scholarly journals Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiqah S. Ayu ◽  
Abdan Khalina ◽  
Ahmad Saffian Harmaen ◽  
Khairul Zaman ◽  
Tawakkal Isma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Strength Performance

In this study, a mixture of thermoplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS), tapioca starch, glycerol and empty fruit bunch fiber was prepared by a melt compounding method using an industrial extruder. Generally, insertion of starch/glycerol has provided better strength performance, but worse thermal and water uptake to all specimens. The effect of fiber loading on mechanical, morphological, thermal and physical properties was studied in focus. Low interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix revealed a poor mechanical performance. However, higher fiber loadings have improved the strength values. This is because fibers regulate good load transfer mechanisms, as confirmed from SEM micrographs. Tensile and flexural strengths have increased 6.0% and 12.2%, respectively, for 20 wt% empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber reinforcements. There was a slightly higher mass loss for early stage thermal decomposition, whereas regardless of EFB contents, insignificant changes on decomposition temperature were recorded. A higher lignin constituent in the composite (for high natural fiber volume) resulted in a higher mass residue, which would turn into char at high temperature. This observation indirectly proves the dimensional integrity of the composite. However, as expected, with higher EFB fiber contents in the composite, higher values in both the moisture uptake and moisture loss analyses were found. The hydroxyl groups in the EFB absorbed water moisture through formation of hydrogen bonding.

Fracture Behaviour of Chemically Treated Reshira-Epoxy Composite and Optimization of Parameters for Composite Fabrication

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vasumathi ◽  
Murali Vela
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Natural Fiber Composite

Natural fiber composite is nowadays used as an alternative to conventional materials. In this work, the natural fibre, Reshira is tried with epoxy resin, for the first time, as a composite material to be used for various applications. The reshira fiber is chemically treated with sodium hydroxide for better adhesion between fibre and resin. The reshira fiber–epoxy composite is fabricated with varying chemical concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution, fiber lengths and fiber volume fractions. The composite samples are subjected to tensile, flexural and impact tests and the optimum composition that produces maximum mechanical performance is selected. Further the optimum sample is tested for its fracture toughness property.

scholarly journals Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
M.J. Suriani ◽  
Fathin Sakinah Mohd Radzi ◽  
R.A. Ilyas ◽  
Michal Petrů ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Hybrid Polymer ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a natural fiber that possesses many advantages, such as biodegradability, eco-friendly, and renewable nature. The effect of the OPEFB fiber loading reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites on flammability and tensile properties of the polymer biocomposites were investigated. The tests were carried out with four parameters, which were specimen A (constant), specimen B (20% of fiber), specimen C (35% of fiber), and specimen D (50% of fiber). The PET yarn and magnesium hydroxide were used as the reinforcement material and fire retardant agent, respectively. The results were obtained from several tests, which were the horizontal burning test, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result for the burning test showed that specimen B exhibited better flammability properties, which had the lowest average burning rate (11.47 mm/min). From the tensile strength, specimen A revealed the highest value of 10.79 N/mm2. For the SEM morphological test, increasing defects on the surface ruptured were observed that resulted in decreased tensile properties of the composites. It can be summarized that the flammability and tensile properties of OPEFB fiber reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites were reduced when the fiber volume contents were increased at the optimal loading of 20%, with the values of 11.47 mm/min and 4.29 KPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Rot-, Fire-, and Water-Retardant Treatments on Jute Fiber and Their Associated Thermoplastic Composites: A Study by FTIR

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2571
Author(s):  
Sweety Shahinur ◽  
Mahbub Hasan ◽  
Qumrul Ahsan ◽  
Nayer Sultana ◽  
Zakaria Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Chemical Treatments

