scholarly journals Gene Cloning, Characterization, and Molecular Simulations of a Novel Recombinant Chitinase from Chitinibacter Tainanensis CT01 Appropriate for Chitin Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1648
Author(s):  
Yeng-Tseng Wang ◽  
Po-Long Wu
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Gene Cloning ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Glycosidic Linkage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recombinant Chitinase

Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc), can be degraded by chitinase, which is produced by higher plants, vertebrates, and bacteria. Chitinases are characterized by the ability to hydrolyze the beta-1,4-linkages in the chitin chain by either an endolytic or an exolytic mechanism. Chitinase 1198 is a novel endochitinase from the genome sequence of Chitinibacter tainanensis CT01. Herein, we report the findings of molecular simulations and bioassays for chitinase 1198. Our experimental results suggest that chitinase 1198 can recognize the nonreducing end of chitin and cleave the second or third glycosidic linkage from the nonreducing end of chitin oligomers. Furthermore, our simulations results revealed that chitinase 1198 is more likely to bind chitin oligomers with the main hydrogen bonds of the Asp440, the second GlcNAc unit of chitin oligomers, and degrade chitin oligomers to (GlcNAc)2 molecules. Moreover, chitinase 1198 is less likely to bind chitin oligomers with the main hydrogen bonds of the Asp440, the third GlcNAc unit of chitin oligomers, and degrade chitin oligomers to (GlcNAc)3 molecules. Lastly, chitinase 1198 can bind (GlcNAc)3 molecules with the main hydrogen bonds of the Asp440, the second GlcNAc of the (GlcNAc)3 molecules, and degrade chitin oligomers to GlcNAc and (GlcNAc)2 molecules.

LED Display Image Correction Based on Computer Simulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 1751-1755
Author(s):  
Xi Feng Zheng ◽  
Feng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Image Correction ◽  
The Third

For the purposes of correcting the LED display image, a method based on computer simulation is proposed. First, the development of the LED display panel is introduced. Second, analyze the causes of the problem which image in LED display panel has serious high non-uniformity, and introduce the existed correction techniques which are used to reduce the non-uniformity of LED display image. Simultaneously, point out the ground for shortcomings of these techniques. Third, describe the principle of correction method based on computer simulation detail from two steps, which are the luminous collection and luminous copulation. Forth, describe the realization steps of this method in accordance with the third step. Finally, this method is supplied in a LED display panel, whose resolution is 640×480. Experimental results show that this method is able to reduce the non-uniformity of images from 11.06% to 0.98%..

Methyl β-lactoside [methyl β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside] monohydrate: a solvomorphism study

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-674
Author(s):  
Jieye Lin ◽  
Allen G. Oliver ◽  
Anthony S. Serianni
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
Glycosidic Linkage ◽  
Spontaneous Transformation ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Group ◽  
Boat Form ◽  
Puckering Parameters ◽  
Twist Boat

Methyl β-lactoside [methyl β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside] monohydrate, C13H24O11·H2O, (I), was obtained via spontaneous transformation of methyl β-lactoside methanol solvate, (II), during air-drying. Cremer–Pople puckering parameters indicate that the β-D-Galp (β-D-galactopyranosyl) and β-D-Glcp (β-D-glucopyranosyl) rings in (I) adopt slightly distorted 4 C 1 chair conformations, with the former distorted towards a boat form (B C1,C4) and the latter towards a twist-boat form (O5 S C2). Puckering parameters for (I) and (II) indicate that the conformation of the βGalp ring is slightly more affected than the βGlcp ring by the solvomorphism. Conformations of the terminal O-glycosidic linkages in (I) and (II) are virtually identical, whereas those of the internal O-glycosidic linkage show torsion-angle changes of 6° in both C—O bonds. The exocyclic hydroxymethyl group in the βGalp residue adopts a gt conformation (C4′ anti to O6′) in both (I) and (II), whereas that in the βGlcp residue adopts a gg (gauche–gauche) conformation (H5 anti to O6) in (II) and a gt (gauche–trans) conformation (C4 anti to O6) in (I). The latter conformational change is critical to the solvomorphism in that it allows water to participate in three hydrogen bonds in (I) as opposed to only two hydrogen bonds in (II), potentially producing a more energetically stable structure for (I) than for (II). Visual inspection of the crystalline lattice of (II) reveals channels in which methanol solvent resides and through which solvent might exchange during solvomorphism. These channels are less apparent in the crystalline lattice of (I).

Quanta of the Third Kind

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Wilczek
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
The Third

Quantum mechanics is nearly one hundred years old; and yet the challenge it presents to the imagination is so great that scientists are still coming to terms with some of its most basic implications. Theoretical insights and recent experimental results in anyon physics are leading physicists to revise and expand their ideas about what quantum-mechanical particles are and how they behave.

Coordinated Excitation of Flexor Inhibitors in the Crayfish

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
CHIKAO UYAMA ◽  
TAKASHI MATSUYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Giant Axon ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Giant Axons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nerve Cords

In isolated abdominal nerve cords of crayfish, the medial or lateral giant axons were stimulated at a position just rostral to the first abdominal ganglion. Recordings of the impulse sequences of the flexor inhibitor (FI) were made from the anterior five ganglia, three ganglia at a time. In 20% of our preparations, one giant axon impulse caused one to four FI impulses in every abdominal third root. An equal number of FI impulses were usually produced by each abdominal ganglion for any given stimulation. The earliest FI impulse was observed at the third root of the fourth ganglion. FI impulses occurred with increasing latencies rostrally and caudally from the fourth ganglion. The FI responses to medial and lateral giant axons stimulation were essentially equivalent. FI impulses were recorded from the rostral three abdominal ganglia, while the caudal ganglia were cut off one after another from the sixth to the third ganglion. Little change was noted until after the removal of the fourth ganglion, which usually caused all FI impulses to disappear. From these experimental results, we propose a model of central mechanisms for FI excitation.

