scholarly journals Biopolymer Composites as an Alternative to Materials for the Production of Ecological Packaging

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Miroslawa Prochon ◽  
Oleksandra Dzeikala
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Biopolymer Composites ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of plastic waste has long been a concern for governments and society. However, huge amounts of plastic are still being released into the oceans and the environment. One possible solution is to replace plastics with materials that are more both biodecomposable and biodegradable. The most environmentally friendly materials are made of natural ingredients found in nature, although not all of them can be called biodegradable. In this study, we set out to create a new composite with functional properties that could replace commonly used disposable packaging. To ensure the competitiveness of our solution, we used inexpensive and readily available components, such as gelatin G HOOCCH2CH2C(R1)NHCOCH2NH2 (where R1 is a continuation of the peptide chain), polyvinyl alcohol PVA CH2CH(OH), and glycerin G HOCH2CH(CH2OH)O. The ingredients used in the research come from natural sources; however, they are chemically processed. Some of them, such as polyvinyl alcohol, for example, are biodegradable. With the appropriate selection of the components, in the casting process, the intermixed components made it possible to produce materials that were characterized by good physicochemical properties, including thermal stability, optical transmission of UV-Vis light, cross-linking density, and mechanical strength. The most favorable parameters of thermal stability were observed in casein-containing gelatine forms. The best cross-linking density was obtained in the case of gelatin–glycerine systems. Composite containing caseins distinguished by the highest resistance to flammability, increased thermal stability, flexibility, and greater hardness compared to other composites.

Study on Physicochemical Properties of Tilapia Skin Collagen Scaffold Cross-Linked by EDC

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2232-2235
Author(s):  
Zhou Wei Duan ◽  
Xuan Ri Shen ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Guang Hua Xia ◽  
Zhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Collagen Scaffold ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Skin Collagen ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Water

In order to improve physicochemical properties of Tilapia skin collagen (TSC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl amino-propyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) was used as a cross-linking agent for TSC matrices. The difference in physicochemical properties between cross-linked and uncross-linked TSC was characterized by measuring shrinkage temperature, water uptake and anti-enzyme effect. The results indicated that, after the cross-linking, the thermal stability was increased; the anti-enzyme effect was improved obviously. It is thus concluded that the EDC cross-linking greatly improve the physicochemical properties of TSC.

Production and Properties of Polypropylene Track Membranes

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov I. Kravets ◽  
Sergei N. Dmitriev ◽  
Pavel Yu. Apel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Physicochemical Treatment ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
High Homogeneity ◽  
Track Membranes ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation

This paper describes results of the method of manufacturing the polypropylene track membranes produced by physicochemical treatment under irradiation of accelerated heavy ions of polymer films. The developed method allows to produce membranes with pores of 0.1-0.2 μm in diameter and more, with an improved structural and physicochemical properties. Polypropylene track membranes of a novel sample are characterized by high homogeneity of pore sizes in magnitude, considerable mechanical strength, advanced thermal stability and resistance to oxidation in aggressive media. It opens new fields for their usage.

scholarly journals Synthesis of cellulose from Acetobacter xylinum bacteria – application of making biocomposite based on polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Hong Thi Thu Phan ◽  
Ngan Thi My Luong ◽  
Trung Tien Vu ◽  
Ho Thanh Pham ◽  
Huy Thuc Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
New Material ◽  
Biological Films

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is characterized for its high purity, good mechanical strength, non-toxic and non-allergic. Therefore, BC was used in many applications, such as biological films, paper, textiles, electronics, and especially in the biomedical field. The aim of this study is to make a new material which has high thermal stability and mechanical strength by combining BC and two kinds of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 127 and PVA Kuraray). In the current study, it was found that the structure of bacterial cellulose was changed when PVA at different concentrations was supplied in the bacterial culture. The dispersity of BC fibers and the density of PVA particles of the material increased with high concentration of PVA. As a masterbatch (a composite additive material), a preparation of BC/PVA 217 was mixed with PVA Kuraray, and the mixture was then placed into a mixing chamber of an electrically heated machine (Hakke, Germany) at 170C, 80 rpm for 15 min. The melting mixture was shaped by a Hydraulic shaping machine. The structure of the material was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The thermal stability of the material was measured using a thermogravimetric analyzer, and its mechanical properties were also studied. The results showed that the compatibility of BC and PVA in PVA/BC material is relatively high due to intermolecular hydrogen bondings. The material showed better thermal stability than PVA only. Its mechanical properties were also improved. The finding suggests that the composites of bacterial cellulose and PVA could be good candidates for replacing traditional nonbiodegradable plastic materials.

