scholarly journals Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Yao Fu ◽  
Bram Zoetebier ◽  
Sanne Both ◽  
Pieter J. Dijkstra ◽  
Marcel Karperien
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Injectable Scaffolds ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Promote Cell Survival ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal scaffold for cartilage regeneration is expected to provide adequate mechanical strength, controlled degradability, adhesion, and integration with the surrounding native tissue. As it does this, it mimics natural ECMs functions, which allow for nutrient diffusion and promote cell survival and differentiation. Injectable hydrogels based on tyramine (TA)-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA) and dextran (Dex) are a promising approach for cartilage regeneration. The properties of the hydrogels used in this study were adjusted by varying polymer concentrations and ratios. To investigate the changes in properties and their effects on cellular behavior and cartilage matrix formation, different ratios of HA- and dextran-based hybrid hydrogels at both 5 and 10% w/v were prepared using a designed mold to control generation. The results indicated that the incorporation of chondrocytes in the hydrogels decreased their mechanical properties. However, rheological and compression analysis indicated that 5% w/v hydrogels laden with cells exhibit a significant increase in mechanical properties after 21 days when the constructs are cultured in a chondrogenic differentiation medium. Moreover, compared to the 10% w/v hydrogels, the 5% w/v hybrid hydrogels increased the deposition of the cartilage matrix, especially in constructs with a higher Dex–TA content. These results indicated that 5% w/v hybrid hydrogels with 25% HA–TA and 75% Dex–TA have a high potential as injectable scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals An in situ Gelling BMSC-laden Collagen/Silk Fibroin Double Network Hydrogel for Cartilage Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajie Zhang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Renjun Pei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
In Situ Gelling

Collagen (Col)-based injectable hydrogels are desirable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. However, fabrication of Col-based injectable hydrogels with short gelation times, good biocompatibility and high mechanical properties still faces great...

scholarly journals A Collagen-Mimetic Organic-Inorganic Hydrogel for Cartilage Engineering

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Laurine Valot ◽  
Marie Maumus ◽  
Luc Brunel ◽  
Jean Martinez ◽  
Muriel Amblard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Cartilage Engineering ◽  
Functional Peptides

Promising strategies for cartilage regeneration rely on the encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a hydrogel followed by an injection into the injured joint. Preclinical and clinical data using MSCs embedded in a collagen gel have demonstrated improvements in patients with focal lesions and osteoarthritis. However, an improvement is often observed in the short or medium term due to the loss of the chondrocyte capacity to produce the correct extracellular matrix and to respond to mechanical stimulation. Developing novel biomimetic materials with better chondroconductive and mechanical properties is still a challenge for cartilage engineering. Herein, we have designed a biomimetic chemical hydrogel based on silylated collagen-mimetic synthetic peptides having the ability to encapsulate MSCs using a biorthogonal sol-gel cross-linking reaction. By tuning the hydrogel composition using both mono- and bi-functional peptides, we succeeded in improving its mechanical properties, yielding a more elastic scaffold and achieving the survival of embedded MSCs for 21 days as well as the up-regulation of chondrocyte markers. This biomimetic long-standing hybrid hydrogel is of interest as a synthetic and modular scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.

Repair of Osteochondral Defects With Predifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Distinct Phenotypic Character Derived From a Nanotopographic Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1735-1747
Author(s):  
Yingnan Wu ◽  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Vinitha Denslin ◽  
XiaFei Ren ◽  
Chang Sheng Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Defect Site

Background: Articular cartilage has a zonal architecture and biphasic mechanical properties. The recapitulation of surface lubrication properties with high compressibility of the deeper layers of articular cartilage during regeneration is essential in achieving long-term cartilage integrity. Current clinical approaches for cartilage repair, especially with the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have yet to restore the hierarchically organized architecture of articular cartilage. Hypothesis: MSCs predifferentiated on surfaces with specific nanotopographic patterns can provide phenotypically stable and defined chondrogenic cells and, when delivered as a bilayered stratified construct at the cartilage defect site, will facilitate the formation of functionally superior cartilage tissue in vivo. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: MSCs were subjected to chondrogenic differentiation on specific nanopatterned surfaces. The phenotype of the differentiated cells was assessed by the expression of cartilage markers. The ability of the 2-dimensional nanopattern-generated chondrogenic cells to retain their phenotypic characteristics after removal from the patterned surface was tested by subjecting the enzymatically harvested cells to 3-dimensional fibrin hydrogel culture. The in vivo efficacy in cartilage repair was demonstrated in an osteochondral rabbit defect model. Repair by bilayered construct with specific nanopattern predifferentiated cells was compared with implantation with cell-free fibrin hydrogel, undifferentiated MSCs, and mixed-phenotype nanopattern predifferentiated MSCs. Cartilage repair was evaluated at 12 weeks after implantation. Results: Three weeks of predifferentiation on 2-dimensional nanotopographic patterns was able to generate phenotypically stable chondrogenic cells. Implantation of nanopatterned differentiated MSCs as stratified bilayered hydrogel constructs improved the repair quality of cartilage defects, as indicated by histological scoring, mechanical properties, and polarized microscopy analysis. Conclusion: Our results indicate that with an appropriate period of differentiation, 2-dimensional nanotopographic patterns can be employed to generate phenotypically stable chondrogenic cells, which, when implanted as stratified bilayered hydrogel constructs, were able to form functionally superior cartilage tissue. Clinical Relevance: Our approach provides a relatively straightforward method of obtaining large quantities of zone-specific chondrocytes from MSCs to engineer a stratified cartilage construct that could recapitulate the zonal architecture of hyaline cartilage, and it represents a significant improvement in current MSC-based cartilage regeneration.

