scholarly journals Production of Chitosan/Hyaluronan Complex Nanofibers. Characterization and Physical Properties as a Function of the Composition

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Christian Enrique Garcia Garcia ◽  
Félix Armando Soltero Martínez ◽  
Frédéric Bossard ◽  
Marguerite Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amide Bonds ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Degree Of Swelling ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
First Time

In this work, optimized conditions for preparation of chitosan and hyaluronan polyelectrolyte complex are proposed. The objective was to produce new biomaterials being biocompatible and bioresorbable in the body as well as approaching the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. These materials will be tested for chondrocyte development in tissue engineering and wound healing applications. Nanofibers made of the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) were successfully manufactured by electrospinning, and casted films were used as a model for properties comparison. To our knowledge, it is the first time that stable chitosan/hyaluronan fibers are produced, which were observed to be long-lasting in buffer at pH~7.4. The role of thermal treatment at 120 °C for 4 h is examined to control the degree of swelling by crosslinking of the two polysaccharides by H-bonds and amide bonds formation. The properties of the materials are tested for different PEC compositions at different pH values, based on swelling and solubility degrees, diameters of nanofibers and mechanical performances. The influence of the solvent (acidic potential and composition) utilized to process biomaterials is also examined. Acid formic/water 50/50 v/v is observed to be the more appropriated solvent for the carried-out procedures.

scholarly journals Arginase Activity in Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3687
Author(s):  
Joanna Homa ◽  
Alina Klosowska ◽  
Magdalena Chadzinska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Heavy Metals Ions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Marker

Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the changes in arginase activity in the coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), heavy metals ions (e.g., Mn2+), parasite infection, wound healing, and short-term fasting (5 days) on arginase activity. For the first time in earthworms, we described arginase activity in the coelomocytes and found that it can be up-regulated upon in vitro stimulation with LPS and H2O2 and in the presence of Mn2+ ions. Moreover, arginase activity was also up-regulated in animals in vivo infected with nematodes or experiencing segment amputation, but not in fasting earthworms. Furthermore, we confirmed that the activity of coelomocyte arginase can be suppressed by l-norvaline. Our studies strongly suggest that similarly to the vertebrates, also in the earthworms, coelomocyte arginase is an important element of the immune response and wound healing processes.

scholarly journals First identification of nanoparticles on thorax, abdomen and wings of the worker bee Apis dorsata Fabricius

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Atanu Bhattacharyya ◽  
Shashidhar Viraktamath ◽  
Fani Hatjina ◽  
Santanu Bhattacharyya ◽  
Bhaktibhavana Rajankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles ◽  
First Time

Abstract The presence of nanoparticles on the body of the honeybee Apis dorsata Fabricius, was investigated for the first time to better understand the bee’s behaviour. These have been observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Our study clearly denotes that the Indian rock honey bee Apis dorsata possess calcium silicate and calcium phosphate nanoparticles on its body surface of 5-50 nm in diameter. In particular, the nanoparticles on the abdomen and thorax of A. dorsata have an average diameter of about 10 nanometers and they are smaller than those found on wings of the same bees which are about 20 nanometers. The nanoparticles found are different of the ones previously observed on honey bees or other insects. The origin and role of these natural nanoparticles on the body of the Indian rock bee need to be to be further investigated; more research in the subject might raise important aspects in relation to the conservation of these unique pollinators.

scholarly journals Potential therapeutic manipulations of the CXCR3 chemokine axis for the treatment of inflammatory fibrosing diseases

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Morgan K. Groover ◽  
Jillian M. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Opinion Article ◽  
Different Tissues

