scholarly journals The Study of Plasticized Solid Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Natural Polymers and Their Application for Energy Storage EDLC Devices

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham M.A. Dannoun ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Ahmad S.F.M. Asnawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Ionic Transference Number ◽  
Ion Conducting

In this work, plasticized magnesium ion-conducting polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan:methylcellulose (CS:MC) were prepared using a solution cast technique. Magnesium acetate [Mg(CH3COO)2] was used as a source of the ions. Nickel metal-complex [Ni(II)-complex)] was employed to expand the amorphous phase. For the ions dissociation enhancement, glycerol plasticizer was also engaged. Incorporating 42 wt% of the glycerol into the electrolyte system has been shown to improve the conductivity to 1.02 × 10−4 S cm−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the electrolyte with the highest conductivity has a minimum crystallinity degree. The ionic transference number was estimated to be more than the electronic transference number. It is concluded that in CS:MC:Mg(CH3COO)2:Ni(II)-complex:glycerol, ions are the primary charge carriers. Results from linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) showed electrochemical stability to be 2.48 V. An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) based on activated carbon electrode and a prepared solid polymer electrolyte was constructed. The EDLC cell was then analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge methods. The CV test disclosed rectangular shapes with slight distortion, and there was no appearance of any redox currents on both anodic and cathodic parts, signifying a typical behavior of EDLC. The EDLC cell indicated a good cyclability of about (95%) for throughout of 200 cycles with a specific capacitance of 47.4 F/g.

Thermal Analysis of 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Ionic Liquid to PEO-NaCF3SO3 Polymer Electrolyte

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Noor Zairi Mohd Sapri ◽  
Azizah Hanom Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Muzamir Mahat
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Ionic Transference Number ◽  
Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfonate ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Ion Conducting

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ionic liquid to PEO-NaCF3SO3 solid polymer electrolyte. Sodium ion conducting polymer electrolyte films consisting of Polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a polymer host, Sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaCF3SO3) as doping salt and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMiTF) as ionic liquid has been prepared by solution cast technique. Different amounts (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt. %) of EMiTF will be added to the optimized polymer-salt composition to develop PEO - NaCF3SO3 – EMiTF polymer electrolyte. Difference Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated that the crystalline degree and the weight loss % of the electrolyte decrease with increasing the wt. % of the EMiTF respectively. The ionic transference number was found in the value of 0.95 which suggests that ions are the charge carriers.

scholarly journals Development of Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes Based on Chitosan: Dextran with High Ion Transport Properties for EDLC Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽  
Mohd F. Z. Kadir ◽  
Wrya O. Karim ◽  
Ranjdar M. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Polymer Blend Electrolyte

Solid polymer blend electrolyte membranes (SPBEM) composed of chitosan and dextran with the incorporation of various amounts of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were synthesized. The complexation of the polymer blend electrolytes with the salt was examined using FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the SPBEs was also investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The ion transport behavior of the membrane films was measured using impedance spectroscopy. The membrane with highest LiClO4 content was found to exhibit the highest conductivity of 5.16 × 10−3 S/cm. Ionic (ti) and electronic (te) transference numbers for the highest conducting electrolyte were found to be 0.98 and 0.02, respectively. Electrochemical stability was estimated from linear sweep voltammetry and found to be up to ~2.3V for the Li+ ion conducting electrolyte. The only existence of electrical double charging at the surface of electrodes was evidenced from the absence of peaks in cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot. The discharge slope was observed to be almost linear, confirming the capacitive behavior of the EDLC. The performance of synthesized EDLC was studied using CV and charge–discharge techniques. The highest specific capacitance was achieved to be 8.7 F·g−1 at 20th cycle. The efficiency (η) was observed to be at 92.8% and remained constant at 92.0% up to 100 cycles. The EDLC was considered to have a reasonable electrode-electrolyte contact, in which η exceeds 90.0%. It was determined that equivalent series resistance (Resr) is quite low and varies from 150 to 180 Ω over the 100 cycles. Energy density (Ed) was found to be 1.21 Wh·kg−1 at the 1st cycle and then remained stable at 0.86 Wh·kg−1 up to 100 cycles. The interesting observation is that the value of Pd increases back to 685 W·kg−1 up to 80 cycles.

scholarly journals Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH4PF6 Polymer Electrolytes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
Muhamad H. Hafiz ◽  
Ahmad S.F.M. Asnawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Ionic Dissociation ◽  
Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer ◽  
Ion Conducting

