scholarly journals Producing biodiesel from yellow greases with high free fatty acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahacine Amrani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Oleate ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Methyl Butyrate

Biodiesel is a diesel replacement fuel that is manufactured from vegetable oils recycled cooking greases and oils or animal fats. Biodiesel offers many advantages because it is renewable, nontoxic, biodegradable, and suitable for sensitive environments. It can also be used in most diesel equipments with no or only minor modifications. These yellow greases contain great quantities of free fatty acids which form soaps in the presence of alkaline catalyst. Pretreatments of the raw material with acid catalysts are necessary to avoid the soap formation. The transesterification of yellow greases is supplemented in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. The greatest production of biodiesel corresponds to molar flows of 4.985 kmol.hr-1 of methyl oleate, and 4.658 kmol.hr-1 of methyl butyrate.

Correlation between free fatty acids of vegetable oils evaluated by rapid tests and by the official method

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Cristina Osawa ◽  
Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves ◽  
Sidnei Ragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Rapid Tests

scholarly journals NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Enrica Di Pietro ◽  
Alberto Mannu ◽  
Andrea Mele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
13C And 31P Nmr

The identification and quantification of free fatty acids (FFA) in edible and non-edible vegetable oils, including waste cooking oils, is a crucial index to assess their quality and drives their use in different application fields. NMR spectroscopy represents an alternative tool to conventional methods for the determination of FFA content, providing us with interesting advantages. Here the approaches reported in the literature based on 1H, 13C and 31P NMR are illustrated and compared, highlighting the pros and cons of the suggested strategies.

The heterogeneous catalyst system for the continuous conversion of free fatty acids in used vegetable oils for the production of biodiesel

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Moo Park ◽  
Dae-Won Lee ◽  
Deog-Keun Kim ◽  
Jin-Suck Lee ◽  
Kwan-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Catalyst System

Acidity of oryzanol and its contribution to free fatty acids value in vegetable oils

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Gopala Krishna ◽  
K. H. Hemakumar ◽  
Sakina Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils

Efficient solid acid catalysts for esterification of free fatty acids with methanol for the production of biodiesel

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Srilatha ◽  
Ch. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
B. L. A. Prabhavathi Devi ◽  
R. B. N. Prasad ◽  
P. S. Sai Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts

scholarly journals pH-Metric Determination of the Acid Value of Vegetable Oils without Titration

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Kuselman ◽  
Yakov I Tur’yan ◽  
Oleg Y Berezin ◽  
Lina Kogan ◽  
Avinoam Shenhar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The acid value (AV) of vegetable oils is determined without titration by using a new reagent consisting of triethanolamine in a solution of water and isopropyl alcohol. When the oil sample is mixed with the reagent in the pH-metric cell, free fatty acids from the sample are extracted into the reagent ( 3 - 4 min). The initial pH, called conditional pH´, is measured, a standard acid (HC1) is added, and the final pH, pH´2, is measured. AV is calculated from the difference between pH´! and pH´2. The method is applicable for quality control of vegetable oils during their production, trade, and use

scholarly journals Catalytic Performance of Bulk and Al2O3-Supported Molybdenum Oxide for the Production of Biodiesel from Oil with High Free Fatty Acids Content

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Navajas ◽  
Inés Reyero ◽  
Elena Jiménez-Barrera ◽  
Francisca Romero-Sarria ◽  
Jordi Llorca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Molybdenum Oxide ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Basic Catalysts ◽  
Esterification Reactions

Non-edible vegetable oils are characterized by high contents of free fatty acids (FFAs) that prevent from using the conventional basic catalysts for the production of biodiesel. In this work, solid acid catalysts are used for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification with methanol of the FFAs and triglycerides contained in sunflower oil acidified with oleic acid. Molybdenum oxide (MoO3), which has been seldom considered as a catalyst for the production of biodiesel, was used in bulk and alumina-supported forms. Results showed that bulk MoO3 is very active for both transesterification and esterification reactions, but it suffered from severe molybdenum leaching in the reaction medium. When supported on Al2O3, the MoO3 performance improved in terms of active phase utilization and stability though molybdenum leaching remained significant. The improvement of catalytic performance was ascribed to the establishment of MoO3-Al2O3 interactions that favored the anchorage of molybdenum to the support and the formation of new strong acidic centers, although this effect was offset by a decrease of specific surface area. It is concluded that the development of stable catalysts based on MoO3 offers an attractive route for the valorization of oils with high FFAs content.

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