing inorganic compounds, such as bioactive glasses (BGs), the bioactive properties of PHAs can be further improved. In addition to their outstanding bioactivity, BGs can be additionally doped with biological ions, which in turn extend the functionality of the BG-PHA composite. Here, different PHAs were combined with 45S5 BG, which was additionally doped with copper in order to introduce antibacterial and angiogenic properties. The resulting composite was used to produce scaffolds by the salt leaching technique. By performing indirect cell biology tests using stromal cells, a dose-depending effect of the dissolution products released from the BG-PHA scaffolds could be found. In low concentrations, no toxic effect was found. Moreover, in higher concentrations, a minor reduction of cell viability combined with a major increase in VEGF release was measured. This result indicates that the fabricated composite scaffolds are suitable candidates for applications in soft and hard tissue engineering. However, more in-depth studies are necessary to fully understand the release kinetics and the resulting long-term effects of the BG-PHA composites.

Hybrid nanostructured hydroxyapatite–chitosan composite scaffold: bioinspired fabrication, mechanical properties and biological properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (23) ◽  
pp. 4679-4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Guo ◽  
Jun-Jie Guan ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Chang-Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chitosan Composite

A bioinspired strategy has been developed to fabricate a hybrid nanostructured hydroxyapatite–chitosan composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Additive manufacturing of PLA-based scaffolds intended for bone regeneration and strategies to improve their biological properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-599
Author(s):  
Ricardo Donate ◽  
Mario Monzón ◽  
María Elena Alemán-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Regeneration Of Bone

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the different techniques that are feasible to process this biomaterial, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention recently, as it provides the possibility of tuning the design of the structures. This flexibility in the design stage allows the customization of the parts in order to optimize their use in the tissue engineering field. In the recent years, the application of PLA for the manufacture of bone scaffolds has been especially relevant, since numerous studies have proven the potential of this biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review contains a description of the specific requirements in the regeneration of bone and how the state of the art have tried to address them with different strategies to develop PLA-based scaffolds by AM techniques and with improved biofunctionality.

scholarly journals Influences of Molecular Weights on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Collagen-Alginate Scaffolds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truc Cong Ho ◽  
Jin-Seok Park ◽  
Sung-Yeoul Kim ◽  
Hoyeol Lee ◽  
Ju-Sop Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Molecular Weights

For tissue engineering applications, biodegradable scaffolds containing high molecular weights (MW) of collagen and sodium alginate have been developed and characterized. However, the properties of low MW collagen-based scaffolds have not been studied in previous research. This work examined the distinctive properties of low MW collagen-based scaffolds with alginate unmodified and modified by subcritical water. Besides, we developed a facile method to cross-link water-soluble scaffolds using glutaraldehyde in an aqueous ethanol solution. The prepared cross-linked scaffolds showed good structural properties with high porosity (~93%) and high cross-linking degree (50–60%). Compared with collagen (6000 Da)-based scaffolds, collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds exhibited higher stability against collagenase degradation and lower weight loss in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate tended to improve antioxidant capacity compared with scaffolds containing unmodified alginate. Interestingly, in vitro coagulant activity assay demonstrated that collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate (C25-A63 and C25-A21) significantly reduced the clotting time of human plasma compared with scaffolds consisting of unmodified alginate. Although some further investigations need to be done, collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate should be considered as a potential candidate for tissue engineering applications.

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