Chemokines play important roles in homeostasis and inflammatory processes. While their roles in leukocyte recruitment are well-appreciated, chemokines play additional roles in the body, including mediating or regulating angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and wound healing. In this opinion article, we focus on the role of CXCR3 and its ligands in fibrotic processes. We emphasize differences of the effects of each ligand, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, on fibroblasts in different tissues of the body. We include discussions of differences in signaling pathways that may account for protective or pro-fibrotic effects of each ligand in different experimental models and ex vivo analysis of human tissues. Our goal is to highlight potential reasons why there are disparate findings in different models, and to suggest ways in which this chemokine axis could be manipulated for the treatment of fibrosis.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G4 related disease: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Saika Farook ◽  
Abdullah Ahmed Solaiman ◽  
Md Shariful Alam Jilani
Keyword(s):  
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Immunoglobulin G4 ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Serum Igg4 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gland Enlargement

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently perceived fibroinflammatory condition, identified as a systemic illness for the first time in the early 2000. It can involve virtually every organ of the body, commonly presenting as lymphadenopathy, retroperitoneal fibrosis, autoimmune pancreatitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, parotid or lacrimal gland enlargement. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological analysis and is often, but not always accompanied by an increased level of serum IgG4 concentration. In fact, the name addressing this autoimmune fibroinflammatory condition may be considered a misnomer, as the role of the non-inflammatory immunoglobulin IgG4 in the immune mechanism of IgG4-RD remains to be elucidated. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(2): 44-51

Biochemical Basis of the "Qi-Invigorating" Action of Schisandra Berry (Wu-Wei-Zi) in Chinese Medicine

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam-Ming Ko ◽  
Po-Yee Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Wu Wei ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chinese Term

Schisandra berry or Wu-Wei-Zi, meaning the "the fruit of five tastes" in Chinese, is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Based on the "Five-Element" theory in TCM, while the "five tastes" of Schisandra berry refer to its influence on the five visceral organs in the body, ancient Chinese herbalists specifically trumpeted the berry's beneficial effect on the "Qi" of the five visceral organs. "Qi" is a Chinese term used as a broad description of energy-dependent body functions. Over the past ten years, our laboratory has attempted to define the biochemical properties of Schisandra berry in regard to its purported "Qi-invigorating" properties. We have found, for the first time, an ability of Schisandra berry to fortify mitochondrial antioxidant status, thereby offering the body a generalized protection against noxious challenges both of internal and external origin. Given the indispensable role of the mitochondrion in generating cellular energy, the linking of Schisandra berry to the safeguarding of mitochondrial function provides a biochemical explanation for its "Qi-invigorating" action.

11 The Role of National Parliaments in the Making of European Law

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Timothy Pratt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Treaty Of Amsterdam ◽  
First Time

While the Community Treaties provided the institutional framework for the European Community, much of what now makes up the constitution of the European Union was not provided for in those Treaties, but evolved within that framework. This is certainly true of the role of national parliaments. There is nothing about the role of national parliaments in any of the Treaties concluded prior to the Maastricht Treaty, and even then the references appear not in the body of the Treaty, but only in two Declarations annexed to it, one on the role of national parliaments in the European Union and the other on the Conference of the Parliaments. While the former states that it is important to encourage greater involvement of national parliaments in the activities of the European Union, it gives no indication of what that involvement should be. The Treaty of Amsterdam goes a step further. It includes a protocol on the role of national parliaments. This is important in that, for the first time, it gives substantive treaty recognition to their involvement in European Union activities. But, while it is markedly more supportive than the Maastricht Declarations, it does not confer any specific powers on national parliaments, nor does it attempt to define their functions.

scholarly journals Estrogen promotes cutaneous wound healing via estrogen receptor β independent of its antiinflammatory activities

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Campbell ◽  
Elaine Emmerson ◽  
Faith Davies ◽  
Stephen C. Gilliver ◽  
Andre Krust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Repair ◽  
Increased Risk

