scholarly journals The Effect of Jackfruit Skin Powder and Fiber Bleaching Treatment in PLA Composites with Incorporation of Thymol

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Muhammad Najib Ahmad Marzuki ◽  
Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Tawakkal ◽  
Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri ◽  
Siti Hajar Othman ◽  
Siti Hasnah Kamarudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

Food packaging has seen a growth in the use of materials derived from renewable resources such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). However, the initial costs to produce bioplastics are typically high. Tropical fruit waste as naturally sourced fibres, such as jackfruit skin, can be used as a cost-reducing filler for PLA. The main objective in this study is to fabricate a low-cost natural fibre-reinforced polymer that potentially applies in packaging with the aid of bleaching treatment. The treatment shows a rougher surface fibre in Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and it is expected to have better mechanical locking with the matrix, and this is found similar with a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Unfortunately, fibre insertion does find low tensile performances, yet bleached-fibre composites improved its performance significantly. A similar situation was found in the thermal characterization where a low-thermal stability natural fibre composite has lower thermal behaviour and this increased with bleaching treatment. Besides, bleached-fibre composites have a longer service period. Besides, a 15 wt% thymol insertion inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria in the composites and the non-treated fibre composite has better thymol effects. The 30 wt% of the bleached-fibre insertion composite has a high potential to reduce the cost of bioplastic products with minimum alterations of overall performances.

scholarly journals Natural Vegetable Fibre / Plasticised Natural Vegetable Fibre - a Candidate for Low Cost and Fully Biodegradable Composite

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 096369359900800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Lu ◽  
Ming Qiu Zhang ◽  
Min Zhi Rong ◽  
Guang Shi ◽  
Gui Cheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Natural Fibre Composite ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Vegetable Fibre

A novel fibre composite consisting of natural vegetable fibre as the reinforcer and plasticised natural vegetable fibre as the matrix was studied. By means of cyanoethylation and chlorination, pine sawdust and chopped sisal were converted into thermoplastics and then compounded with sisal and ramie fibres. The natural fibre composite not only exhibits properties similar to those of conventional fibre composites, but also is characterised by easy processing, enviromental frendliness, low cost and capability of tailoring property due to the physically heterogeneous nature.

Conventional and unconventional machining performance of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 073168442095810
Author(s):  
Shanmugam Vigneshwaran ◽  
KM John ◽  
R Deepak Joel Johnson ◽  
Marimuthu Uthayakumar ◽  
V Arumugaprabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Unconventional Machining

Natural fibre composites are the promising replacement for synthetic fibre owing to their improved properties, and more importantly, natural fibres are biodegradable and of low cost. These characteristics have made them viable for contemporary engineering and structural applications. However, large scale production of natural fibre composites is in prone because of the challenges in manufacturing and machining. Fibre composite exhibits poor machinability characteristics owing to their heterogeneous and anisotropic behaviour. To overcome this problem, various steps and new methodologies have been established in the view to produce quality machining in natural fibre composites. In recent years, the possibility of conventional machining in natural fibre composites was also discussed. In the present review study, an effort has been taken in studying the fibre composite’s machining characteristics and their failure mechanism in both conventional and unconventional machining. The influence of process parameters in machining different natural fibre composites is also discussed.

Concurrent Engineering in Natural Fibre Composite Product Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Sapuan
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Concurrent Engineering ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibre Composite ◽  
Design For Sustainability ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Sugar Palm Fibre ◽  
Palm Fibre

In this paper a study of concurrent engineering in the development of product from natural fibre composites is presented. As far as the natural fibre composites are concerned, concurrent engineering is strongly linked to the design for sustainability because the design of natural fibre composite products fulfils the requirement of the design for sustainability, i.e. design for well-being of future generation. A study of the development of food packaging materials has been conducted. This study involved the development of sugar palm starch bio-polymer, selection of the most suitable bio-polymer, development of sugar palm fibre reinforced bio-polymer composites and design for food packaging of sugar palm fibre, specifically the sugar palm polymer composites.

scholarly journals Nanocomposites Materials of PLA Reinforced with Nanoclays Using a Masterbatch Technology: A Study of the Mechanical Performance and Its Sustainability

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Helena Oliver-Ortega ◽  
Josep Tresserras ◽  
Fernando Julian ◽  
Manel Alcalà ◽  
Alba Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Food Tray ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Being Moved

Packaging consumes around 40% of the total plastic production. One of the most important fields with high requirements is food packaging. Food packaging products have been commonly produced with petrol polymers, but due to environmental concerns, the market is being moved to biopolymers. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most promising biopolymer, as it is bio-based and biodegradable, and it is well established in the market. Nonetheless, its barrier properties need to be enhanced to be competitive with other polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Nanoclays improve the barrier properties of polymeric materials if correct dispersion and exfoliation are obtained. Thus, it marks a milestone to obtain an appropriate dispersion. A predispersed methodology is proposed as a compounding process to improve the dispersion of these composites instead of common melt procedures. Afterwards, the effect of the polarity of the matrix was analyzing using polar and surface modified nanoclays with contents ranging from 2 to 8% w/w. The results showed the suitability of the predispersed and concentrated compound, technically named masterbatch, to obtain intercalated structures and the higher dispersion of polar nanoclays. Finally, the mechanical performance and sustainability of the prepared materials were simulated in a food tray, showing the best assessment of these materials and their lower fingerprint.