scholarly journals Optimal mechanical properties of a scaffold for cartilage regeneration using finite element analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204173141983213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Gon Koh ◽  
Jin-Ah Lee ◽  
Yong Sang Kim ◽  
Hwa Yong Lee ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Regulation Theory ◽  
Régulation Theory ◽  
Specific Loading

The development of successful scaffolds for bone tissue engineering requires concurrent engineering that combines different research fields. In previous studies, phenomenological computational models predicted the mechanical properties of a scaffold in a simple loading condition using the mechano-regulation theory. Therefore, the aim of this study is to predict the mechanical properties of an optimum scaffold required for cartilage regeneration using three-dimensional knee joint developed from medical imaging and mechano-regulation theory. It was predicted that the scaffold with optimal mechanical properties would result in greater amounts of cartilage tissue formation than without a scaffold. The results demonstrated the ability of the algorithms to design optimized scaffolds with target properties and confirmed the applicability of set techniques for bone tissue engineering. The scaffolds were optimized to suit the site-specific loading requirements, and the results reveal a new approach for computational simulations in tissue engineering.

A Self-assembled, Drug-deliverable Nanomaterial for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Chen ◽  
Hicham Fenniri ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Self Assembled

AbstractThe current clinical treatment of cartilage defects involves autologous chondrocyte implantation into cartilage defect sites. However, one of the complications associated with this method is the lack of bonding between the implanted materials and natural tissue. Helical rosette nanotubes (HRNs) are novel biomimetic self-assembled supramolecular structures whose basic building blocks are DNA base-pairs. HRNs are similar in size to collagen in cartilage. Moreover, previous studies have shown that HRNs are biocompatible and increase the adhesion of numerous cells compared to other commonly used cartilage implant materials (like hydrogels and Ti). In addition, HRNs can solidify into a viscous gel at body temperatures under short periods of time. Thus, it is hoped that HRNs can serve as a novel in situ tissue implant to improve cartilage cell adhesion and functions. In this study, in order to heal cartilage rupture and regenerate cartilage during possible implantation, the mechanical properties of select hydrogel/HRN composites were tested. In addition, electro-spinning was used to generate three-dimensional, implantable, composite fibers encapsulated with chondrocytes and fibroblast-like type-B synoviocytes (SFB cells, a type of mesenchymal stem cell). Importantly, results showed that drug-delivered HRNs enhanced hydrogel adhesive strength and created a scaffold with nanometer-rough surface structures pertinent for cartilage regeneration. In this manner, this study provided an alternative cartilage regenerative material which relies on nanotechnology that can be injected as a liquid, solidify at body temperatures under short periods of time, have suitable mechanical properties to collagen, and promote cell functions.

The Effect of Crosslinking Agents on the Properties of Type II Collagen Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Maria-Minodora Marin ◽  
Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya ◽  
George Mihail Vlasceanu ◽  
Jana Ghitman ◽  
Ionut Cristian Radu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Type II collagen has been perceived as the indispensable element and plays a crucial role in cartilage tissue engineering. Thus, materials based on type II collagen have drawn farther attention in both academic and research for developing new systems for the cartilage regeneration. The disadvantage of using type II collagen as a biomaterial for tissue repairing is its reduced biomechanical properties. This can be solved by physical, enzymatic or chemical cross-linking processes, which provide biomaterials with the required mechanical properties for medical applications. To enhance type II collagen properties, crosslinked collagen scaffolds with different cross-linking agents were prepared by freeze-drying technique. The present research work studied the synthesis of type II collagen biomaterials with and without crosslinking agents. Scaffolds morphology was observed by MicroCT, showing in all cases an appropriate microstructure for biological applications, and the mechanical studies were performed using compressive tests. DSC showed an increase in denaturation temperature with an increase in cross-linking agent concentration. FTIR suggested that the secondary structure of collagen is not affected after the cross-linking; supplementary, to confirm the characteristic triple-helix conformation of collagen, the CD investigation was performed. The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of type II collagen were improved by cross-linking treatments.

