scholarly journals Biopolymer Hydrogel Scaffold as an Artificial Cell Niche for Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Marfa N. Egorikhina ◽  
Yulia P. Rubtsova ◽  
Irina N. Charykova ◽  
Marina L. Bugrova ◽  
Irina I. Bronnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Scaffold Structure ◽  
Niche Concept ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
External Signals

The activity of stem cell processes is regulated by internal and external signals of the cell “niche”. In general, the niche of stem cells can be represented as the microenvironment of the cells, providing a signal complex, determining the properties of the cells. At the same time, the “niche” concept implies feedback. Cells can modify their microenvironment, supporting homeostasis or remodeling the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. To ensure the regenerative potential of tissue engineering products the “niche” concept should be taken into account. To investigate interactions in an experimental niche, an original hydrogel biopolymer scaffold with encapsulated mesenchymal adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) was used in this study. The scaffold provides for cell adhesion, active cell growth, and proliferative activity. Cells cultured within a scaffold are distinguished by the presence of a developed cytoskeleton and they form a cellular network. ASCs cultured within a scaffold change their microenvironment by secreting VEGF-A and remodeling the scaffold structure. Scaffold biodegradation processes were evaluated after previous culturing of the ASCs in the scaffolds for periods of either 24 h or six days. The revealed differences confirmed that changes had occurred in the properties of scaffolds remodeled by cells during cultivation. The mechanisms of the identified changes and the possibility of considering the presented scaffold as an appropriate artificial niche for ASCs are discussed.

scholarly journals Bone Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Injectable Thermo-Gelling Hydrogel Scaffold Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Liao ◽  
Ming-Jin Tsai ◽  
Manuri Brahmayya ◽  
Jyh-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold

For bone regeneration, a biocompatible thermo-gelling hydrogel, hyaluronic acid-g-chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HA-CPN) was used as a three-dimensional organic gel matrix for entrapping rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs). Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic microparticles were embedded within the gel matrix as a mineralized bone matrix, which was further fortified with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with osteo-inductive properties. In vitro culture of rASCs in HA-CPN and HA-CPN/PRP/BCP was compared for cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Overall, HA-CPN/PRP/BCP was a better injectable cell carrier for osteogenesis of rASCs with increased cell proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity, enhanced calcium deposition and mineralization of extracellular matrix, and up-regulated expression of genetic markers of osteogenesis. By implanting HA-CPN/PRP/BCP/rASCs constructs in rabbit critical size calvarial bone defects, new bone formation at the defect site was successfully demonstrated from computed tomography, and histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Taken together, by combining PRP and BCP as the osteo-inductive and osteo-conductive factor with HA-CPN, we successfully demonstrated the thermo-gelling composite hydrogel scaffold could promote the osteogenesis of rASCs for bone tissue engineering applications.

Ex vivo organ culture of adipose tissue for in situ mobilization of adipose-derived stem cells and defining the stem cell niche

2010 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Il Yang ◽  
Hyeong-In Kim ◽  
Min-Young Choi ◽  
Sung-Hee Son ◽  
Min-Jeong Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Niche

Diabetic Adipose Derived Stem Cells Display Functional Impairments in the Setting of a Regenerative Biomimetic Hydrogel Scaffold

2013 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rennert ◽  
Michael Sorkin ◽  
Revanth Kosaraju ◽  
Michael T. Chung ◽  
James Lennon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold

scholarly journals Drosophila's contribution to stem cell research

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Gyanesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
External Signals

The discovery of Drosophila stem cells with striking similarities to mammalian stem cells has brought new hope for stem cell research. A recent development in Drosophila stem cell research is bringing wider opportunities for contemporary stem cell biologists. In this regard, Drosophila germ cells are becoming a popular model of stem cell research. In several cases, genes that controlled Drosophila stem cells were later discovered to have functional homologs in mammalian stem cells. Like mammals, Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs) are controlled by both intrinsic as well as external signals. Inside the Drosophila testes, germline and somatic stem cells form a cluster of cells (the hub). Hub cells depend on JAK-STAT signaling, and, in absence of this signal, they do not self-renew. In Drosophila, significant changes occur within the stem cell niche that contributes to a decline in stem cell number over time. In case of aging Drosophila, somatic niche cells show reduced DE-cadherin and unpaired (Upd) proteins. Unpaired proteins are known to directly decrease stem cell number within the niches, and, overexpression of upd within niche cells restored GSCs in older males also . Stem cells in the midgut of Drosophila are also very promising. Reduced Notch signaling was found to increase the number of midgut progenitor cells. On the other hand, activation of the Notch pathway decreased proliferation of these cells. Further research in this area should lead to the discovery of additional factors that regulate stem and progenitor cells in Drosophila.

scholarly journals Synergistic effects of conductivity and cell-imprinted topography of chitosan-polyaniline based scaffolds for neural differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnaz Sadat Eftekhari ◽  
Mahnaz Eskandari ◽  
Paul Janmey ◽  
Ali Samadikuchaksaraei ◽  
Mazaher Gholipurmalekabadi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Altered Gene

