scholarly journals Fully Bio-Based Thermosetting Polyurethanes from Bio-Based Polyols and Isocyanates

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Roberto Morales-Cerrada ◽  
Romain Tavernier ◽  
Sylvain Caillol
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Gel Content ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers

The trend towards the utilization of bioresources for the manufacturing of polymers has led industry players to bring to the market new monomers. In this work, we studied 3 polyisocyanates and 2 polyols with high renewable carbon contents, namely L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (LDI), pentamethylene-diisocyanate (PDI) isocyanurate trimer, and hexamethylene-diisocyanate (HDI) allophanate as the isocyanates, as well as castor oil and polypropanediol as the polyols. These monomers are commercially available at a large scale and were used in direct formulations or used as prepolymers. Thermosetting polymers with Tg values ranging from −41 to +21 °C and thermal stabilities of up to 300 °C were obtained, and the polymerization was studied using NMR, DSC, and rheology. Cured materials were also characterized using FTIR, DMA, gel content, and swelling index determinations. These high bio-based content materials can successfully be obtained and could be used as alternatives to petro-based materials.

Soybean- and castor-oil-based thermosetting polymers: Mechanical properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Can ◽  
R. P. Wool ◽  
S. Küsefoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers

scholarly journals Synthesis, Purification, and Quantification of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters After trans-Esterification of Large Batches of Tobacco Seed Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani ◽  
William Monroe Coleman ◽  
Michael Francis Dube ◽  
Giorgis Isaac ◽  
Larry Thomas Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Tobacco Seed

SummaryThe goal of the study was to quantify fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE’s) produced from two large batches of tobacco seed oil after trans-esterification by heating in ethanol with sulfuric acid catalyst. Purification of the combined ethyl ester reaction products by removing as much of the color and odor from the final product as possible was achieved via conventional column chromatography with amorphous silica and tandem elution of first hexane and then ethyl alcohol as the mobile phase. Gas chromatography was used to quantify specific FAEE’s in the purified material. Recovery of pure FAEE's in batch #1 was near 87%; while, recovery of FAEE’s in batch #2 was greater than 89% with mass yields greater than 400 g of ethyl esters per esterification trial. The FAEE’s possessed no detectable aroma and only a slight yellow color after this chromatographic treatment. Supercritical fluid chromatography with a mobile phase of methanol/acetonitrile modified carbon dioxide and an octadecyl bonded silica stationary phase were used to characterize the purity of each batch of fatty acid ethyl ester product. No free fatty acids nor glycerolrelated impurities were detected in the purified transesterified product.This is the first report describing the optimized trans-esterification of tobacco seed oil on a relatively large scale coupled with subsequent purification and isolation of the resultant ethyl esters. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015) 205-213]

scholarly journals The Influence of Neem Oil and Its Glyceride on the Structure and Characterization of Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Foam

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Yi-Han Liao ◽  
You-Lin Su ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Solvent Resistance ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Pu Foams

Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil is a non-edible oil that contains azadirachtin, which can be used as a biopesticide. This study synthesizes bio-based polyurethane (PU) foam from neem and castor (Ricinus communis L.) oil at normal temperature and pressure. Neem oil can be reacted to narrow-distribution polyol by transesterification of oil and glycerol. Neem oil glyceride (NOG) can be used as polyol for bio-based PU foams and can be blended with castor oil homogeneously to reduce the cost of production. The composition of polyol was castor oil and 0 to 20% molar ratios of NOG. Hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (Desmodur N) was used as isocyanate. The molar ratios of NCO/OH were set as 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The average hydroxyl contents of castor oil, neem oil and NOG were 2.7 mmol/g, 0.1 mmol/g and 5.1 mmol/g, respectively. The reaction time of bio-based PU foam could be adjusted between 5 to 10 min, which is acceptable for manufacturing. The densities of PU foams were between 49.7 and 116.2 kg/m3 and decreased with increasing NCO/OH and NOG ratios and decreasing neem oil. The ranges of specific compressive strength of foams were from 0.0056 to 0.0795 kPa·m3/kg. Increasing the NOG and neem oil ratio significantly enhanced the specific compressive strength in the low NCO/OH ratio. The solvent resistance and thermogravimetric (TG) results showed that the foams have high water and thermal stability. NOG can help to increase solvent resistance. Adding neem oil reduces the solvent resistance. The results indicated that increasing NCO/OH and NOG ratios increases the cross-linking density and hard segment content of PU foams. This investigation demonstrated that castor oil-based PU foams are improved by adding NOG to the polyol mixture. PU foam has excellent properties. Neem oil can be used in manufacturing processes to produce high-performance foams via a green synthesis process.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from Mixed Waste Cooking and Castor Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto ◽  
Inaya Yuliandaru ◽  
Rafidha Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Energy Increase ◽  
Mixed Oil

Due to increasing population growth, the consumption and needs of energy increase significantly. This leads Indonesia government to search alternative energy to cover the lacks of fossil energy reserves. Biodiesel is one of the prospective alternative energy which are renewable and environmental friendly. A common problem in large-scale biodiesel production is the sustainability of feedstock and the biodiesel stability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of biodiesel from two oil sources i.e. waste cooking oil and castor oil. This study examined the effect of mixed oil ratio on yield, biodiesel characteristics and stability. The physical properties included kinematic viscosity, acid number, saponification number, iodine number and cetane number have been evaluated as function of oil ratio. Yield of biodiesel was obtained at 35.07%, 99.2% and 83.69% for jatropha:castor oil ratio of 1: 0, 1: 2 and 2: 1, respectively. Most of these characteristics showed an increase by increasing the oil ratio. The result concluded that at the ratio of 1:1(v/v) was the best characteristic and stability.

Vapor Pressure Data of Soybean Oil, Castor Oil, and Their Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Derivatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Papa M. Ndiaye ◽  
Frederico W. Tavares ◽  
Irede Dalmolin ◽  
Cláudio Dariva ◽  
Débora Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Vapor Pressure Data
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