scholarly journals Marine Algae Incorporated Polylactide Acid Patch: Novel Candidate for Targeting Osteosarcoma Cells without Impairing the Osteoblastic Proliferation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Salih Veziroglu ◽  
Mustafa Ayna ◽  
Theresa Kohlhaas ◽  
Selin Sayin ◽  
Jacek Fiutowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Characterization ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
Composite Patch ◽  
Sargassum Vulgare ◽  
High Production ◽  
Polylactide Acid ◽  
High Production Cost

Biodegradable collagen-based materials have been preferred as scaffolds and grafts for diverse clinical applications in density and orthopedy. Besides the advantages of using such bio-originated materials, the use of collagen matrices increases the risk of infection transmission through the cells or the tissues of the graft/scaffold. In addition, such collagen-based solutions are not counted as economically feasible approaches due to their high production cost. In recent years, incorporation of marine algae in synthetic polymers has been considered as an alternative method for preparation grafts/scaffolds since they represent abundant and cheap source of potential biopolymers. Current work aims to propose a novel composite patch prepared by blending Sargassum vulgare powders (SVP) to polylactide (PLA) as an alternative to the porcine-derived membranes. SVP-PLA composite patches were produced by using a modified solvent casting method. Following detailed material characterization to assess the cytocompatibility, human osteoblasts (HOBs) and osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) were seeded on neat PLA and SVP-PLA patches. MTT and BrdU assays indicated a greater cytocompatibility and higher proliferation for HOBs cultured on SVP-PLA composite than for those cultured on neat PLA. SaOS-2 cells cultured on SVP-PLA exhibited a significant decrease in cell proliferation. The composite patch described herein exhibits an antiproliferative effect against SaOS-2 cells without impairing HOBs’ adhesion and proliferation.

scholarly journals Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) Functionalized Polylactic Acid–Marine Algae Composite Patch for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Wiebke Reichstein ◽  
Levke Sommer ◽  
Salih Veziroglu ◽  
Selin Sayin ◽  
Stefan Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Human Osteoblasts ◽  
Composite Patch ◽  
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition

The current study aimed to describe the fabrication of a composite patch by incorporating marine algae powders (MAPs) into poly-lactic acid (PLA) for bone tissue engineering. The prepared composite patch was functionalized with the co-polymer, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (p(HEMA-co-EGDMA)) via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to improve its wettability and overall biocompatibility. The iCVD functionalized MAP–PLA composite patch showed superior cell interaction of human osteoblasts. Following the surface functionalization by p(HEMA-co-EGDMA) via the iCVD technique, a highly hydrophilic patch was achieved without tailoring any morphological and structural properties. Moreover, the iCVD modified composite patch exhibited ideal cell adhesion for human osteoblasts, thus making the proposed patch suitable for potential biomedical applications including bone tissue engineering, especially in the fields of dentistry and orthopedy.

A feedback controller for milling chatter vibration control using a new response matrix

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632098820
Author(s):  
Bashir B Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Bashir ◽  
Mukhtar F Hamza ◽  
Mustapha Abdulhadi ◽  
Muhammad A Shehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Feedback Controller ◽  
Response Matrix ◽  
Chatter Vibration ◽  
Active Feedback ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Milling Chatter

A chatter mark is a result of irregular vibration that affects the milling process, which results in poor surface finish, reduced work quality, machine impairment, and high production cost. This work presents an active feedback controller design using a new response matrix to suppress the free vibration in the milling process. The proposed controller considers feed rate, tooth passing frequency, and time-varying dynamic milling force coefficients. A milling experiment verifies the effect of the proposed method. The method provides a reliable way of tackling chatter vibration in an industrial process. The procedure is technically and economically beneficial.

scholarly journals Fermentative Production of Mannosylerythritol Lipids using Sweetwater as Waste Substrate by Pseudozyma antarctica (MTCC 2706)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Jayata Mawani ◽  
Jagruti Jadhav ◽  
Amit Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mannosylerythritol Lipids ◽  
Pseudozyma Antarctica ◽  
Fermentative Production ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

Abstract Mannosylerythritol lipids are glycolipid biosurfactants with promising industrial applications. However, their commercial production is hindered due to its high production cost. The current study investigates the use of sweetwater, a by-product of the fat-splitting industry in combination with soybean oil for the production of mannosylerythritol lipids using Pseudozyma antarctica (MTCC 2706). The optimum sweetwater and soybean oil concentration of 22% and 7% (w/v) yielded 7.52 g L–1and 21.5 g L–1 mannosylerythritol lipids at shake flask and fermenter level respectively. The structure and functional groups of mannosylerythritol lipids were confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Surfactant properties, such as surface tension, critical micelle concentration, foaming and emulsification of mannosylerythritol lipids were also explored.

