scholarly journals Micro- and Nanocellulose in Polymer Composite Materials: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran ◽  
Abdulrahman A.B.A. Mohammed ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
R.A. Ilyas ◽  
M.R.M. Asyraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Primary Substance ◽  
Plant Sources

The high demand for plastic and polymeric materials which keeps rising every year makes them important industries, for which sustainability is a crucial aspect to be taken into account. Therefore, it becomes a requirement to makes it a clean and eco-friendly industry. Cellulose creates an excellent opportunity to minimize the effect of non-degradable materials by using it as a filler for either a synthesis matrix or a natural starch matrix. It is the primary substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright, and can be found in plant sources, agriculture waste, animals, and bacterial pellicle. In this review, we discussed the recent research development and studies in the field of biocomposites that focused on the techniques of extracting micro- and nanocellulose, treatment and modification of cellulose, classification, and applications of cellulose. In addition, this review paper looked inward on how the reinforcement of micro- and nanocellulose can yield a material with improved performance. This article featured the performances, limitations, and possible areas of improvement to fit into the broader range of engineering applications.

scholarly journals Overtourism: Between the Right to Travel and Residents’ Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Perkumienė ◽  
Rasa Pranskūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Work ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Debates on overtourism, as a challenging phenomenon, are becoming more and more active. The purpose of this integrative review paper is to discuss the right to travel and residents’ rights in the context of overtourism and sustainable tourism, analyzing different scientific and legal sources. The integrative review analysis shows that overtourism and sustainable tourism are important contexts influencing the changing meaning of the right to travel and the right to live. On the one hand, the overtourism context makes the voices of residents more important to be heard, while on the other hand the sustainable tourism context influences the discussion of the right to travel, asking tourist voices to be considered more important. The results of this integrative review also shows the importance of rethinking the concept of sustainability in tourism as a holistic principle of democracy and as a degrowth movement, and opens the broader discussion for future tourism research development. The problem of overtourism could be solved by striving to develop sustainable tourism goals, thus balancing equality between the right to travel and residents’ rights. The presented integrative review paper is a preliminary work; further research is needed in order to find possible concrete solutions for overtourism.

scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Materials for the Strengthening of Pavement Subgrade-A Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Weak Soil ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Long Period

From a long period in road construction soil is used as subgrade, sub-base, and base material. While constructing a road in the weak soil areas or subgrade has poor strength, in such cases the improvement of soil is necessary. The improvement of the soil is thru by swapping by the stronger soil or stabilization with the waste material. Dispose of these waste materials is essential as these are causing hazardous effects on the environment. With the same intention, the literature review is undertaken on the utilization of waste materials for the stabilization of soils and their performance is discussed. The waste material is one of the best solutions to the improvement of submerged properties in an economical manner. This review paper presents a brief exposure to the stabilization of soil with waste material like agriculture waste, constructional waste, and industrial waste materials.

scholarly journals Research progress on space charge characteristics in polymeric insulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1630001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibo Zhang ◽  
Thomas Christen ◽  
Xing Meng ◽  
Jiansheng Chen ◽  
Jens Rocks
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
Electrical Insulation Properties

Due to their excellent electrical insulation properties and processability, polymer materials are used in many electrical products. It is widely believed that space charge plays an important role for the electric field distribution, conduction, ageing, and electric breakdown of polymeric insulation. This paper reviews measurements and characteristics of space charge behavior which mainly determined by the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) measurement technique. Particular interests are the effects of the applied voltage, the electrodes, temperature, humidity, microstructure, additives, and filler materials on accumulation, distribution, transport, and the decay of space charge in polymeric materials. This review paper is to provide an overview on various space charge effects under different conditions, and also to summarize the information for polymeric materials with suppressed space charge and improved electrical behavior.

Microwave Modification of Polymer-Carbon Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
D. Zavrazhin ◽  
C. Zavrazhina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Melting Zone ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Microwave Effect ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Conductive Particles

Studies of microwave radiation on polymeric materials have shown the possibility of modifying the characteristics of materials. At the same time, the efficiency of the microwave effect can be increased by introducing into the polymer matrix electrically conductive particles (carbon, metal particles, etc.). In this case, the absorption coefficient of the microwave waves is greatly increased. The paper evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of polyamide 6 subjected to microwave exposure. To intensify the microwave, well-proven carbon nanotubes were used, which were added to the polymer in small amounts. The most effective was the addition of carbon nanotubes in an amount of 1 wt%. The data obtained are changes in strength under tensile, Shore D hardness conditions, as well as thermophysical characteristics (heat resistance and change in the specific energy absorption rate in the melting zone of the samples). Microwave can be used as a modifying radiation, and as a method of heating polymers for subsequent molding in products. This method significantly reduces the technological process of obtaining materials and products with improved performance characteristics.

scholarly journals Advanced Functional Materials for Intelligent Thermoregulation in Personal Protective Equipment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
Alireza Saidi ◽  
Chantal Gauvin ◽  
Safa Ladhari ◽  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Physical Hazards ◽  
Current State ◽  
Smart Textile ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
External Stimuli

