scholarly journals Protective Mechanism of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Remodelling of the Skin Stem Cell Niche During Photoaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2456-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Gong ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Chunyang Li ◽  
Xu Ma ◽  
Daping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Skin Photoaging ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Bmp Signalling ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

Background/Aims: Skin photoaging is primarily caused by the functional attrition of skin stem cells. The skin stem cell niche plays an important role in maintaining stem cell survival and behaviour. In our study, we hypothesized that UVB irradiation induces skin photoaging by changing skin stem cell niches and that transferred adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can remodel the niches by affecting the BMP signalling pathway and transdifferentiating into skin stem cells. Methods: Sixty-four C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: a control group, the UVB group and the UVB+ADSCs group. Western blot assays, immunofluorescence analysis and real-time PCR were used to measure differences in the expression of niche components among the three groups. Furthermore, we tested whether transplanted ADSCs express skin stem cell markers, such as p63, α6-integrin and CD34. Results: The expression levels of Bmp4, its downstream factors Smad1 and MAPK1 and a regulatory factor of the niche, i.e., NFATc1, were lower in the UVB group than were those in the control group (P< 0.05) but higher in the UVB+ADSCs group than were those in the UVB group (P< 0.05). Compared with Bmp4, Nanog (a downstream factor of Bmp4), and MMP13 (a regulatory factor of the niche), ICAM-1 (a proinflammatory gene), p63 (a basal transcription factor), β1-integrin, Mtnr1a and Tyr (melanogenesis-related factors) showed the opposite expression trends (P< 0.05). Bmp2 and Collagen IV levels did not significantly change among the three groups (P> 0.05). Skin stem cell markers, such as p63, α6-integrin and CD34, were coexpressed in the ADSCs, which suggested the ADSCs may transdifferentiate into skin stem cells. Conclusion: We found that UVB irradiation results in typical photoaging signs by altering skin stem cell niches and that Bmp4 was a key factor in BMP signalling in hair follicles. ADSCs reversed these typical photoaging signs by remodelling skin stem cell niches through BMP4 pathway modulation and transdifferentiation into skin stem cells.

scholarly journals Hemmule: A Novel Structure with the Properties of the Stem Cell Niche

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Vitaly Vodyanoy ◽  
Oleg Pustovyy ◽  
Ludmila Globa ◽  
Randy J. Kulesza ◽  
Iryna Sorokulova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Rat Bone

Stem cells are nurtured and regulated by a specialized microenvironment known as stem cell niche. While the functions of the niches are well defined, their structure and location remain unclear. We have identified, in rat bone marrow, the seat of hematopoietic stem cells—extensively vascularized node-like compartments that fit the requirements for stem cell niche and that we called hemmules. Hemmules are round or oval structures of about one millimeter in diameter that are surrounded by a fine capsule, have afferent and efferent vessels, are filled with the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial stem cells, and contain cells of the megakaryocyte family, which are known for homeostatic quiescence and contribution to the bone marrow environment. We propose that hemmules are the long sought hematopoietic stem cell niches and that they are prototypical of stem cell niches in other organs.

Ex vivo organ culture of adipose tissue for in situ mobilization of adipose-derived stem cells and defining the stem cell niche

2010 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Il Yang ◽  
Hyeong-In Kim ◽  
Min-Young Choi ◽  
Sung-Hee Son ◽  
Min-Jeong Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Renal capsule as a stem cell niche

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (5) ◽  
pp. F1254-F1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Cheon Park ◽  
Kaoru Yasuda ◽  
Mei-Chuan Kuo ◽  
Jie Ni ◽  
Brian Ratliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Cell Niche

Renal resident stem cells were previously reported within the renal tubules and papillary area. The aim of the present study was to determine whether renal capsules harbor stem cells and whether this pool can be recruited to the renal parenchyma after ischemic injury. We demonstrated the presence of label-retaining cells throughout the renal capsule, at a density of ∼10 cells/mm2, and their close apposition to the blood vessels. By flow cytometry, in vitro cultured cells derived from the renal capsule were positive for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers (CD29+, vimentin+, Sca-1+, nestin+) but did not express hematopoietic and endothelial stem cell markers. Moreover, renal capsule-derived cells also exhibited self-renewal, clonogenicity, and multipotency in differentiation conditions, all favoring stem cell characteristics and identifying them with MSC. In situ labeling of renal capsules with CM-DiI CellTracker demonstrated in vivo a directed migration of CM-DiI-labeled cells to the ischemic renal parenchyma, with the rate of migration averaging 30 μm/h. Decapsulation of the kidneys during ischemia resulted in a modest, but statistically significant, deceleration of recovery of plasma creatinine compared with ischemic kidneys with intact renal capsule. Comparison of these conditions allows the conclusion that renal capsular cells may contribute ∼25–30% of the recovery from ischemia. In conclusion, the data suggest that the renal capsule may function as a novel stem cell niche harboring MSC capable of participating in the repair of renal injury.