Na6[TeMo6O24]·22 H2O – A Layered Heteropoly Compound with the Chain-Like Polycation {Na3(Η2O)1111}n3n+

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Robl ◽  
Mona Frost
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Heteropoly Compound ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Space Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bonding Mode

Colourless triclinic single crystals of Na6[TeMo6O24] · 22 H2O were grown from aqueous solution (space group P 1, a = 1030.89(9), b = 1056.7(1), c = 1106.32(9) pm, α = 90.120(7), β = 115.220(6), γ = 105.195(7), Ζ = 1, 295 Κ, 336 parameters, 3181 reflections, Rg = 0.0186). There are three crystallographically independent Na+ cations. Two of them are coordinated octahedrally by water molecules only. The third Na+ cation is bound to five H2O and one oxygen atom (O(4)) belonging to the Anderson-Evans type anion [TeMo6O24]6-. The sodium-centered coordination octahedra are linked by common edges exclusively formed by water molecules to yield chain-like polycations {Na3(H2O)11}n,3n+ which are bound by the Na(1)-O(4) contact to the anions situated on crystallographic centers of inversion forming a layer-like arrangement. Further connections between the polycations and the [TeMo6O24]6- anions are established by hydrogen bonds involving all the oxygen atoms of the anion except O(4) as almost equivalent proton acceptors regardless of their bonding mode to Te or Mo.

An Analytical Model for the Effective Dielectric Constant of a 0-3-0 Composite

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Cook-Chennault ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Effective Dielectric Constant ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Experimental Values

An analytical expression for prediction of the effective dielectric constant of a three phase 0-3-0 ferroelectric composite is presented. The analytical results are verified with the experimental results from Nan et al [1]. We extend the analytical model, so that the influence of the shape of the third phase inclusion, on the effective dielectric constant of the composite, can be investigated. The results indicate that the dielectric constant increases ∼7 times, when the aspect ratio of the conductive inclusion is increased from 1 (sphere) to 10 (spheroid). The analytical predictions compare favorably with the experimental values.

scholarly journals Study on the unsaturated hydrogen bond behavior of bio-based polyamide 56

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Shouyun Zhang ◽  
Jinghong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bond Behavior ◽  
Unit Structure

AbstractIn this paper, the unsaturated hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of the bio-based polyamide 56 (PA56) with an odd-even unit structure were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. It was proved that the bio-based PA56 had less saturated H-bonds, which became attenuated and blue-shifted at the temperature exceeding 260°C. Besides, as H-bond was decayed and broken, new unsaturated H-bonds readily formed. Moreover, the experimental results obtained strongly indicate that the unsaturated H-bonds of bio-based polyamide 56 could react with polar metal oxides. Besides, the intercalation of montmorillonite was found to have a significant influence on the hydrogen bond between polymer chains.

M3+(H2AsO4)(H2As2O7) (M3+= Al, Ga) and In2(H2AsO4)2(H2As2O7)2: a new layer structure type and a new framework structure type containing the rare H2As2O72−group

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Schwendtner ◽  
Uwe Kolitsch
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Framework Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Framework

The crystal structures of hydrothermally synthesized aluminium dihydrogen arsenate(V) dihydrogen diarsenate(V), Al(H2AsO4)(H2As2O7), gallium dihydrogen arsenate(V) dihydrogen diarsenate(V), Ga(H2AsO4)(H2As2O7), and diindium bis[dihydrogen arsenate(V)] bis[dihydrogen diarsenate(V)], In2(H2AsO4)2(H2As2O7)2, were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature. The first two compounds are representatives of a novel sheet structure type, whereas the third compound crystallizes in a novel framework structure. In all three structures, the basic building units areM3+O6octahedra (M= Al, Ga, In) that are connectedviaone H2AsO4−and two H2As2O72−groups into chains, and furtherviaH2As2O72−groups into layers. In Al/Ga(H2AsO4)(H2As2O7), these layers are interconnected by weak-to-medium–strong hydrogen bonds. In In2(H2AsO4)2(H2As2O7)2, the H2As2O72−groups link the chains in three dimensions, thus creating a framework topology, which is reinforced by weak-to-medium–strong hydrogen bonds. The three title arsenates represent the first compounds containing both H2AsO4−and H2As2O72−groups.

GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR POLYGONAL APPROXIMATION OF DIGITAL CURVES

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 1061-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG-YENG YIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Approximation Error ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Polygonal Approximation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital Curve

In this paper, three polygonal approximation approaches using genetic algorithms are proposed. The first approach approximates the digital curve by minimizing the number of sides of the polygon and the approximation error should be less than a prespecified tolerance value. The second approach minimizes the approximation error by searching for a polygon with a given number of sides. The third approach, which is more practical, determines the approximating polygon automatically without any given condition. Moreover, a learning strategy for each of the proposed genetic algorithm is presented to improve the results. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches have better performances than those of existing methods.

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