The exposure to extreme temperatures in workplaces involves physical hazards for workers. A poorly acclimated worker may have lower performance and vigilance and therefore may be more exposed to accidents and injuries. Due to the incompatibility of the existing standards implemented in some workplaces and the lack of thermoregulation in many types of protective equipment that are commonly fabricated using various types of polymeric materials, thermal stress remains one of the most frequent physical hazards in many work sectors. However, many of these problems can be overcome with the use of smart textile technologies that enable intelligent thermoregulation in personal protective equipment. Being based on conductive and functional polymeric materials, smart textiles can detect many external stimuli and react to them. Interconnected sensors and actuators that interact and react to existing risks can provide the wearer with increased safety, protection, and comfort. Thus, the skills of smart protective equipment can contribute to the reduction of errors and the number and severity of accidents in the workplace and thus promote improved performance, efficiency, and productivity. This review provides an overview and opinions of authors on the current state of knowledge on these types of technologies by reviewing and discussing the state of the art of commercially available systems and the advances made in previous research works.

scholarly journals 3D Printing Polymeric Materials for Robots with Embedded Systems

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ray Noel Medina Delda ◽  
Rex Balisalisa Basuel ◽  
Rodel Peralta Hacla ◽  
Dan William Carpiano Martinez ◽  
John-John Cabibihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Robotic Applications ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The fabrication of robots and their embedded systems is challenging due to the complexity of the interacting components. The integration of additive manufacturing (AM) to robotics has made advancements in robotics manufacturing through sophisticated and state-of-the-art AM technologies and materials. With the emergence of 3D printing, 3D printing materials are also being considered and engineered for specific applications. This study reviews different 3D printing materials for 3D printing embedded robotics. Materials such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), flexible photopolymers, silicone, and elastomer-based materials were found to be the most used 3D printing materials due to their suitability for robotic applications. This review paper revealed that the key areas requiring more research are material formulations for improved mechanical properties, cost, and the inclusion of materials for specific applications. Future perspectives are also provided.

scholarly journals Degradation Process and Durability of Polymeric Materials for Architectural Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silverio Hernández-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Window Frames

This review paper discusses the polymeric materials most commonly used in construction industry, where the main considerations and design recommendations for durability are reviewed. Besides, it aims to provide useful insights and information to professionals and researchers in areas related to construction and architectural materials to help them to make decisions when selecting materials from sustainable and durable design. The methodology was based on a review of scientific literature, where the main properties of polymeric materials were identified in the main considerations for the durable design of each polymeric material. We conclude that these materials consume large amounts of resources and energy in their process of manufacture, so, their use should be restricted. However, at the same time, they are durable and recyclable building materials with good operation and service life, especially serve as sealants, insulation,  paints, pipes, window frames and exterior finishes.

Methods for Synthesis of Triethanolamine: Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Yushchenko ◽  
E. G. Zhizhina ◽  
Z. P. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Chemical Product ◽  
Household Chemicals

Triethanolamine (TEA) is a high-demand chemical product used in numerous sectors of industry (textile and cement industries, production of lubricating fluids, cosmetics, household chemicals, pharmaceutics, etc.). The product quality and consumer properties depend on the preparation technology. In the review paper, various, including catalytic, methods for TEA preparation are discussed with regard to the product purity and the target applications. Additional methods for improving the consumer properties of the synthesized TEA also are considered.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of Some Interesting Mars Rover Image Enhancement Projects

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Chiman Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Resolution Enhancement ◽  
Disparity Map ◽  
Mars Rover ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
New Algorithms ◽  
Curiosity Rover

The Curiosity rover has landed on Mars since 2012. One of the instruments onboard the rover is a pair of multispectral cameras known as Mastcams, which act as eyes of the rover. In this paper, we summarize our recent studies on some interesting image processing projects for Mastcams. In particular, we will address perceptually lossless compression of Mastcam images, debayering and resolution enhancement of Mastcam images, high resolution stereo and disparity map generation using fused Mastcam images, and improved performance of anomaly detection and pixel clustering using combined left and right Mastcam images. The main goal of this review paper is to raise public awareness about these interesting Mastcam projects and also stimulate interests in the research community to further develop new algorithms for those applications.

scholarly journals Soy-Based Polyols and Polyurethanes

KIMIKA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold A. Lubguban ◽  
Rosal Jane G. Ruda ◽  
Rae Homer Aquiatan ◽  
Shierlyn Paclijan ◽  
Kriztine O. Magadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Effective Reaction ◽  
Reaction Routes

Polymers derived from plant oils have attracted major commercial interest and significant attention in scientific research because of the availability, biodegradability, and unique properties of triglycerides. Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as soybean oil (SBO), are particularly susceptible to chemical modification for desired polymeric materials. Soy-based polyols are important industrial prepolymeric materials that use renewable resources; and can be produced or derived through different processing routes. This review paper discusses previous and recent researches about chemical and biochemical polymerization processes to produce soy-based polyols as prepolymers for the production of polyurethane materials in the form of foams (rigid or flexible) and elastomers. The central goal of these research fields is to find effective reaction routes to increase both equivalent weight and hydroxyl functionality of soy-based polyols while taking into consideration the simplicity and economics of these processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document