scholarly journals Short Beam Shear Behavior and Failure Characterization of Hybrid 3D Braided Composites Structure with X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
Liwei Wu ◽  
Xiaojun Sun ◽  
Chunjie Xiang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Fa Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Transverse Shear ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Braided Composite ◽  
Shear Property ◽  
Beam Shear

Three-dimensional braided composite has a unique spatial network structure that exhibits the characteristics of high delamination resistance, damage tolerance, and shear strength. Considering the characteristics of braided structures, two types of high-performance materials, namely, aramid and carbon fibers, were used as reinforcements to prepare braided composites with different hybrid structures. In this study, the longitudinal and transverse shear properties of 3D braided hybrid composites were tested to investigate the influences of hybrid and structural effects. The damage characteristics of 3D braided hybrid composites under short beam shear loading underwent comprehensive morphological analysis via optical microscopy, water-logging ultrasonic scanning, and X-ray micro-computed tomography methods. It is shown that the shear toughness of hybrid braided composite has been improved at certain degrees compared with the pure carbon fiber composite under both transverse and longitudinal directions. The hybrid braided composites with aramid fiber as axial yarn and carbon fiber as braiding yarn exhibited the best shear toughness under transverse shear loading. Meanwhile, the composites with carbon fiber as axial yarn and aramid fiber as braiding yarn demonstrated the best shear toughness in the longitudinal direction. Due to the different distribution of axial and braiding yarns, the transverse shear property of hybrid braided structure excels over the longitudinal shear property. The failure modes of the hybrid braided composite under the two loading directions are considerably different. Under transverse loading, the primary failure mode of the composites is yarn fracture. Under longitudinal loading, the primary failure modes are resin fracture and fiber slip. The extensive interfacial effects and the good deformation capability of the hybrid braided composites can effectively prevent the longitudinal development of internal cracks in the pattern, improving the shear properties of braided composites.

Finite element analyses on punch shear behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites at microstructure level

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 968-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Rotich K Gideon ◽  
Bohong Gu ◽  
Baozhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Braided Composite

The punch shear properties of three-dimensional carbon/epoxy braided composites were studied at quasi-static and high strain rates with finite element method at microstructure level. A microstructure model was developed to analyze the stress distribution and progressive damage of the braided composite panel with different thickness. The braiding yarns were considered as an elastic and transversely isotropic material. Ductile and shear criterion were used in finite element model to obtain the damage evolution. It was found that the braided composite exhibited high strain rate sensitivity under punch shear loading. The thickness influences the punch shear strength significantly. The braiding yarns at surface and corner parts have tensile and pullout failure modes, while at inner part have shear damage mode.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization and Impact Damage Assessment of Hybrid Three-Dimensional Five-Directional Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Wu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Qian Jiang ◽  
Chunjie Xiang ◽  
Ching-Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Aramid Fibers ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact

The effects of braided architecture and co-braided hybrid structure on low-velocity response of carbon-aramid hybrid three-dimensional five-directional (3D5d) braided composites were experimentally investigated in this study. Low-velocity impact was conducted on two types of hybridization and one pure carbon fiber braided reinforced composites under three velocities. Damage morphologies after low-velocity impact were detected by microscopy and ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Interior damages of composites were highly dependent on yarn type and alignment. Impact damage tolerance was introduced to evaluate the ductility of hybrid composites. Maximum impact load and toughness changed with impact velocity and constituent materials of the composites. The composite with aramid fiber as axial yarn and carbon fiber as braiding yarn showed the best impact resistance due to the synergistic effect of both materials. Wavelet transform was applied in frequency and time domain analyses to reflect the failure mode and mechanism of hybrid 3D5d braided composites. Aramid fibers were used either as axial yarns or braiding yarns, aiding in the effective decrease in the level of initial damage. In particular, when used as axial yarns, aramid fibers effectively mitigate the level of damage during damage evolution.

Enhancement of mechanical and electromagnetic absorbing properties of carbon/glass hybrid composites with a three-dimensional quasi-isotropic braided structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 4896-4905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fan ◽  
Lili Xue ◽  
Tongxue Wei ◽  
Jingjing Dong ◽  
Juanzi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Braided Composite ◽  
Braided Structure ◽  
Electromagnetic Transmission ◽  
Ku Band

Two carbon/glass hybrid composites with different reinforced structures were designed and their mechanical and electromagnetic absorbing properties (EMAPs) were investigated in this paper. It was found that the tensile, bending, and double-notch shear strength of the three-dimensional (3D) quasi-isotropic (QI)-braided composite were 4.50%, 9.64%, and 14.29% higher than those of the QI-laminated composite, respectively. This was because Z-binder yarns in the 3D QI-braided composite can lock all yarn sets together to bear external stress and inhibit crack propagation in interlamination. The EMAPs of the 3D QI-braided composites were larger than that of the QI-laminated composite in the entire Ku band. This was because the Z-directional glass fibers in the 3D QI-braided composite were beneficial for electromagnetic transmission. The uniform arrangement of five sets of yarns (+45°, –45°, 90°, 0°, and Z-yarns) resulted in the 3D QI-braided composites having better QI-EMAPs and QI mechanical properties in plane and outstanding interlayer performance than the traditional carbon fiber laminated composite.

scholarly journals Effect of Tow Size and Interface Interaction on Interfacial Shear Strength Determined by Iosipescu (V-Notch) Testing in Epoxy Resin

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Stojceveski ◽  
Andreas Hendlmeier ◽  
James D. Randall ◽  
Chantelle L. Arnold ◽  
Melissa K. Stanfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
Surface Modified

