scholarly journals Oversized Planer Shavings for the Core Layer of Lightweight Particleboard

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Jakob Gößwald ◽  
Marius Cătălin Barbu ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Eugenia Mariana Tudor
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Low Density ◽  
The Core ◽  
Adhesive Application

Planer shavings (PS) are side-products generated during the processing of solid wood, typically used for heating, packaging, or insulation purposes. PS has been used for decades in particleboard manufacture, particularly in the core layer. The aim of this research is to investigate the use of PS with a length over 4 mm in low-density one-layer particleboard manufacturing with a thickness of 10 mm, as an option to reduce the raw material demand for wood-based panels. Correlations towards the mechanical properties of the particleboards, fabricated at a density of 475 kg/m3, could be drawn by analyzing the effects of different urea-formaldehyde adhesive contents (6%, 9%, and 12%). Two methods of adhesive application (pouring and spraying) and two types of blending of PS with adhesive (plowshare mixer and drum mixer) were investigated, with the aim that PS will have controlled resin application. The difference between the adhesive application methods was examined by analyzing the mechanical properties as an internal bond, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity as well as indirectly by visualizing the adhesive distribution by adding a green pigment to the adhesive before application. PS demonstrated reduced bending properties in comparison with the EN 312 standard requirements of particleboards for internal use in dry conditions (type P2), due to the low density. The internal bond strength in the case of the particleboard without pigment application (up to 0.5 N/mm2) was higher compared to the P2 requirements (0.4 N/mm2), and significantly lower (0.15 N/mm2) in combination with the pigment (2.5% based on the board weight, compared to 0.1%, specific for such industry applications), but still superior to the values of the reference panel manufactured with wood particles.

scholarly journals Particleboards from Recycled Thermally Modified Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Zuzana Vidholdová ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

In recent years, the production and consumption of thermally modified wood (TMW) has been increasing. Offcuts and other waste generated during TMWs processing into products, as well as already disposed products based on TMWs can be an input recycled raw material for production of particleboards (PBs). In a laboratory, 16 mm thick 3-layer PBs bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin were produced at 5.8 MPa, 240 °C and 8 s pressing factor. In PBs, the particles from fresh spruce wood and mixed particles from offcuts of pine, beech, and ash TMWs were combined in weight ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 50:50 and 0:100. Thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of PBs decreased with increased portion of TMW particles, i.e., TS after 24 h maximally about 72.3% and WA after 24 h maximally about 64%. However, mechanical properties of PBs worsened proportionally with a higher content of recycled TMW—apparently, the modulus of rupture (MOR) up to 55.5% and internal bond (IB) up to 46.2%, while negative effect of TMW particles on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was milder. Decay resistance of PBs to the brown-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Schumacher ex Fries) S.F.Gray increased if they contained TMW particles, maximally about 45%, while the mould resistance of PBs containing TMW particles improved only in the first days of test. In summary, the recycled TMW particles can improve the decay and water resistance of PBs exposed to higher humidity environment. However, worsening of their mechanical properties could appear, as well.

scholarly journals EMBALAGENS CARTONADAS COMO MATÉRIA-PRIMA NA FABRICAÇÃO DE COMPÓSITOS

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Talita Baldin ◽  
Maiara Talgatti ◽  
Amanda Grassamann da Silveira ◽  
Bruna Gabrieli Resner ◽  
Elio José Santini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Waste Particles

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de uso de partículas de resíduos de embalagens cartonadas e partículas de Eucalyptus grandis para a fabricação de compósitos, colados com adesivo à base de ureia-formaldeído. Foram utilizadas cinco diferentes proporções de madeira de E. grandis e embalagens cartonadas. As partículas de madeira e embalagens cartonadas foram produzidas em laboratório. A avaliação da qualidade dos compósitos envolveu a caracterização da geometria das partículas, das propriedades físicas: massa específica básica, teor de umidade de equilíbrio, absorção de água e inchamento em espessura após 2 e 24 horas de imersão em água e das propriedades mecânicas: flexão estática (MOE e MOR), resistência ao arrancamento de parafuso, ligação interna e dureza Janka. A incorporação de partículas de embalagens cartonadas proporcionou uma melhoria nas propriedades físicas em relação aos compósitos puros de madeira. Já para as propriedades mecânicas, compósitos com até 50% de embalagens cartonadas obtiveram melhores resultados, no entanto, a incorporação a partir de 75% ocasionou decadência nessas propriedades. Compósitos de madeira de E. grandis e embalagens cartonadas apresentaram potencial para utilização em ambientes internos e podem ser uma alternativa para a produção de compósitos sustentáveis e de boa qualidade.Palavra-chave: materiais sustentáveis, propriedades físicas e mecânicas, ureia-formaldeído. CARTONBOARD PACKAGING AS A RAW MATERIAL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITES ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential waste particles use of carton packaging and particles of E. grandis for the manufacture of particle boards, bonded with urea-formaldehyde-based adhesive. Five different proportions of E. grandis wood and cartons have been used. The wood particles and cartons were produced in the laboratory. The quality assessment panels involved characterizing the geometry of the particles, the physical properties: specific gravity, equilibrium moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of immersion in water and mechanical properties: flexural static (MOR and MOE), resistance to screw pullout, internal bond and Janka hardness. The incorporation of particulate cartons provided an improvement in physical properties relative to pure wood panels. As for the mechanical properties, panels of up to 50 % of cartons obtained best results, however, incorporating from 75 % decay caused these properties. The wood particleboard of E. grandis and cartons showed potential for use indoors and become an alternative for producing sustainable panels and of good quality.Keywords: sustainable materials, physical-mechanical properties; urea-formaldehyde. DOI:

Adaptive harmony search algorithm for mechanical performance optimization of properties of particleboard from cotton stalk

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095287
Author(s):  
Morteza Nazerian ◽  
Behrooz Keshtegar ◽  
Zahra Beyki ◽  
Ali Partovinia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Input Variables

In this study, the optimum conditions for manufacturing particleboard-based waste cotton stalks were evaluated to achieve a good performance of mechanical properties. The response surface methodology (RSM) is used to calibrate the experiment results based on input variables consisting of the weight ratio of melamine formaldehyde to urea-formaldehyde (MU) resins, shelling ratio (SR), and the proportion of cotton particles to poplar particle (CP) in the core layer. An adaptive harmony search (AHS) algorithm is offered to search the optimum constructing conditions of mechanical properties for the composite particleboard using two optimization models. The optimum conditions are evaluated using maximum performance of mechanical properties. Besides, the optimum conditions are searched based on the material cost of the mechanical properties of composite particleboard that are utilized in its constraints. The results showed that the RSM can provide a perfect prediction for the mechanical properties of particleboard. The AHS is successfully applied to optimize the composite conditions. In the first optimization application, the optimal point is obtained for input variables in composite as 21.91% MU, 37.10% SR, and 13.54% CP. However, in the second condition, the optimum conditions are obtained for a good level as 18.32% MU, 51.71% SR, and 8.37% CP in the core layer.

The possibility of using bacterial cellulose in particleboard technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Wacikowski ◽  
Michał Michałowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Effective Growth

The possibility of using bacterial cellulose in particleboard technology. The paper presents the results of the influence of bacterial cellulose multiplication on industrial pine particles (used in wood materials technology), and then the use of the obtained biomass in the production of particleboards with reduced density LP1 type. Based on previous preliminary studies it was determined that the most effective growth of bacterial cellulose occurs using 5% wood particles in the breeding mixture. Two series of particleboards were produced: control and containing bacterial cellulose. Selected mechanical properties of produced particleboards (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) and selected physical properties (swelling and water absorption after 2 and 24 hours of soaking in water) were determined in turn. The boards made with bacterial cellulose had lower MOR and MOE values. Swelling after 2 and 24 hours was lower for boards with bacterial cellulose. The presented tests allow to state that bacterial cellulose can be a potential raw material ingredient in the production of particleboard while meeting the minimum requirements of the technical specification for boards with reduced density LP1.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI FACE-CORE TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS ORIENTED STRAND BOARD DARI BAMBU DAN ECENG GONDOK

PERENNIAL ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Sahriyanti Saad ◽  
. Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture

The effect of particle composition made of bamboo and water hyacinth on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of resulted oriented strand boards (OSB) were investigated. Three layered boards were made from bamboo and water hyacinth in which bamboo strand was used as face/back layer and water hyacinth strand was used as core layer. The boards were manufactured using three levels of bamboo and water hyacinth compositions (50:50, 60:40 and 70:30) with 6 % isocyanate based on the strand oven dry weight. The results showed that dimensional stability of the OSB decreased with the increase of composition of water hyacinth strand on core layer. A higher composition of bamboo strand as face/back layer compared to water hyacinth strand resulted in increased modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength, but decreased the modulus of rupture. The bamboo and water hyacinth composition of 70:30 compositions showed better properties than other compositions. Key words: Bamboo, water hyacinth, composition, OSB

scholarly journals Suitability of Muli Bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) for Making Bamboo Mat Plywood

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
R Rana ◽  
MNH Khan ◽  
MI Shams
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Alternative Source