Post-menopausal women have an increased risk of developing a number of degenerative pathological conditions, linked by the common theme of excessive inflammation. Systemic estrogen replacement (in the form of hormone replacement therapy) is able to accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds in elderly females, linked to its potent antiinflammatory activity. However, in contrast to many other age-associated pathologies, the detailed mechanisms through which estrogen modulates skin repair, particularly the cell type–specific role of the two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, has yet to be determined. Here, we use pharmacological activation and genetic deletion to investigate the role of both ERα and ERβ in cutaneous tissue repair. Unexpectedly, we report that exogenous estrogen replacement to ovariectomised mice in the absence of ERβ actually delayed wound healing. Moreover, healing in epidermal-specific ERβ null mice (K14-cre/ERβL2/L2) largely resembled that in global ERβ null mice. Thus, the beneficial effects of estrogen on skin wound healing are mediated by epidermal ERβ, in marked contrast to most other tissues in the body where ERα is predominant. Surprisingly, agonists to both ERα and ERβ are potently antiinflammatory during skin repair, indicating clear uncoupling of inflammation and overall efficiency of repair. Thus, estrogen-mediated antiinflammatory activity is not the principal factor in accelerated wound healing.

scholarly journals Wound Healing Versus Regeneration: Role of the Tissue Environment in Regenerative Medicine

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Atala ◽  
Darrell J. Irvine ◽  
Marsha Moses ◽  
Sunil Shaunak
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

AbstractOne of the major challenges in the field of regenerative medicine is how to optimize tissue regeneration in the body by therapeutically manipulating its natural ability to form scar at the time of injury or disease. It is often the balance between tissue regeneration, a process that is activated at the onset of disease, and scar formation, which develops as a result of the disease process that determines the ability of the tissue or organ to be functional. Using biomaterials as scaffolds often can provide a “bridge” for normal tissue edges to regenerate over small distances, usually up to 1 cm. Larger tissue defect gaps typically require both scaffolds and cells for normal tissue regeneration to occur without scar formation. Various strategies can help to modulate the scar response and can potentially enhance tissue regeneration. Understanding the mechanistic basis of such multivariate interactions as the scar microenvironment, the immune system, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory cytokines may enable the design of tissue engineering and wound healing strategies that directly modulate the healing response in a manner favorable to regeneration.

scholarly journals The Role of Biosurgical Agents in Dermatologic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laraib Z. Safeer ◽  
Saira Agarwala ◽  
Andrew C. Krakowski ◽  
Ryan P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Dermatologic Surgery ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Hematoma Formation

Performed in an outpatient, office-based setting, dermatologic surgery reduces healthcare costs of hospitalization while maintaining low rates of surgical complications such as infection, dehiscence, and hematoma formation. However, the potential for complications requiring hospitalization or IV antibiotic therapy still exists and varies depending on patient risk factors, such as the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications. Furthermore, measured outcomes in dermatologic surgery expand beyond surgical wound complications to include optimization of wound healing and reduction of scar formation, especially in cosmetically sensitive areas of the body. Biosurgical agents are increasingly being used in surgical fields to achieve hemostasis and to optimize wound healing. This chapter reviews the typical methods to achieve hemostasis in dermatologic surgery and examines the current and future role of biosurgical agents in procedural dermatology.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Diabetic Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Liling Deng ◽  
Chenzhen Du ◽  
Peiyang Song ◽  
Tianyi Chen ◽  
Shunli Rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Wound ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing ◽  
Dietary Bioactive Compounds

Foot ulcers are one of the most common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus with significant resultant morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors impair wound healing include skin injury, diabetic neuropathy, ischemia, infection, inadequate glycemic control, poor nutritional status, and severe morbidity. It is currently believed that oxidative stress plays a vital role in diabetic wound healing. An imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body results in overproduction of reactive oxygen species which lead to cell, tissue damage, and delayed wound healing. Therefore, decreasing ROS levels through antioxidative systems may reduce oxidative stress-induced damage to improve healing. In this context, we provide an update on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic wound healing through following four perspectives. We then discuss several therapeutic strategies especially dietary bioactive compounds by targeting oxidative stress to improve wounds healing.

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