This research paper investigates the electrochemical performance of chitosan (CS): dextran (DX) polymer-blend electrolytes (PBEs), which have been developed successfully with the incorporation of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH4PF6). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the plasticized electrolyte system with the highest value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity is the most amorphous system. The glycerol addition increased the amorphous phase and improved the ionic dissociation, which contributed to the enhancement of the fabricated device’s performance. Transference number analysis (TNM) has shown that the charge transport process is mainly by ions rather than electrons, as tion = 0.957. The CS:DX:NH4PF6 system was found to decompose as the voltage goes beyond 1.5 V. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) revealed that the potential window for the most plasticized system is 1.5 V. The fabricated electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge analysis. The results from CV verify that the EDLC in this work holds the characteristics of a capacitor. The imperative parameters of the fabricated EDLC such as specific capacitance and internal resistance were found to be 102.9 F/g and 30 Ω, respectively. The energy stored and power delivered by the EDLC were 11.6 Wh/kg and 2741.2 W/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Porous Proton Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on PVA: CS Polymers: Structural, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Jihad M. Hadi ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Peak Broadening ◽  
Ion Conducting

In this study, porous cationic hydrogen (H+) conducting polymer blend electrolytes with an amorphous structure were prepared using a casting technique. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CS), and NH4SCN were used as raw materials. The peak broadening and drop in intensity of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the electrolyte systems established the growth of the amorphous phase. The porous structure is associated with the amorphous nature, which was visualized through the field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The enhancement of DC ionic conductivity with increasing salt content was observed up to 40 wt.% of the added salt. The dielectric and electric modulus results were helpful in understanding the ionic conductivity behavior. The transfer number measurement (TNM) technique was used to determine the ion (tion) and electron (telec) transference numbers. The high electrochemical stability up to 2.25 V was recorded using the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) technique.

scholarly journals Structural, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Glycerolized Biopolymers Based on Chitosan (CS): Methylcellulose (MC) for Energy Storage Application

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi ◽  
Mohd Fakhrul Zamani Kadir ◽  
Saad M. Alshehri ◽  
Tansir Ahamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Ionic Mobility ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Ionic Transference Number ◽  
Energy Storage Application ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer ◽  
Ion Conducting

In this work, a pair of biopolymer materials has been used to prepare high ion-conducting electrolytes for energy storage application (ESA). The chitosan:methylcellulose (CS:MC) blend was selected as a host for the ammonium thiocyanate NH4SCN dopant salt. Three different concentrations of glycerol was successfully incorporated as a plasticizer into the CS–MC–NH4SCN electrolyte system. The structural, electrical, and ion transport properties were investigated. The highest conductivity of 2.29 × 10−4 S cm−1 is recorded for the electrolyte incorporated 42 wt.% of plasticizer. The complexation and interaction of polymer electrolyte components are studied using the FTIR spectra. The deconvolution (DVN) of FTIR peaks as a sensitive method was used to calculate ion transport parameters. The percentage of free ions is found to influence the transport parameters of number density (n), ionic mobility (µ), and diffusion coefficient (D). All electrolytes in this work obey the non-Debye behavior. The highest conductivity electrolyte exhibits the dominancy of ions, where the ionic transference number, tion value of (0.976) is near to infinity with a voltage of breakdown of 2.11 V. The fabricated electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) achieves the highest specific capacitance, Cs of 98.08 F/g at 10 mV/s by using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique.

Structural, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Mg0.55Si1.9Al0.1Fe0.1(PO4)3 Ceramic Electrolytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Akmaliah Dzulkurnain ◽  
N. A. Mustaffa ◽  
N. S. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ionic Transference Number ◽  
Ceramic Electrolytes ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Mobile Ions

This study was undertaken to investigate the structural, electrical and electrochemical properties of Fe3+ substituted Mg0.55Si1.9Al0.1(PO4)3 compound synthesized by water-based sol–gel technique. X-ray diffraction showed that the compound crystallized in monoclinic crystalline phase with a space group of P1 21/c1. The sample sintered at 850 ˚C exhibited the highest conductivity of 1.42 × 10-6 S cm-1 at 373 K since it contained the highest number of mobile ions. It also exhibited the highest value of ion mobility, μ of 1.13 × 10-11 cm2 V-1 s-1 at ambient temperature which was attributed to the optimum size of migration channel as indicated by its unit cell volume. Linear sweep voltammetry result showed that the Mg0.55Si1.9Al0.1Fe0.1(PO4)3 was electrochemically stable up to 3.0 V. Meanwhile, its ionic transference number of 0.99 suggested that the majority of the mobile charge carriers were mainly to ions, expected to be Mg2+ ions.

