scholarly journals Colorimetric Textile Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of NH3 and HCl Gases

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2595
Author(s):  
Young Ki Park ◽  
Hyun Ju Oh ◽  
Jong Hyuk Bae ◽  
Jee Young Lim ◽  
Hee Dong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
High Production

For the immediate detection of strong gaseous alkalis and acids, colorimetric textile sensors based on halochromic dyes are highly valuable for monitoring gas leakages. To date, colorimetric textile sensors for dual-gas detection have usually been fabricated by electrospinning methods. Although nanofibrous sensors have excellent pH sensitivity, they are difficult to use commercially because of their low durability, low productivity, and high production costs. In this study, we introduce novel textile sensors with high pH sensitivity and durability via a facile and low-cost screen-printing method. To fabricate these textiles sensors, Dye 3 and RhYK dyes were both incorporated into a polyester fabric. The fabricated sensors exhibited high detection rates (<10 s) and distinctive color changes under alkaline or acidic conditions, even at low gas concentrations. Furthermore, the fabricated sensors showed an outstanding durability and reversibility after washing and drying and were confirmed to contain limited amounts of hazardous materials. Thus, our results show that the fabricated textile sensors could be used in safety apparel that changes its color in the presence of harmful gases.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Colorimetric Textile Sensor Based on Rhodamine Dye for Acidic Gas Detection

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Ki Park ◽  
Byeong M. Oh ◽  
A Ra Jo ◽  
Ji Hyeon Han ◽  
Jee Young Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Printed Sensors ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Rhodamine Dye ◽  
Strong Acids ◽  
High Reaction Rate

For the immediate detection of gaseous strong acids, it is advantageous to employ colorimetric textile sensors based on halochromic dyes. Thus, a rhodamine dye with superior pH sensitivity and high thermal stability was synthesized and incorporated in nylon 6 and polyester fabrics to fabricate textile sensors through dyeing and printing methods. The spectral properties and solubility of the dye were examined; sensitivity to acidic gas as well as durability and reversibility of the fabricated textile sensors were investigated. Both dyed and printed sensors exhibited a high reaction rate and distinctive color change under the acidic condition owing to the high pH sensitivity of the dye. In addition, both sensors have outstanding durability and reversibility after washing and drying.

scholarly journals Application of a Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus cereus UCP 1615 from Waste Frying Oil as an Emulsifier in a Cookie Formulation

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Italo J. B. Durval ◽  
Beatriz G. Ribeiro ◽  
Jaciana S. Aguiar ◽  
Raquel D. Rufino ◽  
Attilio Converti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Kidney Epithelial Cell ◽  
High Production ◽  
Emulsifying Capacity

Biosurfactants have attracted increasing interest from the food industry due to their emulsifying, foaming and solubilizing properties. However, the industrial use of microbial biosurfactants has been hampered by the high production costs related mainly to the use of expensive substrates. The search for low-cost alternative substrates is one of the strategies adopted to overcome this problem. In the present study, a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus cereus UCP1615 by fermentation in a medium supplemented with waste frying soybean oil as a low-cost substrate was evaluated as a bioemulsifier for the production of cookies. The biosurfactant was evaluated for its emulsifying capacity against different vegetable oils, antioxidant activity and toxicity, demonstrating favorable results for use in food. In particular, it showed satisfactory antioxidant activity at the tested concentrations and no cytotoxicity to the L929 (mouse fibroblast) and Vero (monkey kidney epithelial) cell lines using the MTT assay. The biosurfactant was then added at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) to a standard cookie dough formulation to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the product. Cookies formulated with the biosurfactant exhibited similar energy and physical characteristics to those obtained with the standard formulation but with a lower moisture content. The biosurfactant also ensured a good preservation of the cookie texture after 45 days of storage. These results suggest that the biosurfactant has a potential application as a green emulsifier in accordance with the demands of the current market for biocompatible products.