scholarly journals Hemmule: A Novel Structure with the Properties of the Stem Cell Niche

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Vodyanoy ◽  
Oleg Pustovyy ◽  
Ludmila Globa ◽  
Randy J Kulesza Jr ◽  
Iryna Sorokulova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Rat Bone

Stem cells are nurtured and regulated by a specialized microenvironment known as stem cell niche. While the functions of the niches are well defined, their structure and location remain unclear. We have identified in rat bone marrow, the seat of hematopoietic stem cells, extensively vascularized node-like compartments that fit the requirements for stem cell niche and which we called hemmules. Hemmules are round or oval structures of about one millimeter in diameter that are surrounded by a fine capsule, have afferent and efferent vessels, are filled with the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial stem cells, and contain cells of the megakaryocyte family, which are known for homeostatic quiescence and contribution to the bone marrow environment. We propose that hemmules are the long sought hematopoietic stem cell niches and that they are prototypical of stem cell niches in other organs.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary Trade-off between Stem Cell Niche Size, Aging, and Tumorigenesis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent L. Cannataro ◽  
Scott A. McKinley ◽  
Colette M. St. Mary
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Tissue Aging ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

AbstractMany epithelial tissues within large multicellular organisms are continually replenished by small independent populations of stem cells. These stem cells divide within their niches and differentiate into the constituent cell types of the tissue, and are largely responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Mutations can accumulate in stem cell niches and change the rate of stem cell division and differentiation, contributing to both aging and tumorigenesis. Here, we create a mathematical model of the intestinal stem cell niche, crypt system, and epithelium. We calculate the expected effect of fixed mutations in stem cell niches and their expected effect on tissue homeostasis throughout the intestinal epithelium over the lifetime of an organism. We find that, due to the small population size of stem cell niches, fixed mutations are expected to accumulate via genetic drift and decrease stem cell fitness, leading to niche and tissue attrition, and contributing to organismal aging. We also explore mutation accumulation at various stem cell niche sizes, and demonstrate that an evolutionary trade-off exists between niche size, tissue aging, and the risk of tumorigenesis; where niches exist at a size that minimizes the probability of tumorigenesis, at the expense of accumulating deleterious mutations due to genetic drift. Finally, we show that the probability of tumorigenesis and the extent of aging trade-off differently depending on whether mutational effects confer a selective advantage, or not, in the stem cell niche.

scholarly journals Phage-Based Artificial Niche: The Recent Progress and Future Opportunities in Stem Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitiz Raj Shrestha ◽  
So Young Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

Self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells can be the best option for treating intractable diseases in regenerative medicine, and they occur when these cells reside in a special microenvironment, called the “stem cell niche.” Thus, the niche is crucial for the effective performance of the stem cells in bothin vivoandin vitrosince the niche provides its functional cues by interacting with stem cells chemically, physically, or topologically. This review provides a perspective on the different types of artificial niches including engineered phage and how they could be used to recapitulate or manipulate stem cell niches. Phage-based artificial niche engineering as a promising therapeutic strategy for repair and regeneration of tissues is also discussed.

Tissue Stem Cells and Stem Cell Niche of the Human Vocal Fold

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
S. Chitose ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
F. Sato ◽  
T. Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Immunostaining of Lgr5, an Intestinal Stem Cell Marker, in Normal and Premalignant Human Gastrointestinal Tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laren Becker ◽  
Qin Huang ◽  
Hiroshi Mashimo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Colonic Adenomas ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Crypt Base

Lgr5 has recently been identified as a murine marker of intestinal stem cells. Its expression has not been well characterized in human gastrointestinal tissues, but has been reported in certain cancers. With the increasing appreciation for the role of cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells in certain tumors, we sought to explore the expression of Lgr5 in normal and premalignant human gastrointestinal tissues. Using standard immunostaining, we compared expression of Lgr5 in normal colon and small intestine vs. small intestinal and colonic adenomas and Barrett's esophagus. In the normal tissue, Lgr5 was expressed in the expected stem cell niche, at the base of crypts, as seen in mice. However, in premalignant lesions, Lgr5+cells were not restricted to the crypt base. Additionally, their overall numbers were increased. In colonic adenomas, Lgr5+cells were commonly found clustered at the luminal surface and rarely at the crypt base. Finally, we compared immunostaining of Lgr5 with that of CD133, a previously characterized marker for tumor-initiating cells in colon cancer, and found that they identified distinct subpopulations of cells that were in close proximity, but did not costain. Our findings suggest that (1) Lgr5 is a potential marker of intestinal stem cells in humans and (2) loss of restriction to the stem cell niche is an early event in the premalignant transformation of stem cells and may play a role in carcinogenesis.

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