scholarly journals A Review of Wood Biomass-Based Fatty Acids and Rosin Acids Use in Polymeric Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2706
Author(s):  
Laima Vevere ◽  
Anda Fridrihsone ◽  
Mikelis Kirpluks ◽  
Ugis Cabulis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Rosin Acids ◽  
Food And Feed

In recent decades, vegetable oils as a potential replacement for petrochemical materials have been extensively studied. Tall oil (crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, and rosin acids) is a good source to be turned into polymeric materials. Unlike vegetable oils, tall oil is considered as lignocellulosic plant biomass waste and is considered to be the second-generation raw material, thus it is not competing with the food and feed chain. The main purpose of this review article is to identify in what kind of polymeric materials wood biomass-based fatty acids and rosin acids have been applied and their impact on the properties.

scholarly journals Critical parameters for tall oil separation I: The importance of the ratio of fatty acids to rosin acids

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 547-555
Author(s):  
IOANNIS DOGARIS ◽  
MIKAEL LINDSTROM ◽  
GUNNAR HENRIKSSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Test System ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Oil Separation ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Rosin Acids

Tall oil is a valuable byproduct in chemical pulping of wood, and its fractions have a large spectrum of applications as chemical precursors, detergents, and fuel. High recovery of tall oil is important for the economic and environmental profile of chemical pulp mills. The purpose of this study was to investigate critical parameters of tall oil separation from black liquor. To investigate this in a controlled way, we developed a model test system using a “synthetic” black liquor (active cooking chemicals OH- and HS- ions), a complete process for soap skimming, and determination of recovered tall oil based on solvent extraction and colorimetric analysis, with good reproducibility. We used the developed system to study the effect of the ratio of fatty acids to rosin acids on tall oil separation. When high amounts of rosin acids were present, tall oil recovery was low, while high content of fatty acids above 60% significantly promoted tall oil separation. Therefore, manipulating the content of fatty acids in black liquor before the soap skimming step can significantly affect the tall oil solubility, and hence its separation. The findings open up chemical ways to improve the tall oil yield.

scholarly journals Producing biodiesel from yellow greases with high free fatty acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahacine Amrani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Oleate ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Methyl Butyrate

Biodiesel is a diesel replacement fuel that is manufactured from vegetable oils recycled cooking greases and oils or animal fats. Biodiesel offers many advantages because it is renewable, nontoxic, biodegradable, and suitable for sensitive environments. It can also be used in most diesel equipments with no or only minor modifications. These yellow greases contain great quantities of free fatty acids which form soaps in the presence of alkaline catalyst. Pretreatments of the raw material with acid catalysts are necessary to avoid the soap formation. The transesterification of yellow greases is supplemented in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. The greatest production of biodiesel corresponds to molar flows of 4.985 kmol.hr-1 of methyl oleate, and 4.658 kmol.hr-1 of methyl butyrate.

scholarly journals The use of crude tall oil as feed-stock for alkyd resins

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Z. Suarez ◽  
Sandra Einloft ◽  
Nara R. de S. Basso ◽  
Jonas A. Fernandes ◽  
Ladimir da Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Alkyd Resins ◽  
Feed Stock ◽  
Rosin Acids

AbstractThe synthesis of modified alkyd resins using a crude tall oil with a content of rosin acids of 39.8 % is described. This material has the composition of fatty acids close to soybean oil, has low cost and is widely available being a forest product industrial residue. The synthetic route includes the reaction of tall oil and maleic anhydride, in the presence of the catalyst (LiOH), followed by polyesterification reaction steps, resulting in an alkyd resin with interesting properties. The acid value (AN) and viscosity were used to follow the reaction, and it appears to be dependent upon the polyalcohol used in the polyesterification step. A period of 15 hours was needed to yield a tack-free coating.

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS COMPONENTS COMPOSITION IN THYMUS X CIRIODORUS VAR. «SILVER QUEEN» HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
J. M. Steshenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Мazulin ◽  
G. P. Smoylovska ◽  
G. V. Mazulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material

ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSESTERIFICATIONS PROCESS OF VEGETABLE OILS TRIGLYCERIDES WITH METHANOL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3630-3634
Author(s):  
T.A. Mamedova ◽  
Z.M. Aliyeva ◽  
A.E. Aliyeva ◽  
R.T. Samedov ◽  
V.M. Abbasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The process of producing mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids from cottonseed and sunflower oils under the influence of the magnetic field with intensity  15-45 mT  was  investigated . It was revealed that the use of the energy of  magnetic field allows to reduce the reaction time to 10 times, the excess of used alcohol to 2 times while maintaining high yield of the desired product.

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

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