Banana Fiber Reinforcement and Application in Composites

2016 ◽  
pp. 201-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Shandilya ◽  
Ayush Gupta ◽  
Deepak Verma
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Composites Materials ◽  
Fibre Composites

The growing awareness about sustainable development, environmental ecology and new legislations has led researchers to focus attention on bio fibres reinforced composites. In this field research has been done on many fibres but fibres such as banana, coir, bagasse, jute have gained importance in the recent decades. The main advantage of the natural fibre based composites materials being their low cost, easy availability, low density, acceptable specific properties, ease of separation, enhanced energy recovery, C02 neutrality, biodegradability and recyclability in nature. The attention is being given to the development of natural fibre composites is to explore value-added application avenues for their use and also for a sustainable and economical use of easily available natural material in hand. Agricultural waste is a very good example of such naturally available material and it can also be used to prepare composite materials for commercial use this has a very significant advantage over other natural fibres as its abundance and because of almost no cost.

Rice Husk Reinforcement in Polymer Composites

2016 ◽  
pp. 165-191
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
Deepak Verma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Petroleum Reserves

Increasing concern about global warming and depleting petroleum reserves and the high cost of petroleum products had made scientists to focus more on the use of natural fibres such as rice husk, baggase, coconut husk, hemp, sisal, jute, flax, banana etc. Past decade has shown many efforts to develop composites to replace the Petroleum and other non-decaying material products. Reinforcement with natural fibre in composites has recently gained attention due to low cost, easy availability, low density, acceptable, strength full, stiffness, ease of separation, enhanced energy recovery, biodegradability and recyclable in nature. Natural fibre composites are suitable as wood substitutes in the construction sector. All these have excellent physical, thermal and mechanical properties and can be utilized more effectively in the development of composite materials. In this connection, an investigation has been carried using rice husk, a natural fibre abundantly available in India.

scholarly journals Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kotsilkov ◽  
Evgeni Ivanov ◽  
Nikolay Vitanov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Matrix

Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and for the functionality of biodegradable polymers for packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of humans and the environment to such nanomaterials; this brings up questions about the risks of nanomaterials, since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or whether they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work, the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of the matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment of the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowaste stream.

Thermal Characterization of Polyurethane from Castor Oil Reinforced Sugarcane Straw Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1103-1106
Author(s):  
Patricia Câmara Miléo ◽  
George Jackson de Moraes Rocha ◽  
Adilson Roberto Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
One Step ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Environmental Interests

The development in the area of natural-fibre-reinforced composites has greatly increased in recent years. Using castor oil polyurethane (PU) as matrix for composites reinforced with lignin and cellulose from sugarcane straw is in tune with economical and environmental interests. The aim of this work was the thermal degradation study of castor oil-polyurethane composites reinforced with cellulose from sugarcane straw. For the obtainment of cellulose, sugarcane straw was pretreated by steam explosion, followed by a delignification with NaOH. For the production of the PU, the polyol (castor oil) to diisocyanate mass ratio was 1.5:1.0. Reinforcement of the matrix was done changing the concentration of cellulose fibres (5,10,15,20% w/w). Thermogravimetric analysis of the materials was carried out. The results obtained showed that the process of decomposition of the matrix occurs in one step, while for the composites it occurs in two steps. The addition of reinforcement in the matrix basically did not change the thermal stability of the composite.

scholarly journals Multifunctional PLA Blends Containing Chitosan Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: Thermal, Mechanical, Antibacterial, and Degradation Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agueda Sonseca ◽  
Salim Madani ◽  
Gema Rodríguez ◽  
Víctor Hevilla ◽  
Coro Echeverría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Degradation Properties

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most commonly employed synthetic biopolymers for facing plastic waste problems. Despite its numerous strengths, its inherent brittleness, low toughness, and thermal stability, as well as a relatively slow crystallization rate represent some limiting properties when packaging is its final intended application. In the present work, silver nanoparticles obtained from a facile and green synthesis method, mediated with chitosan as a reducing and stabilizing agent, have been introduced in the oligomeric lactic acid (OLA) plasticized PLA in order to obtain nanocomposites with enhanced properties to find potential application as antibacterial food packaging materials. In this way, the green character of the matrix and plasticizer was preserved by using an eco-friendly synthesis protocol of the nanofiller. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results proved the modification of the crystalline structure as well as the crystallinity of the pristine matrix when chitosan mediated silver nanoparticles (AgCH-NPs) were present. The final effect over the thermal stability, mechanical properties, degradation under composting conditions, and antimicrobial behavior when AgCH-NPs were added to the neat plasticized PLA matrix was also investigated. The obtained results revealed interesting properties of the final nanocomposites to be applied as materials for the targeted application.

Fabrication and Testing of Abaca Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automotive Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja R. Niranjan ◽  
S. Junaid Kokan ◽  
R. Sathya Narayanan ◽  
S. Rajesh ◽  
V.M. Manickavasagam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
The Matrix

The natural fibre composite materials are nowadays playing a vital role in replacing the conventional and synthetic materials for industrial applications. This paper proposes a natural fiber composite made of Abaca fibre as reinforcing agent with Epoxy resin as the matrix, manufactured using Hand Lay-up method. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (woven rovings) are used to improve the surface finish and impart more strength and stiffness to natural fibers. In this work, the fibers are arranged in alternative layers of abaca in horizontal and vertical orientation. The mechanical properties of the composite are determined by testing the samples for tensile and flexural strength. It is observed that the tensile strength of the composite material is dependent on the strength of the natural fiber and also on the interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix. The composite is developed for automobile dashboard/mudguard application. It may also be extended to biomedical, electronics and sports goods manufacturing. It can also be used in marine products due to excellent resistance of abaca to salt water damage since the tensile strength when it is wet.

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