scholarly journals Recovered Energy from Salinity Gradients Utilizing Various Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogels

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Tri Quang Bui ◽  
Vinh Duy Cao ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Anna-Lena Kjøniksen
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Shrinking Process ◽  
Swelling Volume ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

Hydrogels can be utilized to extract energy from salinity gradients when river water mixes with seawater. Saline-sensitive hydrogels exhibit a reversible swelling/shrinking process when they are, alternately, exposed to fresh and saline water. We present a comparison of several poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels, including poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(acrylic acid-co-vinylsulfonic acid) (PAA/PVSA), and poly(4-styrenessulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) interpenetrated in a poly(acrylic acid) network (PAA/PSSA-MA). The hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization, copolymerization, and by semi-IPN (interpenetrating polymer network). The hydrogels were placed in a piston-like system to measure the recovered energy. Semi-IPN hydrogels exhibit a much higher recovered energy compared to the copolymer and PAA hydrogel. The recovered energy of 60 g swollen gel was up to 4 J for the PAA/PSSA-MA hydrogel. The obtained energy per gram dried gel was up to 13.3 J/g. The swelling volume of the hydrogels was maintained for 30 cycles without decline in recovered energy.

Synthesis and Characteristics of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels Based on Konjac Glucomannan with Different Molecular Weights and Poly(acrylic acid)

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1004-1007
Author(s):  
Xue Yao ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Ben Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

Konjac glucomannan with different molecular weights/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were prepared in this paper. The structure of the IPN hydrogels was characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The swelling ratio of these hydrogels showed they had pH-sensitive properties and the enzymatic degradation tests showed the hydrogels retain the enzymatic degradation character of KGM. Furthermore, hydrogel composed of native KGM degraded sharply in enzymatic degradation test and it had bigger swelling ratio and weight loss ratio than those hydrogels which composed of lower molecular weights KGM. Therefore, hydrogels composed of lower molecular weight might release drug more stable when they were used as drug carrier.

Water Behavior of Poly(acrylic acid)/ Poly (acrylonitrile) Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon Jeong Kim ◽  
Ki Jung Lee ◽  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
In Young Kim ◽  
Sun I. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Water Behavior ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

Optimal response surface design of Gum tragacanth-based poly[(acrylic acid)-co-acrylamide] IPN hydrogel for the controlled release of the antihypertensive drug losartan potassium

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (75) ◽  
pp. 39822-39829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saruchi Saruchi ◽  
B. S. Kaith ◽  
Rajeev Jindal ◽  
Vaneet Kumar ◽  
Manpreet S. Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Losartan Potassium ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

The present study proposes the development and optimization of a new interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), consisting of Gum tragacanth, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm), for the in situ controlled release of losartan potassium under different pH conditions at 37 °C.

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