scholarly journals Assessment of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injection-Molded Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Parts for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ivorra-Martinez ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner ◽  
José A. Covas
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In the present study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] was reinforced with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) to produce novel nanocomposites for potential uses in bone reconstruction. Contents of nHA in the 2.5–20 wt % range were incorporated into P(3HB-co-3HHx) by melt compounding and the resulting pellets were shaped into parts by injection molding. The addition of nHA improved the mechanical strength and the thermomechanical resistance of the microbial copolyester parts. In particular, the addition of 20 wt % of nHA increased the tensile (Et) and flexural (Ef) moduli by approximately 64% and 61%, respectively. At the highest contents, however, the nanoparticles tended to agglomerate, and the ductility, toughness, and thermal stability of the parts also declined. The P(3HB-co-3HHx) parts filled with nHA contents of up to 10 wt % matched more closely the mechanical properties of the native bone in terms of strength and ductility when compared with metal alloys and other biopolymers used in bone tissue engineering. This fact, in combination with their biocompatibility, enables the development of nanocomposite parts to be applied as low-stress implantable devices that can promote bone reconstruction and be reabsorbed into the human body.

scholarly journals Effects of the Sintering Process on Nacre-Derived Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Engineering

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab ◽  
Nurmimie Abdullah ◽  
Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin ◽  
Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah ◽  
Farinawati Yazid
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Nacreous Layer ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Porous Microstructure ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold ◽  
Osteoblast Markers

A hydroxyapatite scaffold is a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering due to its chemical component which mimics native bone. Electronic states which present on the surface of hydroxyapatite have the potential to be used to promote the adsorption or transduction of biomolecules such as protein or DNA. This study aimed to compare the morphology and bioactivity of sinter and nonsinter marine-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and micro-computed tomography (microCT) were used to characterize the morphology of both scaffolds. Scaffolds were co-cultured with 5 × 104/cm2 of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells for 7, 14, and 21 days. FESEM was used to observe the cell morphology, and MTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays were conducted to determine the cell viability and differentiation capacity of cells on both scaffolds. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) was used to identify the expression of osteoblast markers. The sinter scaffold had a porous microstructure with the presence of interconnected pores as compared with the nonsinter scaffold. This sinter scaffold also significantly supported viability and differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells (p < 0.05). The marked expression of Col1α1 and osteocalcin (OCN) osteoblast markers were also observed after 14 days of incubation (p < 0.05). The sinter scaffold supported attachment, viability, and differentiation of preosteoblast cells. Hence, sinter hydroxyapatite scaffold from nacreous layer is a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Poly(d,l-Lactic acid) Composite Foams Containing Phosphate Glass Particles Produced via Solid-State Foaming Using CO2 for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maziar Shah Mohammadi ◽  
Ehsan Rezabeigi ◽  
Jason Bertram ◽  
Benedetto Marelli ◽  
Richard Gendron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Gaseous Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Highly Porous

This study reports on the production and characterization of highly porous (up to 91%) composite foams for potential bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. A calcium phosphate-based glass particulate (PGP) filler of the formulation 50P2O5-40CaO-10TiO2 mol.%, was incorporated into biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) at 5, 10, 20, and 30 vol.%. The composites were fabricated by melt compounding (extrusion) and compression molding, and converted into porous structures through solid-state foaming (SSF) using high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide. The morphological and mechanical properties of neat PDLLA and composites in both nonporous and porous states were examined. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the PGPs were well dispersed throughout the matrices. The highly porous composite systems exhibited improved compressive strength and Young’s modulus (up to >2-fold) and well-interconnected macropores (up to ~78% open pores at 30 vol.% PGP) compared to those of the neat PDLLA foam. The pore size of the composite foams decreased with increasing PGPs content from an average of 920 µm for neat PDLLA foam to 190 µm for PDLLA-30PGP. Furthermore, the experimental data was in line with the Gibson and Ashby model, and effective microstructural changes were confirmed to occur upon 30 vol.% PGP incorporation. Interestingly, the SSF technique allowed for a high incorporation of bioactive particles (up to 30 vol.%—equivalent to ~46 wt.%) while maintaining the morphological and mechanical criteria required for BTE scaffolds. Based on the results, the SSF technique can offer more advantages and flexibility for designing composite foams with tunable characteristics compared to other methods used for the fabrication of BTE scaffolds.

scholarly journals Biomimetic coatings for bone tissue engineering of critical-sized defects

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuelian Liu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Klaas de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Biomimetic Coating

The repair of critical-sized bone defects is still challenging in the fields of implantology, maxillofacial surgery and orthopaedics. Current therapies such as autografts and allografts are associated with various limitations. Cytokine-based bone tissue engineering has been attracting increasing attention. Bone-inducing agents have been locally injected to stimulate the native bone-formation activity, but without much success. The reason is that these drugs must be delivered slowly and at a low concentration to be effective. This then mimics the natural method of cytokine release. For this purpose, a suitable vehicle was developed, the so-called biomimetic coating, which can be deposited on metal implants as well as on biomaterials. Materials that are currently used to fill bony defects cannot by themselves trigger bone formation. Therefore, biological functionalization of such materials by the biomimetic method resulted in a novel biomimetic coating onto different biomaterials. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-incorporated biomimetic coating can be a solution for a large bone defect repair in the fields of dental implantology, maxillofacial surgery and orthopaedics. Here, we review the performance of the biomimetic coating both in vitro and in vivo .

New Bismuth-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering

JOM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2534-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ciobanu ◽  
Ana Maria Bargan ◽  
Constantin Luca
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
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