scholarly journals Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone-Vinylon (CSPPSU-vinylon) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells from SPPSU and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Deok Kim ◽  
Satoshi Matsushita ◽  
Kenji Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane

A crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) polymer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were thermally crosslinked; then, a CSPPSU-vinylon membrane was synthesized using a formalization reaction. Its use as an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells was investigated. PVA was synthesized from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), using a saponification reaction. The CSPPSU-vinylon membrane was synthesized by the addition of PVA (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%), and its chemical, mechanical, conductivity, and fuel cell properties were studied. The conductivity of the CSPPSU-10vinylon membrane is higher than that of the CSPPSU membrane, and a conductivity of 66 mS/cm was obtained at 120 °C and 90% RH (relative humidity). From a fuel cell evaluation at 80 °C, the CSPPSU-10vinylon membrane has a higher current density than CSPPSU and Nafion212 membranes, in both high (100% RH) and low humidification (60% RH). By using a CSPPSU-vinylon membrane instead of a CSPPSU membrane, the conductivity and fuel cell performance improved.

scholarly journals Highly durable Pt-free fuel cell catalysts prepared by multi-step pyrolysis of Fe phthalocyanine and phenolic resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1400-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Nabae ◽  
Mayu Sonoda ◽  
Chiharu Yamauchi ◽  
Yo Hosaka ◽  
Ayano Isoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Cathode Catalyst ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Fuel Cell Catalysts

A Pt-free cathode catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells has been developed by multi-step pyrolysis of Fe phthalocyanine and phenolic resin and shows a quite promising fuel cell performance.

Effect of Vibration on the Liquid Water Transport of PEM Fuel Cells

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Breziner ◽  
Peter Strahs ◽  
Parsaoran Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Sinusoidal Vibration ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Liquid Water Transport

The objective of this research is to analyze the effects of vibration on the performance of hydrogen PEM fuel cells. It has been reported that if the liquid water transport across the gas diffusion layer (GDL) changes, so does the overall cell performance. Since many fuel cells operate under a vibrating environment –as in the case of automotive applications, this may influence the liquid water concentration across the GDL at different current densities, affecting the overall fuel cell performance. The problem was developed in two main steps. First, the basis for an analytical model was established using current models for water transport in porous media. Then, a series of experiments were carried, monitoring the performance of the fuel cell for different parameters of oscillation. For sinusoidal vibration at 10, 20 and 50Hz (2 g of magnitude), a decrease in the fuel cell performance by 2.2%, 1.1% and 1.3% was recorded when compared to operation at no vibration respectively. For 5 g of magnitude, the fuel cell reported a drop of 5.8% at 50 Hz, whereas at 20 Hz the performance increased by 1.3%. Although more extensive experimentation is needed to identify a relationship between magnitude and frequency of vibration affecting the performance of the fuel cell as well as a throughout examination of the liquid water formation in the cathode, this study shows that sinusoidal vibration, overall, affects the performance of PEM fuel cells.

An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of the Environmental Conditions and the Channel Depth for an Air-Breathing Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hun Park ◽  
Jerald A. Caton
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Channel Depth ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane

The effects of the environmental conditions and the channel depth for an air-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell were investigated experimentally. The fuel cell used in this work included a membrane and electrode assembly, which possessed an active area of 25 cm2 with Nafion® 117 membrane. Triple serpentine designs for the flow fields with two different flow depths were used in this research. The experimental results indicated that the relative humidity and temperature play an important role with respect to fuel cell performance. The fuel cell needs to be operated at least 20 min to obtain stable performance. When the shallow flow field was used, the performance increased dramatically for low humidity and slightly for high humidity. The current density was obtained around only 120 mA/cm2 at 30°C with an 80% relative humidity, which was nearly double the performance for the deep flow field. The minimum operating temperature for an air-breathing fuel cell would be 20°C. When it was 10°C at 60% relative humidity, the open circuit voltage dropped to around 0.65 V. The fuel cell performance improved with increasing relative humidity from 80% to 100% at high current density.

Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Miniaturized Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Pei-Wen Li ◽  
Qing-Ming Wang ◽  
Laura Schaefer ◽  
Minking K. Chyu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Ohmic Loss ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

Two types of miniaturized PEM fuel cells are designed and characterized in comparison with a compact commercial fuel cell device in this paper. One has Nafion® membrane electrolyte sandwiched by two brass bipolar plates with micromachined meander-like gas channels. The cross-sectional area of the gas flow channel is approximately 250 by 250 (μm). The other uses the same Nafion® membrane and anode structure, but in stead of the brass plate, a thin stainless steel plate with perforated round holes is used at cathode side. The new cathode structure is expected to allow oxygen (air) being supplied by free-convection mass transfer. The characteristic curves of the fuel cell devices are measured. The activation loss and ohmic loss of the fuel cells have been estimated using empirical equations. Critical issues such as flow arrangement, water removing and air feeding modes concerning the fuel cell performance are investigated in this research. The experimental results demonstrate that the miniaturized fuel cell with free air convection mode is a simple and reliable way for fuel cell operation that could be employed in potential applications although the maximum achievable current density is less favorable due to limited mass transfer of oxygen (air). The relation between the fuel cell dimensions and the maximum achievable current density is also discussed with respect to free-convection mode of air feeding.

