scholarly journals Influence of n-ZnO Morphology on Sulfur Crosslinking and Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Dariusz M. Bieliński ◽  
Katarzyna Klajn ◽  
Tomasz Gozdek ◽  
Rafał Kruszyński ◽  
Marcin Świątkowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Bet Equation

This paper examines the influence of the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (n-ZnO) on the activation energy, vulcanization parameters, crosslink density, crosslink structure, and mechanical properties in the extension of the sulfur vulcanizates of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the particle size distribution and morphology, whereas the specific surface area (SSA) and squalene wettability of the n-ZnO nanoparticles were adequately evaluated using the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) equation and tensiometry. The n-ZnO were then added to the SBR in conventional (CV) or efficient (EV) vulcanization systems. The vulcametric curves were plotted, from which the cure rate index (CRI) rate of the vulcanization and the activation energy were calculated. The influence on the mechanical properties of the SBR vulcanizates was stronger in the case of the EV curing system than when the CV curing system was used. Of the vulcanizates produced in the EV curing system, the best performance was detected for n-ZnO particles with a hybrid morphology (flat-ended rod-like particles on a “cauliflower” base) and high SSA. Vulcanizates produced using the CV curing system showed slightly better mechanical properties after the addition of nanoparticles with a “cauliflower” morphology than when the rod-like type were used, irrespective of their SSA. In general, nanoparticles with a rod-like structure reduced the activation energy and increased the speed of vulcanization, whereas the cauliflower type slowed the rate of the process and the vulcanizates required a higher activation energy, especially when using the EV system. The crosslink structures were also more clearly modified, as manifested by a reduction in the polysulfidic crosslink content, especially when n-ZnO activators with a rod-like morphology were applied.

Novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber/acrylic rubber blends to improve mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and swelling behavior for oil sealing applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110313
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Hakim ◽  
Soma A el-Mogy ◽  
Ahmed I Abou-Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Blending of rubber is an important route to modify properties of individual elastomeric components in order to obtain optimum chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is made by employing acrylic rubber (ACM) to obtain blends of outstanding mechanical, dynamic, and oil resistance properties. In order to achieve those properties, we used a unique vulcanizing system that improves the crosslink density between both polymers and enhances the dynamic mechanical properties as well as its resistance to both motor and break oils. Static mechanical measurements, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness are improved together with dynamic mechanical properties investigated using dynamic mechanical analyses. We also proposed a mechanism for the improvement of crosslink density and consequently oil resistance properties. This opens new opportunities for using SBR/ACM blends in oil sealing applications that requires rigorous mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties.

Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of NR/ SBR Blends Filled with Nano-sized CaCO3

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Chaoying Wan ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yin Zhu ◽  
Yinxi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Four kinds of nano-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) surface-modified with stearic acid, aluminate, titanate and aluminate-titanate complex coupling agents, were used to reinforce natural rubber (NR)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) blends. The effects of surface modification and CaCO3 content on the cure characteristics, swelling behaviour, and mechanical properties of NR/SBR blends were studied. The surface modification of CaCO3 improved the processing and mechanical properties, and the stearic acid coated CaCO3 (SA-CaCO3) had finer dispersion and produced a better reinforcement effect than the other modified CaCO3. Furthermore, a commercial high abrasion furnace carbon black (HAF) was used for comparison. The results showed that both CaCO3 and HAF increased the cure rate, reduced the optimum cure time and improved the mechanical properties of NR/SBR blends at appropriate filler contents. The tensile strength of filled NR/SBR composites reached its maximum value when the SA-CaCO3 content was 50 phr or the HAF content was 30 phr. The modulus at 200%, tear strength, and Shore A hardness of filled NR/SBR composites all increased with increasing filler content. The CaCO3 reinforced the NR/SBR blends to some extent, though it was still not as effective as HAF.

The Influence of Zinc Dimethacrylate on Crosslink Density, Physical Properties and Heat Aging Resistance of Sulfur Vulcanized Styrene Butadiene Rubber

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Weerawut Naebpetch ◽  
Banja Junhasavasdikul ◽  
Anuwat Saetung ◽  
Tulyapong Tulyapitak ◽  
Nattapong Nithi-Uthai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In this work, to study the utilization of zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) in sulfur vulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). The compounds were prepared by two roll mill mixer. Crosslink density and crosslink types were determined with an equilibrium swelling method. Physical properties and heat aging resistance were studied. The results shows that increase of ZDMA will decrease cure rate index and crosslink density which lead to decreased in 300% modulus and hardness. However, the addition of ZDMA can improve tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break and heat aging resistance.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chemically Crosslinked Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Nanogels and their Effect on Various Properties of the Rubber