Natural renewable materials can play a big role in reducing the consumption of synthetic materials for environmental sustainability. Natural fiber-reinforced composites have attracted significant research and commercial importance due to their versatile characteristics and multi-dimensional applications. As the natural materials are easily rotten, flammable, and moisture absorbent, they require additional chemical modification for use in sustainable product development. In the present research, jute fibers were treated with rot-, fire-, and water-retardant chemicals and their corresponding polymer composites were fabricated using a compression molding technique. To identify the effects of the chemical treatments on the jute fiber and their polymeric composites, a Fourier transformed infrared radiation (FTIR) study was conducted and the results were analyzed. The presence of various chemicals in the post-treated fibers and the associated composites were identified through the FTIR analysis. The varying weight percentage of the chemicals used for treating the fibers affected the physio-mechanical properties of the fiber as well as their composites. From the FTIR analysis, it was concluded that crystallinity increased with the chemical concentration of the treatment which could be contributed to the improvement in their mechanical performance. This study provides valuable information for both academia and industry on the effect of various chemical treatments of the jute fiber for improved product development.

Mechanical performance and moisture absorption of various natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 969-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole-Lee M. Robertson ◽  
John A. Nychka ◽  
Kirill Alemaskin ◽  
John D. Wolodko
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

Predictions of the Mechanical Performance of Leaf Fiber Thermoplastic Composites by FEA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris M. AL-Oqla
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Natural Fiber Composites ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Structural Applications

The available potential plant waste could be worthy material to strengthen polymers to make sustainable products and structural components. Therefore, modeling the natural fiber polymeric-based composites is currently required to reveal the mechanical performance of such polymeric green composites for various green products. This work numerically investigates the effect of various fiber types, fiber loading, and reinforcement conditions with different polymer matrices towards predicting the mechanical performance of such natural fiber composites. Cantilever beam and compression schemes were considered as two different mechanical loading conditions for structural applications of such composite materials. Finite element analysis was conducted to modeling the natural fiber composite materials. The interaction between the fibers and the matrices was considered as an interfacial friction force and was determined from experimental work by the pull out technique for each polymer and fiber type. Both polypropylene and polyethylene were considered as composite matrices. Olive and lemon leaf fibers were considered as reinforcements. Results have revealed that the deflection resistance of the natural fiber composites in cantilever beam was enhanced for several reinforcement conditions. The fiber reinforcement was capable of enhancing the mechanical performance of the polymers and was the best in case of 20 wt.% polypropylene/lemon composites due to better stress transfer within the composite. However, the 40 wt.% case was the worst in enhancing the mechanical performance in both cantilever beam and compression cases. The 30 wt.% of polyethylene/olive fiber was the best in reducing the deflection of the cantilever beam case. The prediction of mechanical performance of natural fiber composites via proper numerical analysis would enhance the process of selecting the appropriate polymer and fiber types. It can contribute finding the proper reinforcement conditions to enhance the mechanical performance of the natural fiber composites to expand their reliable implementations in more industrial applications.

Lateral Load Performance of Panelized Wood I-Joist Floor Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-438
Author(s):  
Sigong Zhang ◽  
Ying Hei Chui ◽  
David Joo
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Diaphragm Action ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Frame Construction

Abstract Panelized light wood frame construction is becoming more popular due to the faster construction time and shortage of onsite skilled labor. To use light wood frame panels effectively in panelized floor systems, panel-to-panel joints must be fastened adequately to allow load transfer between panels. They must also possess in-plane shear strength and stiffness comparable to stick-built, staggered-sheathed assemblies. This study was designed to develop efficient and effective panel-to-panel joints for connecting adjacent floor panels built with wood I-joists and evaluate the efficiency of the joints in achieving diaphragm action. At first, a number of these panel-to-panel joints were tested in the laboratory using a small-scale diaphragm test setup to determine their efficiency in transferring in-plane forces between panels. Test results showed that a small decrease in in-plane stiffness was expected for the most effective joints, but their strengths were significantly higher than at the same location in a conventional site-built floor diaphragm. The presence of blockings and use of two-row nailing were found to considerably improve stiffness and strength. These features can be used to mitigate the potential reduction in mechanical performance of panelized floor construction, in comparison with the site-built wood I-joist floor.