scholarly journals Thermal treatment of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (Part 1: Recycling)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Limburg ◽  
Jan Stockschläder ◽  
Peter Quicker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

The increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced polymers requires suitable disposing and recycling options, the latter being especially attractive due to the high production cost of the material. Reclaiming the fibres from their polymer matrix however is not without challenges. Pyrolysis leads to a decay of the polymer matrix but may also leave solid carbon residues on the fibre. These residues prevent fibre sizing and thereby reuse in new materials. In state of the art, these residues are removed via thermal treatment in oxygen containing atmospheres. This however may damage the fibre’s tensile strength. Within the scope of this work, carbon dioxide and water vapour were used to remove the carbon residues. This aims to eliminate or at least minimize fibre damage. Improved quality of reclaimed fibres can make fibre reuse more desirable by enabling the production of high-quality recycling products. Still, even under ideal recycling conditions the fibres will shorten with every new life-cycle due to production-based blending. Fibre disposal pathways will therefore always also be necessary. The problems of thermal fibre disintegration are summarized in the second part of this article (Part 2: Energy recovery).

scholarly journals Whole Conversion of Soybean Molasses into Isomaltulose and Ethanol by Combining Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Successive Selective Fermentations

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Zhi-Peng Wang ◽  
Lin-Lin Zhang ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Xiao-Yan Liu ◽  
Xin-Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rhizomucor Miehei ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Alternative Substrate ◽  
Soy Molasses ◽  
High Production ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
High Sucrose

Isomaltulose is mainly produced from sucrose by microbial fermentation, when the utilization of sucrose contributes a high production cost. To achieve a low-cost isomaltulose production, soy molasses was introduced as an alternative substrate. Firstly, α-galactosidase gene from Rhizomucor miehei was expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica, which then showed a galactosidase activity of 121.6 U/mL. Under the effects of the recombinant α-galactosidase, most of the raffinose-family oligosaccharides in soy molasses were hydrolyzed into sucrose. Then the soy molasses hydrolysate with high sucrose content (22.04%, w/w) was supplemented into the medium, with an isomaltulose production of 209.4 g/L, and the yield of 0.95 g/g. Finally, by virtue of the bioremoval process using Pichia stipitis, sugar byproducts in broth were transformed into ethanol at the end of fermentation, thus resulting in high isomaltulose purity (97.8%). The bioprocess employed in this study provides a novel strategy for low-cost and efficient isomaltulose production from soybean molasses.

Characterization of Zirconia for Ceramic Dental Implant Coated with Carbonate Apatite

2019 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Fauziah Erfin ◽  
Rasmi Rikmasari ◽  
Lisda Damayanti ◽  
Andrie Harmaji ◽  
Arief Cahyanto
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Pellet Size ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Temperature Variable ◽  
High Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Production Cost

Zirconia-based dental implant in Indonesia is rarely used, especially due to low demand. High production cost makes the price of each zirconia dental implant piece become expensive. The fabrication process of the dental implant using 3 mol% Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (3YSZ) as a starting powder, or being synthesized using ZrCl3 and YCl4 precursor were costly and complicated. The aim of this study is to investigate morphology and phase analysis in the ceramic dental implant which coated with carbonate apatite (CO3Ap). The industrial 3YSZ powder was compacted using a manual hydraulic press and sintered at 1500°C approximately to 11 mm pellet size. Specimens were pre-treated using 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF) before coated by CO3Ap, while others without treatment as a control. Then, the specimens were dipped into CO3Ap suspension and heat treated with temperature variable of 300°C or 500°C. The fabrication of specimen using manual hydraulic press creates monoclinic phase more than expected, while SEM discovered that the particle size of the specimen was 130-500nm. In conclusion, the effective method to coat the ceramic dental implant with CO3Ap was using 9% HF as a pre-treatment and calcinate in 300°C as confirmed in XRD and EDS.

scholarly journals In defense of the old generation: the strategic options to sustain a vintage urea plant production

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Diana Mutia Pratiwi ◽  
Sudarna
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

The Need for Urea Fertilizer supply is one of the essential factors for the development of the agricultural sector. However, due to the high energy usage and the increasing price of natural gas as the raw material, some of the old urea fertilizer industry was forced to shut down due to the inability to cover the high production cost. The purpose of this study is to analyze the alternative strategy for the urea industry to be more efficient and also produce good quality urea to remain sustainable. This paper will use descriptive analysis based on the Case Study compared to the literature and related references to find the appropriate and well-implemented alternative. Based on the study, several options can be purposed such as retrofitting in ammonia and urea plant mainly in syn-loop and high-pressure section, and by optimizing the feed ratio and process condition.