Testing methodologies to accurately quantify interfacial shear strength (IFSS) are essential in order to understand fiber-matrix adhesion. While testing methods at a microscale (single filament fragmentation test—SFFT) and macroscale (Short Beam Shear—SBS) are wide spread, each have their own shortcomings. The Iosipescu (V-notch) tow test offers a mesoscale bridge between the microscale and macroscale whilst providing simple, accurate results with minimal time investment. However, the lack of investigations exploring testing variables has limited the application of Iosipescu testing to only a handful of studies. This paper assesses the effect of carbon fiber tow size within the Iosipescu tow test for epoxy resin. Tow sizes of 3, 6, and 9 k are eminently suitable, while more caution must be shown when examining 12, and 15 k tows. In this work, tows at 18 and 24 k demonstrated failure modes not derived from interfacial failure, but poor fiber wetting. A catalogue of common fracture geometries is discussed as a function of performance for the benefit of future researchers. Finally, a comparison of commercial (T300), amine (T300-Amine), and ethyl ester (T300-Ester) surface modified carbon fibers was conducted. The outcomes of this study showed that the Iosipescu tow test is inherently less sensitive in distinguishing between similar IFSS but provides a more ‘real world’ image of the carbon fiber-epoxy interface in a composite material.

Strength Predication for Load-Bearing Lugs of Three-Dimensional Braided Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1948-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Tao Zheng ◽  
Qin Sun ◽  
Ying Nan Guo ◽  
Ya Nan Chai
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Braided Composite ◽  
Load Response ◽  
Fiber Tension ◽  
Bearing Failures

Load response and failure modes of three-dimensional (3-d) four-directional braided composite lugs were studied analytically and experimentally. The objective of the study was to get information on the stiffness, strength and failure mode of the lug, as well as on the applicability of the analysis method used to predict lug load response and failure. The test lugs were manufactured with the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) technique. The test specimens were loaded parallel to the lug centerline. Two types of specimens were tested to failure. Three of them were instrumented with 18 strain gages in each type of lug. There are three basic failure modes in braided composite joints: net-tension, shear-out, and bearing. Net-tension failure is associated with matrix and fiber tension failure due to stress concentrations. Shear-out and bearing failures result primarily from the shear and compression failures of fiber and matrix. The analyses were performed using finite element method. Shell elements were used. A steel pin was modeled to apply the loading. The loading was applied with a constant force distribution through the center of the pin. A contact was defined between the pin and the surrounding lug surface. The measured strains showed fairly good correlation with the analysis results. The strain response was almost linear. It can be concluded that with correct material properties the FE approach used in the analyses can provide a reasonable estimate for the load response and failure of 3-d braided composite lugs

Failure Characterisation of Heavy Tow Braided Composites Using Digital Image Correlation (DIC)

2006 ◽  
Vol 5-6 ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fouinneteau ◽  
A.K. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Fibre Direction ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Explicit Finite Element

An extensive test campaign has been conducted to characterise the different failure modes observed in heavy tow (24k) carbon and glass braided composites. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was used to obtain complete strain field measurement of large strains to failure. Failure in the fibre direction, under tension and compression loading were investigated; in the tension direction relatively large strains to failure were measured due to tow straightening damage mechanisms. Another important test is tensile shear loading which can undergo very large strains to failure due to fibre re-orientations in the loading direction. This latter, so-called ‘scissoring’ mechanism, has been quantified through changes of fibre angle during the complete loading history. Data gathered from coupon testing was used to characterise a material damage, with failure, model for the heavy tow braids, using a general composite damage model available in the explicit Finite Element (FE) code PAM-CRASHTM. Finally, four-point bending tests on braided carbon and glass composite beams with full field strain measurements to failure was carried out and used to validate the numerical model. A good agreement between simulation and experimental results was obtained.

scholarly journals Flexural bearing capacity and failure mechanism of CFRP-aluminum laminate beam with double-channel cross-section

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Teng Huang ◽  
Dongdong Zhang ◽  
Yaxin Huang ◽  
Chengfei Fan ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Channel Cross Section ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Flexural Bearing Capacity ◽  
Double Channel

Abstract In this study, the flexural bearing capacity and failure mechanism of carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum laminate (CARALL) beams with a double-channel cross-section and a 3/2 laminated configuration were experimentally and numerically studied. Two types of specimens using different carbon fiber layup configurations ([0°/90°/0°]3 and [45°/0°/−45°]3) were fabricated using the pressure molding thermal curing forming process. The double-channel CARALL beams were subjected to static three-point bending tests to determine their failure behaviors in terms of ultimate bearing capacity and failure modes. Owing to the shortcomings of the two-dimensional Hashin failure criterion, the user-defined FORTRAN subroutine VUMAT suitable for the ABAQUS/Explicit solver and an analysis algorithm were established to obtain a progressive damage prediction of the CFRP layer using the three-dimensional Hashin failure criterion. Various failure behaviors and mechanisms of the CARALL beams were numerically analyzed. The results indicated that the numerical simulation was consistent with the experimental results for the ultimate bearing capacity and final failure modes, and the failure process of the double-channel CARALL beams could be revealed. The ultimate failure modes of both types of double-channel CARALL beams were local buckling deformation at the intersection of the upper flange and web near the concentrated loading position, which was mainly caused by the delamination failure among different unidirectional plates, tension and compression failure of the matrix, and shear failure of the fiber layers. The ability of each fiber layer to resist damage decreased in the order of 90° fiber layer > 0° fiber layer > 45° fiber layer. Thus, it is suggested that 90°, 0°, and 45° fiber layers should be stacked for double-channel CARALL beams.

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