Polypyrrole/PU hybrid hydrogels: electrically conductive and fast self-healing for the potential application in body-monitor sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanyu Jia ◽  
Guangyao Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
shouhua Su ◽  
Jie Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Sensor Application ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Health Monitor

Conductivity, self-healing and moderate mechanical properties are necessary for multifunctional hydrogels which have great potential in health-monitor sensor application. However, the combination of electrical conductivity, self-healing and good mechanical properties...

scholarly journals Cell Source-Dependent In Vitro Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Established from Bone Marrow and Synovial Fluid of Camelus dromedarius

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Young-Bum Son ◽  
Yeon Ik Jeong ◽  
Yeon Woo Jeong ◽  
Mohammad Shamim Hossein ◽  
Per Olof Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Chondrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Proliferation Capacity

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising multipotent cells with applications for cartilage tissue regeneration in stem cell-based therapies. In cartilage regeneration, both bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) are valuable sources. However, the cellular characteristics and chondrocyte differentiation potential were not reported in either of the camel stem cells. The in vitro chondrocyte differentiation competence of MSCs, from (BM and SF) sources of the same Camelus dromedaries (camel) donor, was determined. Both MSCs were evaluated on pluripotent markers and proliferation capacity. After passage three, both MSCs showed fibroblast-like morphology. The proliferation capacity was significantly increased in SF-MSCs compared to BM-MSCs. Furthermore, SF-MSCs showed an enhanced expression of transcription factors than BM-MSCs. SF-MSCs exhibited lower differentiation potential toward adipocytes than BM-MSCs. However, the osteoblast differentiation potential was similar in MSCs from both sources. Chondrogenic pellets obtained from SF-MSCs revealed higher levels of chondrocyte-specific markers than those from BM-MSCs. Additionally, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was elevated in SF-MSCs related to BM-MSCs. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to establish BM-MSCs and SF-MSCs from the same donor and to demonstrate in vitro differentiation potential into chondrocytes in camels.

scholarly journals A Novel Textile Stitch-Based Strain Sensor for Wearable End Users

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orathai Tangsirinaruenart ◽  
George Stylios
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Heart Monitoring ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Ideal

This research presents an investigation of novel textile-based strain sensors and evaluates their performance. The electrical resistance and mechanical properties of seven different textile sensors were measured. The sensors are made up of a conductive thread, composed of silver plated nylon 117/17 2-ply, 33 tex and 234/34 4-ply, 92 tex and formed in different stitch structures (304, 406, 506, 605), and sewn directly onto a knit fabric substrate (4.44 tex/2 ply, with 2.22, 4.44 and 7.78 tex spandex and 7.78 tex/2 ply, with 2.22 and 4.44 tex spandex). Analysis of the effects of elongation with respect to resistance indicated the ideal configuration for electrical properties, especially electrical sensitivity and repeatability. The optimum linear working range of the sensor with minimal hysteresis was found, and the sensor’s gauge factor indicated that the sensitivity of the sensor varied significantly with repeating cycles. The electrical resistance of the various stitch structures changed significantly, while the amount of drift remained negligible. Stitch 304 2-ply was found to be the most suitable for strain movement. This sensor has a wide working range, well past 50%, and linearity (R2 is 0.984), low hysteresis (6.25% ΔR), good gauge factor (1.61), and baseline resistance (125 Ω), as well as good repeatability (drift in R2 is −0.0073). The stitch-based sensor developed in this research is expected to find applications in garments as wearables for physiological wellbeing monitoring such as body movement, heart monitoring, and limb articulation measurement.

scholarly journals A Useful Combination of Quantitative Ultrashort Echo Time MR Imaging and a Probing Device for Biomechanical Evaluation of Articular Cartilage

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Takehito Hananouchi ◽  
Yanjun Chen ◽  
Saeed Jerban ◽  
Masaru Teramoto ◽  
Yajun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Echo Time

In this study, we combined quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and an investigation by a probing device with tri-axial force sensor to seek correlations with mechanical properties of human patellar cartilage for in situ evaluation of biomechanical properties. Cartilage blocks (15 × 20 × 5 mm3) were dissected from the patella of six donors; 5 mm square regions of interest from the cartilage blocks were imaged using UTE-MR imaging sequences (T2* and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)), and mechanical properties were measured using a micro indentation device. Then, the vertical reaction force on the cartilage surface was measured while push-probing forward 3 mm with the probing device at a 30° tilt to the horizontal plane. The results showed a positive correlation between stiffness/elastic modulus and each predictor variable (UTE-T2* (r = 0.240 and 0.255, respectively, UTE-MTR (r = 0.378 and 0.379, respectively), and probing device force (r = 0.426 and 0.423, respectively). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed the combination of the three predictors had stronger correlation (adjusted r2 = 0.314 (stiffness), 0.323 (elastic), respectively). Our results demonstrate the potential for these non- and less- invasive methods for in situ evaluation of the mechanical properties of cartilage tissue.

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