scholarly journals Particle Shape Effect on Macroscopic Behaviour of Underground Structures: Numerical and Experimental Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szarf ◽  
Gael Combe ◽  
Pascal Villard
Keyword(s):  
Particle Shape ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Shape Effect ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Buried Pipe

Abstract The mechanical performance of underground flexible structures such as buried pipes or culverts made of plastics depend not only on the properties of the structure, but also on the material surrounding it. Flexible drains can deflect by 30% with the joints staying tight, or even invert. Large deformations of the structure are difficult to model in the framework of Finite Element Method, but straightforward in Discrete Element Methods. Moreover, Discrete Element approach is able to provide information about the grain-grain and grain-structure interactions at the microscale. This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations of flexible buried pipe behaviour with focus placed on load transfer above the buried structure. Numerical modeling was able to reproduce the experimental results. Load repartition was observed, being affected by a number of factors such as particle shape, pipe friction and pipe stiffness.

Effect of surface density and fiber length on the porosity and permeability of nonwoven flax reinforcement

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (15) ◽  
pp. 1776-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Habibi ◽  
Édu Ruiz ◽  
Gilbert Lebrun ◽  
Luc Laperrière
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Fibrous Network ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an experimental study and modeling of the influence of surface density and fiber length on the permeability of novel nonwoven flax fiber manufactured by the paper making process. Firstly, the relation between surface density, fiber lengths and pore size distribution measured with a porometer capillary instrument is reported in this study. The results show that higher surface density gives a denser fibrous network with a low porosity rate and longer fiber decreases the total number of fibers and increases the pore size for a given surface density. A liquid permeability study was then carried out to identify the impact of surface density, short fiber length and fiber volume fraction on in-plane impregnation of the reinforcement. Permeability was found to be inversely proportional to the reinforcement of surface density. In contrast, an increase of the fiber length increases the in-plane permeability of the reinforcement. Finally, a mathematical modeling is proposed to predict the permeability behavior of these innovative natural fiber webs.

Effect of Autoclave Cure Time and Surface Preparation on Film Adhesive Bond in Lightweight Material Joints

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isotta Morfini ◽  
Luca Goglio ◽  
Giovanni Belingardi ◽  
Sayed A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Bonding Parameters ◽  
Film Adhesive ◽  
Cure Time

This study investigates the effect of cure time and surface roughness on mechanical performance of single lap joints (SLJ). Test joints are made of aluminum/aluminum or aluminum/magnesium adherends that are autoclave-bonded using a commercially available film adhesive. Joint mechanical performance is assessed in terms of the static load transfer capacity (LTC), fatigue life and failure mode. Except for the cure time, all the rates of the other autoclave-bonding parameters are kept constant; namely, the level of cure temperature and pressure, as well as the rates of autoclave heating, cooling, pressurization and depressurization. Test data, failure mode analysis, discussion, observations and conclusions are provided.

Optical measurement of local permeability of flax fiber fabrics before liquid composite molding

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (24) ◽  
pp. 3289-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Cosson
Keyword(s):  
Optical Method ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Transmission Measurement ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Composite Molding

Tracking the variability of natural fiber-based fabrics properties, such as local areal weight, fiber volume fraction, and therefore permeability, is crucial to optimize the parts processing of the bio-composites. This paper aims at developing a cost-effective and efficient optical method in order to predict the permeability of flax fabrics used in liquid composite molding processes. This method using an LCD monitor as light source and a reflex camera as a measurement device is based on light transmission measurement through fabric thickness. The raw data given by the camera are gray scale maps, transformed into areal weight maps. FEM software based on levelset method is finally used to highlight the influence of the local variability of the fiber volume fraction, and of the related fabrics porosity and permeability on the mold filling time. The proposed method can be directly implemented on the manufacturing line of the composites. It can be used to optimize, part-to-part, the resin consumption by predicting the resin flow through perform. Interestingly, this novel optical method is auto-calibrated and does not depend on picture resolution.

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