Minichannels in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Trabold
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Sectional Shape

This paper provides an overview of the application of minichannels, typically on the order of 1 mm hydraulic diameter, in the design of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In these electrochemical devices, minichannels deliver reactant hydrogen and oxygen to the anode and cathode electrodes, respectively, while transporting product water out of the cell. The channels must be designed for low pressure drop, to avoid excessive parasitic power losses from gas handling equipment. However, the channels also need to operate in a flow regime in which the overall water balance in the fuel cell can be maintained. The various aspects of minichannel design, including size and cross-sectional shape, are discussed, with particular emphasis on fuel cell water management. In addition to reviewing these fundamental aspects of minichannel design, examples are given of new experimental tools currently under development which are applied to relate channel water transport and accumulation to fuel cell performance.

scholarly journals Novel phosphoric acid-doped PBI-blends as membranes for high-temperature PEM fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
pp. 10864-10874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Mack ◽  
Karin Aniol ◽  
Corina Ellwein ◽  
Jochen Kerres ◽  
Roswitha Zeis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Blend Membranes

We present novel acid–base blend membranes with improved chemical stability and competitive fuel cell performance compared to conventional PBI membranes.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Developments and Advanced Applications of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Hooshyari ◽  
Bahman Amini Horri ◽  
Hamid Abdoli ◽  
Mohsen Fallah Vostakola ◽  
Parvaneh Kakavand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Recent Developments

This review summarizes the current status, operating principles, and recent advances in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs), with a particular focus on the recent developments, technical challenges, and commercial prospects of the HT-PEM fuel cells. A detailed review of the most recent research activities has been covered by this work, with a major focus on the state-of-the-art concepts describing the proton conductivity and degradation mechanisms of HT-PEMs. In addition, the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of HT-PEM fuel cells as a function of operating conditions have been discussed. In addition, the review highlights the important outcomes found in the recent literature about the HT-PEM fuel cell. The main objectives of this review paper are as follows: (1) the latest development of the HT-PEMs, primarily based on polybenzimidazole membranes and (2) the latest development of the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of the HT-PEMs.

scholarly journals The Relative Humidity Effect Of The Reactants Flows Into The Cell To Increase PEM Fuel Cell Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulyazmi ◽  
W.R W Daud ◽  
Silvi Octavia ◽  
Maria Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Humidity Effect ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

Design of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system is still developed and improved to achieve performance and efficiency optimal. Improvement of PEM fuel cell performance can be achieved by knowing the effect of system parameters based on thermodynamics on voltage and current density. Many parameters affect the performance of PEM fuel cell, one of which is the relative humidity of the reactants that flow in on the anode and cathode sides. The results of this study show that the increase in relative humidity value on the cathode side (RHC) causes a significant increase in current density value when compared to the increase of relative humidity value on the anode side (RHA). The performance of single cells with high values is found in RHC is from 70% to 90%. The maximum current density generated at RHA is 70% and RHC is 90% with PEM operating temperature of 363 K and pressure of 1 atm

The Effect of Variable Catalyst Loading in Electrodes on PEM Fuel Cell Performance

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roshandel ◽  
B. Farhanieh
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Reactant Concentration

Catalyst layers are one the important parts of the PEM fuel cells as they are the main place for electrochemical reaction taking place in anode and cathode of the cells. The amount of catalyst loading of this layer has a large effect on PEM fuel cell performance. Non-uniformity of reactant concentration could lead to a variation of current density in anode and cathode catalyst layer. The main reason for this phenomenon is porosity variation due to two effects: 1. compression of electrode on the solid landing area and 2. Water produced at the cathode side of diffusion layer. In this study the effect of variable current density in anode and cathode electrode on cell performance is investigated. It has shown that better cell performance could be achieved by adding a certain amount of catalyst loading to each electrode, with respect to the reactant concentration.

Effects of Microhydrophobic Porous Layer on Water Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Ahmadi ◽  
Ramin Roshandel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane

Performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) at high current densities is limited to transport reactants and products. Furthermore, large amounts of water are generated and may be condensed due to the low temperature of the PEMFC. Development of a two-phase flow model is necessary in order to predict water flooding and its effects on the PEMFC performance. In this paper, a multiphase mixture model (M2) is used, accurately, to model two-phase transport in porous media of a PEMFC. The cathode side, which includes channel, gas diffusion layer (GDL), microporous layer (MPL), and catalyst layer (CL), is considered as the computational domain. A multidomain approach has been used and transport equations are solved in each domain independently with appropriate boundary conditions between GDL and MPL. Distributions of species concentration, temperature, and velocity field are obtained, and the effects of MPL on species distribution and fuel cell performance are investigated. MPL causes a saturation jump and a discontinuity in oxygen concentration at the GDL/MPL interface. The effect of MPL thickness on fuel cell performance is also studied. The results revealed that the MPL can highly increase the maximum power of a PEMFC.

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