scholarly journals The Multiple Effects of Precursors on the Properties of Polymeric Carbon Nitride

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Fan Dong ◽  
Zaiwang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Polymeric Carbon ◽  
Selection Of

Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) materials were prepared by direct pyrolysis of thiourea, dicyandiamide, melamine, and urea under the same conditions, respectively. In order to investigate the effects of precursors on the intrinsic physicochemical properties of g-C3N4, a variety of characterization tools were employed to analyze the samples. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the removal of NO in gas phase under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the as-prepared CN-T (from thiourea), CN-D (from dicyandiamide), CN-M (from melamine), and CN-U (from urea) exhibited significantly different morphologies and microstructures. The band gaps of CN-T, CN-D, CN-M, and CN-U were 2.51, 2.58, 2.56, and 2.88 eV, respectively. Both thermal stability and yield are in the following order: CN-M > CN-D > CN-T > CN-U. The photoactivity of CN-U (31.9%) is higher than that of CN-T (29.6%), CN-D (22.2%), and CN-M (26.8%). Considering the cost, toxicity, and yield of the precursors and the properties of g-C3N4, the best precursor for preparation of g-C3N4was melamine. The present work could provide new insights into the selection of suitable precursor for g-C3N4synthesis and in-depth understanding of the microstructure-dependent photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4.

Computational Investigation of Enhanced Properties in Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Gel Electrolyte Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine S. Karaman ◽  
Somenath Mitra ◽  
Joshua Young
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Computational Investigation ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gel Electrolytes ◽  
Enhanced Properties

Recently, functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) were shown to increase the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and ionic conductivity in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based gel electrolytes (GE) for Zn ion batteries. However,...

scholarly journals Metal Organic Frameworks Derived Sustainable Polyvinyl Alcohol/Starch Nanocomposite Films as Robust Materials for Packaging Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2307
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Zaib Jahan ◽  
Tayyaba Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Metal Organic

Bio-nanocomposites-based packaging materials have gained significance due to their prospective application in rising areas of packaged food. This research aims to fabricate biodegradable packaging films based upon polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch integrated with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or organic additives. MOFs offer unique features in terms of surface area, mechanical strength, and chemical stability, which make them favourable for supporting materials used in fabricating polymer-based packaging materials. zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are one of the potential candidates for this application due to their highly conductive network with a large surface area and high porosity. Present research illustrates a model system based on ZIF-67 (C8H10N4Co) bearing 2–10 wt.% loading in a matrix of PVA/starch blend with or without pyrolysis to probe the function of intermolecular interaction in molecular packing, tensile properties, and glass transition process. ZIF-67 nanoparticles were doped in a PVA/starch mixture, and films were fabricated using the solution casting method. It was discovered through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that addition of ZIF-67 and pyrolyzed ZIF-67 changed and enhanced the thermal stability of the membrane. Moreover, 2–10 wt.% loading of ZIF-67 effected the thermal stability, owing to an interlayer aggregation of ZIF-67. The membranes containing pyrolyzed ZIF-67 showed mechanical strength in the order of 25 MPa in a moderate loading of pyrolyzed ZIF-67 (i.e., at 4 wt.%). The crystallinity enhanced by an increment in ZIF-67 loading. On the other hand, pyrolyzed ZIF-67 carbon became amorphous because of the inert environment and elevated temperature. The surface area also increased after the pyrolysis, which helped to increase the strength of the composite films.

Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Dual‐Modified Starch by Cross‐Linking and Annealing

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100102
Author(s):  
Shuyu Jia ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Haibo Zhao ◽  
Haiteng Tao ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Modified Starch
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