scholarly journals Task-Specific Ionic Liquids with Lactate Anion Applied to Improve ZnO Dispersibility in the Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Elastomer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Anna Sowińska ◽  
Magdalena Maciejewska ◽  
Laina Guo ◽  
Etienne Delebecq
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Work Task ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Particles ◽  
Elastomer Composites

Task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) are ionic liquids with structures and, consequently, properties and behaviors designed for particular applications. In this work, task-specific ILs with alkylammonium or benzalkonium cations and carboxyl groups in the form of lactate anions were used to promote the homogeneous dispersion of the curatives in the elastomer matrix. The reaction of carboxyl groups of TSILs with zinc oxide, which acts as a vulcanization activator, was confirmed. This interaction improved the solubility and dispersibility of zinc oxide particles in the ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) monomer matrix, which consequently affected the curing characteristics of rubber compounds. Most importantly, TSILs increased the efficiency of vulcanization by shortening the time, lowering the temperature and increasing the enthalpy of this process, while maintaining safe processing of elastomer composites. EPDM vulcanizates containing TSILs with lactate anion were characterized by satisfactory functional properties.

scholarly journals Ionic Liquids and Calcium Oxide Grafted with Allylmalonic Acid Applied to Support the Peroxide Crosslinking of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3260
Author(s):  
Magdalena Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Crosslinking Reactions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Nanosized calcium oxide (CaO) featuring a surface grafted with allylmalonic acid (ALA) was used to increase the efficiency of the peroxide crosslinking of an ethylene–propylene copolymer (EPM) filled with silica nanoparticles. In this study, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with different anions were applied to improve the dispersion of CaO/ALA and silica nanoparticles in the EPM copolymer, as well as to catalyze the interfacial crosslinking reactions. In this article, we discuss the effects of CaO/ALA and ILs on the curing characteristics, vulcanization temperature, crosslink density, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of EPM, as well as the resistance of EPM to weather aging. The CaO/ALA with ILs reduced the vulcanization time of the rubber compounds without a significant effect on the vulcanization temperature. Their application resulted in an increased vulcanizate crosslink density, as well as improved tensile strength compared to the pure peroxide system. The influence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs on EPM vulcanization and performance depends on the anion present in the molecules of the ionic liquid. The most active IL seems to be that with the tetrafluoroborate anion.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ethylene–propylene Composites Filled with Perlite and Vermiculite Minerals: Mechanical, Barrier, and Flammability Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolesław Szadkowski ◽  
Anna Marzec ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
Witold Żukowski ◽  
Marian Zaborski
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Mineral Fillers

Perlite and vermiculite are naturally occurring minerals, commonly used by industry to obtain highly thermoisolative and/or non-flammable materials. However, there has been little research into the preparation and application of rubber compounds containing these inexpensive mineral fillers. Here, we show the benefits of perlite and vermiculite minerals as fillers for ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) composites. To obtain more uniform dispersion and improved compatibility between the minerals and the elastomer matrix, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (AMIMTFSI) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI) imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were added. The mineral fillers were found to be attractive semi-reinforcing fillers, which also act as flame retardants in the elastomer composites. Furthermore, a higher content of vermiculite mineral significantly reduced the air permeability of the composites. The incorporation of ionic liquids into the EPM-filled systems had a considerable effect on the torque increment, crosslink density, and more importantly the flammability of the studied compounds. The application of 2.5 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) BMIMTFSI, in particular, reduced the flammability of the EPM composite, as the maximum heat release rate (HRRmax) decreased from 189.7 kW/m2 to 170.2 kW/m2.

Improvement of Thermoelectric Properties of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 with Addition of Nanoscale Zinc Oxide Particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1266-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Xiao ◽  
Junyou Yang ◽  
Qinghui Jiang ◽  
Liangwei Fu ◽  
Yubo Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Particles

scholarly journals Enviroment-Friendly Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Particles Using Fruit Peel Extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yuvakkumar ◽  
◽  
Jae Sook Song ◽  
Pyung Woo Shin ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Particles ◽  
Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide ◽  
Peel Extract

Fabrication of Polyaniline on Silane-Functionalized Zinc Oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Christian M. Dizon ◽  
Alvin Karlo Garcia Tapia ◽  
Ivy Razado-Colambo ◽  
Marvin U. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Particles ◽  
Aniline Polymerization

In this study, polyaniline on silane-functionalized zinc oxide was fabricated. The zinc oxide particles were functionalized by soaking in silane aniline-ethanol solution. Afterwhich, the polyaniline was polymerized on the grafted silane aniline molecules using oxidative polymerization. The FTIR spectra showed vibrational peaks associated with the silane aniline molecules and grafted polyaniline. The sampled soaked in silane aniline coupling agent showed FTIR peaks associated with grafted silane aniline. The sample soaked for one minute showed FTIR peaks associated with ortho-coupled aniline units that is formed during the start of aniline polymerization. The sample soaked for three minutes showed FTIR peaks that is broader compared to others due to ring vibration in long polymeric chain.

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