scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid: The Influence of Molecular Weight on Structural, Physical, Physico-Chemical, and Degradable Properties of Biopolymer

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Snetkov ◽  
Kseniia Zakharova ◽  
Svetlana Morozkina ◽  
Roman Olekhnovich ◽  
Mayya Uspenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
Physico Chemical

Hyaluronic acid, as a natural linear polysaccharide, has attracted researchers’ attention from its initial detection and isolation from tissues in 1934 until the present day. Due to biocompatibility and a high biodegradation of hyaluronic acid, it finds wide application in bioengineering and biomedicine: from biorevitalizing skin cosmetics and endoprostheses of joint fluid to polymeric scaffolds and wound dressings. However, the main properties of aqueous polysaccharide solutions with different molecular weights are different. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid-based preparations directly depends on the molecular weight of the biopolymer. The present review collects the information about relations between the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and its original properties. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural, physical and physico-chemical properties of hyaluronic acid in water solutions, as well as their degradability.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid Reduces Bacterial Fouling and Promotes Fibroblasts’ Adhesion onto Chitosan 2D-Wound Dressings

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Silvestro ◽  
Mariangela Lopreiato ◽  
Anna Scotto d’Abusco ◽  
Valerio Di Lisio ◽  
Andrea Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Wound healing is a dynamic process that can be seriously delayed by many factors including infectious complications. The development of dressings with intrinsic wound healing activity and/or releasing bioactive compounds may help with addressing such an issue. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) at different percentages (1–35%) was used to modify chitosan (CS) biological and physico-chemical properties in order to obtain 2D-matrices able to promote healing and protect from infection. HA incorporation in the CS matrix decreased film transparency and homogeneity, but improved film water uptake and surface wettability. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) increased up to a 5% HA content, where it reached the highest value (672 g/m2 day), and decreased for higher HA contents. At all of the tested HA concentrations, HA affected mechanical properties providing matrices more flexible than pure CS with benefit for wound care. Pure CS films permitted S. epidermidis adhesion and biofilm formation. That was not true for CS/HA matrices, where HA at concentrations equal to or greater than 5% was able to avoid S. epidermidis adhesion. Fibroblasts adhesion also took benefit from the HA presence in the film, especially at 5% content, where the best adhesion and proliferation was found.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Recombinant Desulphatohirudin

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Electricwala ◽  
L Irons ◽  
R Wait ◽  
R J G Carr ◽  
R J Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recombinant Molecule

SummaryPhysico-chemical properties of recombinant desulphatohirudin expressed in yeast (CIBA GEIGY code No. CGP 39393) were reinvestigated. As previously reported for natural hirudin, the recombinant molecule exhibited abnormal behaviour by gel filtration with an apparent molecular weight greater than that based on the primary structure. However, molecular weight estimation by SDS gel electrophoresis, FAB-mass spectrometry and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy were in agreement with the theoretical molecular weight, with little suggestion of dimer or aggregate formation. Circular dichroism studies of the recombinant molecule show similar spectra at different pH values but are markedly different from that reported by Konno et al. (13) for a natural hirudin-variant. Our CD studies indicate the presence of about 60% beta sheet and the absence of alpha helix in the secondary structure of recombinant hirudin, in agreement with the conformation determined by NMR studies (17)

Effect of extractant and molecular size on the optical and chemical properties of soil humic acids

Soil Research ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHA Butler ◽  
JN Ladd
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Humic acids extracted from soil with sodium pyrophosphate have greater proportions of lower molecular weight material, less acid-hydrolysable amino acid nitrogen contents, but greater carboxyl contents and extinction values (260 and 450 nm) than humic acids extracted subsequently from the same sample with alkali. Humic acids extracted with alkali from fresh soil samples have intermediate values. Extinction values at 260 nm are directly correlated with carboxyl contents for a given soil. Different crop histories have no significant effect on the measured properties of the extracted humic acids. An alkali-extracted humic acid has been fractionated by gel filtration into seven fractions of different nominal molecular weight ranges. As the molecular weights of the fractions increase, both aliphatic C-H (based on infrared absorption at 2900 cm-1) and acid-hydrolysable amino acid contents increase, whereas extinction values at 260 nm and carboxyl contents decrease. The infrared spectra of the high molecular weight fractions have peaks at 1650 and 1510 cm-1 which correlate with acid-hydrolysable amino acid contents and which correspond to amide I and II bands of peptide bonds. Alkaline hydrolysis to split peptide bonds eliminates both these peaks. The spectra also have peaks at 1720 and 1210 cm-1 which correlate with the carboxyl content.