A Study of Digital Watermark Algorithm Based on HVS for Halftone Images

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Chun Hui Feng ◽  
Quan Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Watermark ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Power Spectrum Method ◽  
High Production ◽  
Good Transparency ◽  
Halftone Images

Special printing material and special techniques are used for the purpose of fighting against the piracy of the presswork. But these methods require high standard technology and high production costs. Using digital watermark can guarantee a strong and low cost protection for the presswork. Existing digital watermark algorithms for halftone images are mostly applied to FM (Frequency Modulation) screening and these algorithms usually complete the embedding process by modulating the coefficients of the frequency domain. Such algorithms are relatively complex, and they are easy to lose information so that it will make a lower detection probability. Moreover, in the actual printing process, AM (Amplitude Modulation) screening is the more mature and more widely used method compared with FM screening. The subject of this article is monochrome presswork generated by AM screening. The structure of this article is as follows: The first section uses the principle of HVS (Human Visual System) model to select the area in which the watermark will be embedded. The second section uses different screening threshold matrixes to create the printing dots in the selected area. In this way, a texture of certain direction is formed. The last section uses Fourier Power Spectrum method to detect the texture features of the screened image to complete the detection of the watermark. The result of the experiment shows that this algorithm can generate a digital watermark of good transparency and high detection effectiveness. It combines a unique AM screening approach to complete the embedding process. All the processes do not require any additional equipment, and the embedding and detection process are quite simple.

Adaptation of the rearing boars to low-cost, environmentally safe technology in unheated premises

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Vasyl Voloshchuk ◽  
Dmytro Chertkov ◽  
Bohdan Chertkov ◽  
Andrii Onyshchenko ◽  
Tetiana Konks
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
High Production ◽  
Growing Conditions

The dynamics of the development of pig breeding in recent years indicates that when housing the breeding stock and rearing young animals in premises with traditional technology and the use of artificial microclimate complicates the technological process of production of pig breeding and creates a number of significant problems. Typical problems for industrial complexes, pedigree plants, breeders and large agricultural enterprises for the production of commercial pork are high production costs and high production costs. The existing systems for raising young pigs have fundamental shortcomings, among them: systems for the removal and disposal of environmentally hazardous liquid manure, microclimate disturbances, crowding in a pigsty; limited movement, slotted floors; frequent change of premises or technology groups; increased stress due to imperfect technology of maintenance and lack of biological adaptation and inadequate care for sows. In this regard, a scientifically and economically sound search for new adaptation methods was needed aimed at increasing the body's stability and maintaining its high productivity at pedigree farms, pedigree producers and various agroformations for the production of pig production. In the materials the results of studies of the adaptation of the boar to the growing conditions and feeding with the introduction in the diet of green hydroponic feed and its impact on their growth and development. The positive influence of the method of differential feeding with the introduction in the diet of green hydroponic feed, when using a multi-technological equipment for single-phase rearing boars in the conditions of low-cost, energy preservation, environmentally friendly technologies long non-replaceable on a deep litter of straw with a sandy base in unheated areas. Key words: single-phase rearing boars, reproductive qualities, hydroponic green fodder, low-cost technology, unheated premises.

AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah & Al-Taye
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
High Production ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh  (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields.  The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the    importation of red meat importation  in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

scholarly journals Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crosino ◽  
Elisa Moscato ◽  
Marco Blangetti ◽  
Gennaro Carotenuto ◽  
Federica Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Major Interest

AbstractShort chain chitooligosaccharides (COs) are chitin derivative molecules involved in plant-fungus signaling during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. In host plants, COs activate a symbiotic signalling pathway that regulates AM-related gene expression. Furthermore, exogenous CO application was shown to promote AM establishment, with a major interest for agricultural applications of AM fungi as biofertilizers. Currently, the main source of commercial COs is from the shrimp processing industry, but purification costs and environmental concerns limit the convenience of this approach. In an attempt to find a low cost and low impact alternative, this work aimed to isolate, characterize and test the bioactivity of COs from selected strains of phylogenetically distant filamentous fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Trichoderma viride. Our optimized protocol successfully isolated short chain COs from lyophilized fungal biomass. Fungal COs were more acetylated and displayed a higher biological activity compared to shrimp-derived COs, a feature that—alongside low production costs—opens promising perspectives for the large scale use of COs in agriculture.