scholarly journals The Analysis on Income of Beef Cattle Breeders in Various Crop Patterns in Umbulsari District, Jember Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Noer Soetjipto ◽  
Zaenal Fanani ◽  
Nanang Dwi Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
High Production ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
The Cost

The objective of research is: (1) to analyze the cost incurred at integrated farming involving beef cat-tle breeding and various crop patterns; (2) to estimate the revenue received from the integrated farm-ing involving beef cattle breeding and various crop patterns; (3) to find out the income obtained from the integrated farming involving beef cattle breeding and various crop patterns; and (4) to acknowledge the balance of revenue and cost of the integrated farming involving beef cattle breeding and various crop patterns. Research was located in Umbulsari District, Jember Regency, starting from 16 June 2016 to 28 September 2016. Sampling frame technique used in this research is Two-Stage Cluster Sampling. Both sampel and location of research are determined with purposive sampling. The analytical model of research is the analysis on cost and revenue of livestock-crop farming. Research indicates some results. (1) Crop Pattern 5, which cultivates sugarcane only, and beef cattle breeding have produced the heaviest cost of all combinations observed, especially if measured in terms of per hectare and per livestock unit. The cost for this crop pattern is IDR 96,750,000.- while the cost for beef cattle breeding is IDR 10,865,000.-. Total cost of both works attains IDR 107,615,000.-. The reason behind this huge cost is that Crop Pattern 5 involves high production cost to cover the costs of land processing, land lease, and organic fertilizer; (2) Crop Pattern 5 has produced the highest reve-nue. The revenue of this crop pattern per hectare is IDR 110,450,000.- while beef cattle breeding per livestock unit gives revenue at IDR 14,900,000.-. Total revenue then is around IDR 125,350,000.-; (3) The income obtained from Crop Pattern 5 is IDR 13,700,000.- whereas beef cattle breeding deliv-ers income around IDR 4,035,000.-. Total income is then IDR 17,735,000.-. (4) The highest balance between revenue and cost is 1.82 and it is found at Crop Pattern 4.

scholarly journals CRISPRi-Guided Metabolic Flux Engineering for Enhanced Protopanaxadiol Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11836
Author(s):  
Soo-Hwan Lim ◽  
Jong-In Baek ◽  
Byeong-Min Jeon ◽  
Jung-Woo Seo ◽  
Min-Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Flux System ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

Protopanaxadiol (PPD), an aglycon found in several dammarene-type ginsenosides, has high potency as a pharmaceutical. Nevertheless, application of these ginsenosides has been limited because of the high production cost due to the rare content of PPD in Panax ginseng and a long cultivation time (4–6 years). For the biological mass production of the PPD, de novo biosynthetic pathways for PPD were introduced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the metabolic flux toward the target molecule was restructured to avoid competition for carbon sources between native metabolic pathways and de novo biosynthetic pathways producing PPD in S. cerevisiae. Here, we report a CRISPRi (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference)-based customized metabolic flux system which downregulates the lanosterol (a competing metabolite of dammarenediol-II (DD-II)) synthase in S. cerevisiae. With the CRISPRi-mediated suppression of lanosterol synthase and diversion of lanosterol to DD-II and PPD in S. cerevisiae, we increased PPD production 14.4-fold in shake-flask fermentation and 5.7-fold in a long-term batch-fed fermentation.

scholarly journals REDESIGN OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR GEAR TRANSMISSION BOX COMPONENT OF HAND TRACTOR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses L Singgih ◽  
Ahmad Fatih Fudhla
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Design Development ◽  
High Production ◽  
Is Integration ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Main Component

Design for Manufacture (DfM) is one of approach in product design development. It is integration of art design, material and process choosing in quality consideration. Gear Transmission Box (GTB) component of hand tractor is one of main component that compile hand tractor. It’s base component, other components are connected to it. It was produced in combination of casting-machining process and its manufacturing cost is the second highest that cause high production cost. To solve it, development or redesign of fabrication is needed. To realize it, load and force it detained have to be known, and than create alternatives design and process using DfM approach that yield cheaper design but still strong enough for detaining operation load. In this research, two alternatives were resulted. Both are using St 37 plate as base material and combination plate metal forming, welding and machining as basic process. The First redesign reduces manufacturing cost 11.75%, and the second 27%. From this research, it can be concluded that in design stage, there are a lot of potential things can be improved and developed that make it efficient.

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