Large molecular species of chorionic gonadotrophin from human placental tissues: biosynthesis and physico-chemical properties

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Maruo ◽  
Sheldon J. Segal ◽  
S. S. Koide
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Species ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Α And Β Subunits

Abstract. Human placental tissues in the first trimester of pregnancy were maintained in organ culture and incubated with [3H]proline for 90 min at 37°C. The tissues were homogenized with a protease inhibitor in the buffered medium and separated into subcellular components. A large molecular protein which reacted with antiserum to hCG hCGα and hCGβ, and with the receptor membranes obtained from bovine corpus luteum, was detected in the microsomal component and post-microsomal supernatant fraction. This protein was purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Sepharose-6B and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The large molecular species of hCG contained high radioactivity and was immunoprecipitated with all three antisera. The purified large molecular hCG was analyzed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 90000 daltons. When the large molecular hCG was treated with 8 m urea and mercaptoethanol in the presence of SDS, a major portion of the material dissociated into immunoreactive α and β subunits of rather high molecular weights compared to standard hCG subunits. Under similar conditions standard hCG dissociates completely into its subunits. The present results suggest that the large molecular species of hCG might be a complex composed of larger forms of α and β subunits. This complex might be an intermediary component in the biosynthetic pathway of hCG or a product of posttranslational modification.

scholarly journals Gelatin: sources, preparation and application in food and biomedicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Elvira Shatabayeva ◽  
Grigoriy Mun ◽  
Yerengaip Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Vitaliy Khutoryanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

Gelatin is a proteinaceous substance composed of all the essential amino acids (except tryptophan) and derived from collagen using a hydrolysis technique. Hydrogels and modified composites based on gelatin are widely used in the food industry, biomedicine, pharmaceutical industry and food packaging materials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonimmunogenicity and ability to stimulate cell adhesion and proliferation. Gelatin can absorb 5-10 times its weight of water and is the main ingredient of hard and soft capsules in pharmaceutical industry. It melts above 30°C and easily releases biologically active compounds, nutrients and drugs in human gastrointestinal tract. In addition, gelatin contains arginine-glycine-asparagine RGD-sequences in the polymer structure and contributes to various functions such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, tissue regeneration, wound healing, enhances bone formation and anti-cancer therapy. This article reports a brief overview of gelatin sources, gelatin preparation processes and its physico-chemical properties, as well as advances in the preparation of gelatin-based composite materials and hydrogels for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressings, active packaging using various cross-linking techniques.

scholarly journals On the Dependence of Rheology of Hyaluronic Acid Solutions and Frictional Behavior of Articular Cartilage

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rebenda ◽  
Martin Vrbka ◽  
Pavel Čípek ◽  
Evgeniy Toropitsyn ◽  
David Nečas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Optical Glass ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Contact Couple

Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections represent one of the most common methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis. However, the clinical results of this method are unambiguous mainly because the mechanism of action has not been clearly clarified yet. Viscosupplementation consists, inter alia, of the improvement of synovial fluid rheological properties by injected solution. The present paper deals with the effect of HA molecular weight on the rheological properties of its solutions and also on friction in the articular cartilage model. Viscosity and viscoelastic properties of HA solutions were analyzed with a rotational rheometer in a cone–plate and plate–plate configuration. In total, four HA solutions with molecular weights between 77 kDa and 2010 kDa were tested. The frictional measurements were realized on a commercial tribometer Bruker UMT TriboLab, while the coefficient of friction (CoF) dependency on time was measured. The contact couple consisted of the articular cartilage pin and the plate made from optical glass. The contact was fully flooded with tested HA solutions. Results showed a strong dependency between HA molecular weight and its rheological properties. However, no clear dependence between HA molecular weight and CoF was revealed from the frictional measurements. This study presents new insight into the dependence between rheological and frictional behavior of the articular cartilage, while such an extensive investigation has not been presented before.

scholarly journals High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Differentially Influences Oxylipins Synthesis in Course of Neuroinflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Chistyakov ◽  
Alina A. Astakhova ◽  
Nadezda V. Azbukina ◽  
Sergei V. Goriainov ◽  
Viktor V. Chistyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Tlr4 Agonist ◽  
Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽  
Tlr3 Signaling

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has cell signaling functions that are dependent on its molecular weight. Anti-inflammatory effects for high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA and pro-inflammatory effects for low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA effects were found for various myeloid cells, including microglia. Astrocytes are cells of ectodermal origin that play a pivotal role in brain inflammation, but the link between HA with different molecular weights and an inflammatory response in these cells is not clear. We tested the effects of LMW and HMW HA in rat primary astrocytes, stimulated with Poly:IC (PIC, TLR3 agonist) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 agonist). Oxylipin profiles were measured by the UPLC-MS/MS analysis and metabolites HDoHEs (from docosahexaenoic acid), -HETEs, prostaglandins (from arachidonic acid), DiHOMEs and HODEs (from linoleic acid) were detected. Both, HMW and LMW HA downregulated the cyclooxygenase-mediated polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism, LMW also reduced lipoxygenase-mediated fatty acid metabolism. Taken together, the data show that both LMW and HMW (i) influence themselves on cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10), enzymes iNOS, COX-2, and oxylipin levels in extracellular medium of cultured astrocytes, (ii) induced cellular adaptations in long-term applications, (iii) modulate TLR4- and TLR3-signaling pathways. The effects of HMW and LMW HA are predominantly revealed in TLR4– and TLR3- mediated responses, respectively.

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