Physical and mechanical properties of sulfonated aromatic copolyimide membranes

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rabiee ◽  
Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Ion Conducting

AbstractPhysical and mechanical properties of four series of chemically and thermally stable sulfonated copolyimides as ion-conducting ionomers for application in fuel cell membrane, depending on chemical structure of diamine monomers were studied. The physical and mechanical properties of solid polymer membranes including thermal stability, mechanical strength, water uptake, stability in water, crystallinity and morphology were evaluated. All the polymers were thermally stable. The XRD analysis and SEM micrograph revealed that the polymers were almost amorphous and hydrophobic-hydrophilic phase separation in polyimide did not occur. Use of flexible monomers such as 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) and 4,4'-(4-aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone (APDS) in the hydrophobic sequences increased the plastic behavior compared to rigid polymers prepared from 4,4'-(5- amino-1-naphthoxy) diphenylsulfone (ANDS) and m-phenylenediamine (m-PDA). It was concluded that the properties of polymeric films were strictly dependent on chemical composition of monomers and molecular weight of copolymers.

Preparation and characterization of PVDF-MG49-NH4CF3SO3 based solid polymer electrolyte

e-Polymers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ataollahi ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
T.K. Lee ◽  
A.R. Abdullah ◽  
M.Y.A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Temperature Dependence Of Conductivity ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Ion Conducting

AbstractThe ionic conductivity of ammonium-based solid polymer films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blended with MG49, a graft of natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate), with various compositions of ammonium triflate NH4CF3SO3, was investigated. As a result, 30 wt.% of NH4CF3SO3-doped polymer electrolyte exhibits the highest ionic conductivity at 6.32×10-4 S/cm at room temperature. The conductivity enhancement can be attributed to the increase in the number of NH4+ as charge carriers. The significance of the blend is the increase of one order in ionic conductivity as compared with pure PVDF electrolyte. The temperature dependence of conductivity of the electrolyte does not obey the Arrhenius law. However, the conductivity increases with temperature and it reached 1.56×10-3 S/cm at 363 K. X-ray diffraction reveals a decrease in crystallinity of the electrolyte upon the addition of NH4CF3SO3 salt. This result is supported by scanning electron microscopy. Linear sweep voltammetry demonstrates that the anodic stability of the electrolyte is up to 4 V. Therefore, the electrolyte shows good compatibility with high-voltage electrode. Hence, this electrolyte system can be a prospective candidate as lithium-ion conducting electrolyte for lithium batteries.

scholarly journals Polyether-Based Supramolecular Electrolytes With Two-Dimensional Boroxine Skeleton

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita ◽  
Shunsuke Horiuchi ◽  
Tamao Uemiya ◽  
Jun Ishii ◽  
Yuko Takeoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Solid polymer electrolytes mainly based on polyethers have been actively investigated for over 40 years to develop safe, light, and flexible rechargeable batteries. Here, we report novel supramolecular electrolytes (SMEs) composed of polyether derivatives and a two-dimensional boroxine skeleton synthesized by the dehydration condensation of 1,4-benzenediboronic acid in the presence of a polyether with amines on both chain ends. The formation of SMEs based on polyether derivatives and boroxine skeleton was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed to evaluate the electrochemical stability and lithium conductive properties of SMEs with given amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA). The ionic conductivity of SME/LiTFSA composites increased with increasing lithium-salt concentration and reached a maximum value at a higher concentration than those of simple polyether systems. The lithium-ion transference number (tLi+) of SME/LiTFSA was higher than those of polyether electrolytes. This tendency is unusual for a polyether matrix. SME/LiTFSA composite electrolytes exhibited a stable lithium plating/striping process even after 100 cycles. The current density increased with an increasing number of cycles. The combination of ion conductive polymers and a two-dimensional boroxine skeleton will be an interesting concept for developing solid electrolytes with good electrochemical properties.

scholarly journals Structural, Morphological, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of PVA: CS-Based Proton-Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayub Shahab Marf ◽  
Ranjdar M. Abdullah ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Added Salt

Polymer blend electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol):chitosan (PVA:CS) incorporated with various quantities of ammonium iodide were prepared and characterized using a range of electrochemical, structural and microscopic techniques. In the structural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the buildup of the amorphous phase. To reveal the effect of dopant addition on structural changes, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used. The protrusions of salt aggregates with large quantity were seen at the surface of the formed films at 50 wt.% of the added salt. The nature of the relationship between conductivity and dielectric properties was shown using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS spectra were fitted with electrical equivalent circuits (EECs). It was observed that both dielectric constant and dielectric loss were high in the low-frequency region. For all samples, loss tangent and electric modulus plots were analyzed to become familiar with the relaxation behavior. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and transference number measurement (TNM) were recorded. A relatively high cut-off potential for the polymer electrolyte was obtained at 1.33 V and both values of the transference number for ion (tion) and electronic (telec) showed the ion dominant as charge carrier species. The TNM and LSV measurements indicate the suitability of the samples for energy storage application if their conductivity can be more enhanced.

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