AbstractSmart nano-environments that mimic the stem cell niche can guide cell behavior to support functional repair and regeneration of tissues. The specific microenvironment of nervous tissue is composed of several physical signaling factors, including proper topography, flexibility, and electric conductance. In this study, a cell-imprinting technique was used to obtain a hierarchical topographical conductive scaffold based on chitosan-polyaniline (PANI) hydrogels for directing the neural differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs). A chitosan-polyaniline hydrogel was synthesized, followed by characterization tests, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrical conductivity, Young modulus, and contact angle measurements. A chitosan-PANI scaffold with a biomimetic topography was fabricated by molding it on a chemically fixed culture of PC12 cells. This substrate was used to test the hypothesis that the PC12 cell-imprinted chitosan-PANI hydrogel provides the required hierarchical topographical surface to induce neural differentiation. To test the importance of spatial imprinting, rADSCs were seeded on these conductive patterned substrates, and the resulting cultures were compared to those of the same cells grown on flat conductive chitosan-polyaniline, and flat pure chitosan substrates for evaluation of adhesion, cell viability, and expression of neural differentiation markers. The morphology of rADSCs grown on conductive patterned scaffolds noticeably was significantly different from that of stem cells cultivated on flat scaffolds. This difference suggests that the change in cell and nuclear shape imposed by the patterned conductive substrate leads to altered gene expression and neural differentiation of cultured cells. In summary, a conductive chitosan-polyaniline scaffold with biomimetic topography demonstrates a promising method for enhancing the neural differentiation of rADSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Generation of a Fibrin Based Three-Layered Skin Substitute

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kober ◽  
Alfred Gugerell ◽  
Melanie Schmid ◽  
Lars-Peter Kamolz ◽  
Maike Keck
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Skin Substitute ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Skin Substitutes ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
First Time

A variety of skin substitutes that restore epidermal and dermal structures are currently available on the market. However, the main focus in research and clinical application lies on dermal and epidermal substitutes whereas the development of a subcutaneous replacement (hypodermis) is often disregarded. In this study we used fibrin sealant as hydrogel scaffold to generate a three-layered skin substitute. For the hypodermal layer adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes were embedded in the fibrin hydrogel and were combined with another fibrin clot with fibroblasts for the construction of the dermal layer. Keratinocytes were added on top of the two-layered construct to form the epidermal layer. The three-layered construct was cultivated for up to 3 weeks. Our results show that ASCs and fibroblasts were viable, proliferated normally, and showed physiological morphology in the skin substitute. ASCs were able to differentiate into mature adipocytes during the course of four weeks and showed morphological resemblance to native adipose tissue. On the surface keratinocytes formed an epithelial-like layer. For the first time we were able to generate a three-layered skin substitute based on a fibrin hydrogel not only serving as a dermal and epidermal substitute but also including the hypodermis.

scholarly journals Protective Mechanism of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Remodelling of the Skin Stem Cell Niche During Photoaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2456-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Gong ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Chunyang Li ◽  
Xu Ma ◽  
Daping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Skin Photoaging ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Bmp Signalling ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

Background/Aims: Skin photoaging is primarily caused by the functional attrition of skin stem cells. The skin stem cell niche plays an important role in maintaining stem cell survival and behaviour. In our study, we hypothesized that UVB irradiation induces skin photoaging by changing skin stem cell niches and that transferred adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can remodel the niches by affecting the BMP signalling pathway and transdifferentiating into skin stem cells. Methods: Sixty-four C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: a control group, the UVB group and the UVB+ADSCs group. Western blot assays, immunofluorescence analysis and real-time PCR were used to measure differences in the expression of niche components among the three groups. Furthermore, we tested whether transplanted ADSCs express skin stem cell markers, such as p63, α6-integrin and CD34. Results: The expression levels of Bmp4, its downstream factors Smad1 and MAPK1 and a regulatory factor of the niche, i.e., NFATc1, were lower in the UVB group than were those in the control group (P< 0.05) but higher in the UVB+ADSCs group than were those in the UVB group (P< 0.05). Compared with Bmp4, Nanog (a downstream factor of Bmp4), and MMP13 (a regulatory factor of the niche), ICAM-1 (a proinflammatory gene), p63 (a basal transcription factor), β1-integrin, Mtnr1a and Tyr (melanogenesis-related factors) showed the opposite expression trends (P< 0.05). Bmp2 and Collagen IV levels did not significantly change among the three groups (P> 0.05). Skin stem cell markers, such as p63, α6-integrin and CD34, were coexpressed in the ADSCs, which suggested the ADSCs may transdifferentiate into skin stem cells. Conclusion: We found that UVB irradiation results in typical photoaging signs by altering skin stem cell niches and that Bmp4 was a key factor in BMP signalling in hair follicles. ADSCs reversed these typical photoaging signs by remodelling skin stem cell niches through BMP4 pathway modulation and transdifferentiation into skin stem cells.

Concept of Hematopoietic and Stromal Niches for Cell-Based Diagnostics and Regenerative Medicine (a Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (26) ◽  
pp. 3034-3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Khlusov ◽  
Larisa S. Litvinova ◽  
Marina Yu. Khlusova ◽  
Kristina A. Yurova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Niche Concept ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Definition Of

Background: R. Schofield (1978) proposed a hypothesis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) niche (specialized cell microenvironment). An existence of osteoblastic and vascular niches for HSCs has been postulated since 2003. At the same time, the discussion about the existence and functioning of niche for multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) is just beginning to develop. The design of artificial materials capable of biomimetical reproductionof the cellular and tissue microenvironment based on ideas and main elements borrowed from wildlife is an experimental approach in search of the stem cell niches. Results: Recent attempts to model the microterritories (niches) for HSCs have been undertaken and the behavior of cells in such structures has been investigated. However, the main quantitative factors involved in the original design of stem cell microterritories remain unknown. At the modern stage, the topography, hierarchy, and the size of the niches have to be determined, because the definition of the niches as morphological (structural and functional) units (microterritories), which provides the conditions for vital activity of stem cells, implies finite values of its parameters. The aim of this review was the critical review of key milestones of the niche concept for HSCs and MMSCs as we understood it. Conclusion: We speculated our definition of the stem cell niche, proposed and described certain stages (postulation; morphofunctional; topographical; quantitative; bioengineering) of the niche theory development. Prospective directions of the niche designing for cell-based diagnostics and regenerative medicine were noted.

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