scholarly journals Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Tamás Mizik ◽  
Gábor Gyarmati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Production

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last decade. Depleted stocks of crude oil and the significant level of environmental pollution encourage researchers and professionals to seek and find solutions. The study aims to analyze the economic and sustainability issues of biodiesel production by a systematic literature review. During this process, 53 relevant studies were analyzed out of 13,069 identified articles. Every study agrees that there are several concerns about the first-generation technology; however, further generations cannot be price-competitive at this moment due to the immature technology and high production costs. However, there are promising alternatives, such as wastewater-based microalgae with up to 70% oil content, fat, oils and grease (FOG), when production cost is below 799 USD/gallon, and municipal solid waste-volatile fatty acids technology, where the raw material is free. Proper management of the co-products (mainly glycerol) is essential, especially at the currently low petroleum prices (0.29 USD/L), which can only be handled by the biorefineries. Sustainability is sometimes translated as cost efficiency, but the complex interpretation is becoming more common. Common elements of sustainability are environmental and social, as well as economic, issues.

scholarly journals Properties of Low-Cost WPCs Made from Alien Invasive Trees and rLDPE for Interior Use in Social Housing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sadiq Mohammed ◽  
Martina Meincken
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Invasive Trees ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

Low-cost wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were developed from invasive trees and recycled low-density polyethylene. The aim was to produce affordable building materials for low-cost social housing in South Africa. Both raw materials are regarded as waste materials, and the subsequent product development adds value to the resources, while simultaneously reducing the waste stream. The production costs were minimised by utilising the entire biomass of Acacia saligna salvaged from clearing operations without any prior processing, and low-grade recycled low-density polyethylene to make WPCs without any additives. Different biomass/plastic ratios, particle sizes, and press settings were evaluated to determine the optimum processing parameters to obtain WPCs with adequate properties. The water absorption, dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and tensile moduli were improved at longer press times and higher temperatures for all blending ratios. This has been attributed to the crystallisation of the lignocellulose and thermally induced cross-linking in the polyethylene. An increased biomass ratio and particle size were positively correlated with water absorption and thickness swelling and inversely related with MOR, tensile strength, and density due to an incomplete encapsulation of the biomass by the plastic matrix. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilising low-grade recycled polyethylene and the whole-tree biomass of A. saligna, without the need for pre-processing and the addition of expensive modifiers, to produce WPCs with properties that satisfy the minimum requirements for interior cladding or ceiling material.

scholarly journals Molecularly imprinted electrospun fiber membrane for colorimetric detection of hexanoic acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-510
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Ying ◽  
Jieyuan He ◽  
Xiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Imagej Software

Abstract An imprinted electrospun fiber membrane was developed for the detection of volatile organic acids, which are key components of human body odor. In this study, hexanoic acid (HA) was selected as the target, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the substrate, and colorimetric detection of HA was achieved by a bromocresol purple (BCP) chromogenic agent. The results showed that the morphology of the fiber membrane was uniform and continuous, and it showed excellent selectivity and specificity to HA. Photographs of the color changes before and after fiber membrane adsorption were recorded by a camera and quantified by ImageJ software by the difference in gray value (ΔGray). This method is simple, intuitive, and low cost and has great potential for application in human odor analysis.

Tool Approach Directions for Machining Protrusion and Depression Features in an Object

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekhar Karra ◽  
Thomas A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Process Plans ◽  
Manufacturing Problems ◽  
Lower Production

Abstract The success of any industry in today’s highly competitive market is largely dependent on its ability to produce quality products, quickly and at low cost. Evaluating the effect of a product design on its manufacture is crucial in developing efficient designs. Any potential manufacturing problems detected at this stage can be corrected by modifying the design, leading to shorter product development cycles and lower production costs. This paper presents an algorithm to determine feasible tool approach directions. The algorithm is based on detecting if any part of the object obstructs the tool path. The basis for the algorithm is determining feasible approach directions and clearances around a planar polygonal face. The algorithm is applicable to both protrusions and depressions. The information is useful in performing manufacturability analysis of designs and develop process plans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document