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Mitra ◽  
Santanu Chattopadhyay ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Die Swell ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Nano-sized styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex gels were prepared by pre-vulcanizing SBR latex with different sulfur to accelerator ratios. These gels were characterized by swelling studies, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. With the increase in sulfur to accelerator ratio, the gels had higher amount of crosslink density and gel content. Particle size distribution did not alter much in the crosslinked gels. Incorporation of these nanogels into raw SBR led to the considerable drop in viscosity of the gel filled systems under capillary melt flow conditions. However, the reduction in viscosity was found to be dependent on the loading and crosslink density of the nanogels. Energy dispersive X-ray mapping of sulfur was used to check the dispersion of these gels into raw SBR matrix. The die swell values of gel filled SBR were much lower than that of the raw SBR. The reduction in principal normal stress difference values combined with the reinforcement effect of the gels was found to be responsible for the lowering of die swell values. Scanning electron photomicrographs of extrudates of gel filled systems showed much-improved surface smoothness compared to the unfilled SBR. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties also showed excellent improvement in modulus with the addition of gels in the raw rubber. A new empirical relationship was proposed to explain the reinforcement properties of nanogels as viscoelastic fillers.

LIQUID POLYBUTADIENE EXTENDED ESBR/SILICA WET-MASTERBATCH COMPOSITES FOR IMPROVING ABRASION RESISTANCE AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Kim ◽  
Iz Muhammet ◽  
Donghyuk Kim ◽  
Il Jin Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeop Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Polybutadiene Rubber ◽  
Silica Dispersion ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT Silica wet-masterbatch (WMB) is a well-known technique for manufacturing high-content, highly dispersed silica-filled compounds. Emulsion styrene–butadiene rubber (ESBR)/silica WMB offers several advantages, including excellent silica dispersion and reduced hysteresis, as compared with conventional dry masterbatch (DMB) compound. However, because of the residual emulsifiers in ESBR latex, it can exhibit a decrease in the crosslink density and reductions in its mechanical properties. Moreover, the abrasion resistance cannot be significantly enhanced because of the tradeoff between the improvement in silica dispersion and decrease in crosslink density. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to improve the silica dispersion and abrasion resistance of ESBR/silica WMB compounds by using liquid polybutadiene rubber (LqBR) extended WMB. In detail, three types of LqBR were emulsified to LqBR emulsions, and three types of LqBR extended WMBs were produced by co-coagulating ESBR latex, silane-modified silica, and the LqBR emulsion. A thorough characterization was conducted with emphasis on the silica content, cure characteristics, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and dynamic viscoelastic properties. Based on the results, silane-terminated LqBR extended WMB vulcanizate showed a 58% improvement in the 300% modulus, 48% reduced DIN abrasion loss, and a 23% improvement in dynamic properties.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact on the Mechanical Properties of Modification of Oligohydroxyethers in Organic Solvent Solution with Rubbers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Vitalii Bezgin ◽  
Agata Dudek ◽  
Adam Gnatowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes and presents the chemical modification of linear hydroxyethers (LHE) with different molecular weights (380, 640, and 1830 g/mol) with the addition of three types of rubbers (polysulfide rubber (PSR), polychloroprene rubber (PCR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)). The main purpose of choosing this type of modification and the materials used was the possibility to use it in industrial settings. The modification process was conducted for a very wide range of modifier additions (rubber) per 100 g LHE. The materials obtained in the study were subjected to strength tests in order to determine the effect of the modification on functional properties. Mechanical properties of the modified materials were improved after the application of the modifier (rubber) to polyhydroxyether (up to certain modifier content). The most favorable changes in the tested materials were registered in the modification of LHE-1830 with PSR. In the case of LHE-380 and LHE-640 modified in cyclohexanol (CH) and chloroform (CF) solutions, an increase in the values of the tested properties was also obtained, but to a lesser extent than for LHE-1830. The largest changes were registered for LHE-1830 with PSR in CH solution: from 12.1 to 15.3 MPa for compressive strength tests, from 0.8 to 1.5 MPa for tensile testing, from 0.8 to 14.7 MPa for shear strength, and from 1% to 6.5% for the maximum elongation. The analysis of the available literature showed that the modification proposed by the authors has not yet been presented in any previous scientific paper.

scholarly journals Hybrid Silica-Based Fillers in Nanocomposites: Influence of Isotropic/Isotropic and Isotropic/Anisotropic Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene (SBR)-Based Rubber

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
Mariapaola Staropoli ◽  
Vincent Rogé ◽  
Enzo Moretto ◽  
Joffrey Didierjean ◽  
Marc Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The improvement of mechanical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites is usually obtained through a strong polymer–silica interaction. Most often, precipitated silica nanoparticles are used as filler. In this work, we study the synergetic effect occurring between dual silica-based fillers in a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/polybutadiene (PBD) rubber matrix. Precipitated Highly Dispersed Silica (HDS) nanoparticles (10 nm) have been associated with spherical Stöber silica nanoparticles (250 nm) and anisotropic nano-Sepiolite. By imaging filler at nano scale through Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, we have shown that anisotropic fillers align only in presence of a critical amount of HDS. The dynamic mechanical analysis of rubber compounds confirms that this alignment leads to a stiffer nanocomposite when compared to Sepiolite alone. On the contrary, spherical 250 nm nanoparticles inhibit percolation network and reduce the nanocomposite stiffness.

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