This paper investigated the potentiality of muli (Melocanna baccifera) for making bamboo mat plywood. Bamboo mat plywood with the length, width and thickness of 2.4 m × 1.2 m × 7 mm was made using liquid urea formaldehyde resin. The physical and mechanical properties of such plywood were compared with the existing market plywood. The average density of bamboo mat plywood was much higher compared to the existing market plywood. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of bamboo mat plywood was 3 times and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was 6 times higher compared to commercial (Bombax ceiba) plywood. Interestingly, the specific MOR and MOE were significantly higher than those of market plywood. The high strength values might be due to the long fiber length of the bamboo. Furthermore, the lamination of decorative thin garjan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) veneer did not significantly reduce mechanical properties of the products. Bamboo plywood mat as well as garjan laminated bamboo mat plywood showed better performance in respect to thickness swelling, linear expansion and water absorption. Hence, muli bamboo can be a potential alternative source of raw material for the manufacture of plywood materials. Key words: Bamboo mat plywood; Density; Dimensional stability; Modulus of elasticity; Modulus of rupture DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9605 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 543-548

Functionally Graded MDP Panels Using Bamboo Particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Teodoro ◽  
Joabel Raabe ◽  
Danillo Wisky Silva ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

MDP (medium density particleboard) panels are normally graded in composition along their cross-section, using low-size particles and high concentration of adhesive on the particleboard surface (leading to improved physical and mechanical properties), and high-size particles in the particleboard core (interior), which provide higher porosity. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of using different contents of bamboo particles in the particleboard core, on their physical and mechanical properties. The production of the panels was carried out using Pinusoocarpa (P) and Bambusavulgaris var. Vittata (B) particles in different contents (100% P, 100% B, 50% de B e 50% de P, 25% de B e 75% de P, 75% de B e 25% de P) in the core of the particleboards. The face of the particleboards were composed of P particles. The panels were produced with nominal density of 0.70 g/cm3, 40:60 face:core relation, 11% urea-formaldehyde adhesive in the faces and 8% adhesive for the core, specific pressure of 3.92 MPa, 160 °C temperature and pressing time of 8 min. After seasoning, the panels were submitted to evaluation of the thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) after 2 and 24 h of immersion, apparent density (AD), internal bonding (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) under static bending. There was no statistical difference between the treatments for AD, IB, MOR and MOE values. Panels produced with high contents of bamboo particles (100% B, 75% B e 50% B) in the core, presented the lower WA and TS values, leading to improved dimensional stability than panels with only pinus particles. The present results show the important impact of using functionally gradation and bamboo particles on the physical properties of the MDP panels produced.

scholarly journals Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain as a Potential Replacement of Wood in pMDI, UF or MUF Bonded Particleboard

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Marius Cătălin Barbu ◽  
Zeno Montecuccoli ◽  
Jakob Förg ◽  
Ulrike Barbeck ◽  
Petr Klímek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Bond ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽  
Beer Brewing ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Spent Grain

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the richest by-product (85%) of the beer-brewing industry, that can be upcycled in a plentiful of applications, from animal feed, bioethanol production or for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical, physical and structural properties of particleboard manufactured with a mixture of wood particles and BSG gradually added/replacement in 10%, 30% and 50%, glued with polymeric diisocyanate (pMDI), urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives. The density, internal bond, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, screw withdrawal resistance, thickness swelling and water absorption were tested. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy anaylsis was carried out to analyze the structure of the panels after the internal bond test. Overall, it was shown that the adding of BSG decreases the mechanical performance of particleboard, due to reduction of the bonding between wood and BSG particles. This decrease has been associated with the structural differences proven by SEM inspection. Interaction of particles with the adhesive is different for boards containing BSG compared to those made from wood. Nevertheless, decrease in the mechanical properties was not critical for particleboards produced with 10% BSG which could be potentially classified as a P2 type, this means application in non-load-bearing panel for interior use in dry conditions, with high dimensional stability and stiffness.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener.  Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

scholarly journals Selected properties of flat-pressed wood-polymer composites for high humidity conditions

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5141-5155
Author(s):  
Piotr Borysiuk ◽  
Jacek Wikowski ◽  
Krzysztof Krajewski ◽  
Radosław Auriga ◽  
Adrian Skomorucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Wood Polymer Composites ◽  
Wood Polymer Composite

This study investigated the possibility of applying flat-pressed wood-polymer composites in conditions of high humidity. The experiment involved three variants of wood-polymer composite panels 16 mm thick, and 680 kg per m3 density. The wood particles were bonded with polyethylene. The share of polyethylene in the core layer was fixed at 50%, while in the face layers the content was varied (40%, 50%, or 60%). The following parameters were examined: modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), screw holding (SH), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), susceptibility to drilling and milling, wettability and surface free energy, and resistance to mold. The results were compared to particleboard glued with urea-formaldehyde resin. The wood-polymer composite had lower MOR and MOE values and similar IB and SH values. The panels indicated a remarkably higher water resistance (lower TS and WA values) with good surface wettability and high resistance to mold fungi. Additionally, the composites were easier to machine, e.g. drilling or milling, in comparison to standard particleboards.

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