scholarly journals Novel phosphoric acid-doped PBI-blends as membranes for high-temperature PEM fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
pp. 10864-10874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Mack ◽  
Karin Aniol ◽  
Corina Ellwein ◽  
Jochen Kerres ◽  
Roswitha Zeis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Blend Membranes

We present novel acid–base blend membranes with improved chemical stability and competitive fuel cell performance compared to conventional PBI membranes.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Developments and Advanced Applications of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Hooshyari ◽  
Bahman Amini Horri ◽  
Hamid Abdoli ◽  
Mohsen Fallah Vostakola ◽  
Parvaneh Kakavand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Recent Developments

This review summarizes the current status, operating principles, and recent advances in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs), with a particular focus on the recent developments, technical challenges, and commercial prospects of the HT-PEM fuel cells. A detailed review of the most recent research activities has been covered by this work, with a major focus on the state-of-the-art concepts describing the proton conductivity and degradation mechanisms of HT-PEMs. In addition, the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of HT-PEM fuel cells as a function of operating conditions have been discussed. In addition, the review highlights the important outcomes found in the recent literature about the HT-PEM fuel cell. The main objectives of this review paper are as follows: (1) the latest development of the HT-PEMs, primarily based on polybenzimidazole membranes and (2) the latest development of the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of the HT-PEMs.

Effect of Vibration on the Liquid Water Transport of PEM Fuel Cells

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Breziner ◽  
Peter Strahs ◽  
Parsaoran Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Sinusoidal Vibration ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Liquid Water Transport

The objective of this research is to analyze the effects of vibration on the performance of hydrogen PEM fuel cells. It has been reported that if the liquid water transport across the gas diffusion layer (GDL) changes, so does the overall cell performance. Since many fuel cells operate under a vibrating environment –as in the case of automotive applications, this may influence the liquid water concentration across the GDL at different current densities, affecting the overall fuel cell performance. The problem was developed in two main steps. First, the basis for an analytical model was established using current models for water transport in porous media. Then, a series of experiments were carried, monitoring the performance of the fuel cell for different parameters of oscillation. For sinusoidal vibration at 10, 20 and 50Hz (2 g of magnitude), a decrease in the fuel cell performance by 2.2%, 1.1% and 1.3% was recorded when compared to operation at no vibration respectively. For 5 g of magnitude, the fuel cell reported a drop of 5.8% at 50 Hz, whereas at 20 Hz the performance increased by 1.3%. Although more extensive experimentation is needed to identify a relationship between magnitude and frequency of vibration affecting the performance of the fuel cell as well as a throughout examination of the liquid water formation in the cathode, this study shows that sinusoidal vibration, overall, affects the performance of PEM fuel cells.

A phosphoric acid-doped electrocatalyst supported on poly(para-pyridine benzimidazole)-wrapped carbon nanotubes shows a high durability and performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 14318-14324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehui Yang ◽  
Tsuyohiko Fujigaya ◽  
Naotoshi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
High Durability ◽  
And Performance

Low fuel cell performance and durability are still the two main obstacles to the commercialization of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

scholarly journals Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone-Vinylon (CSPPSU-vinylon) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells from SPPSU and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Deok Kim ◽  
Satoshi Matsushita ◽  
Kenji Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane

A crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) polymer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were thermally crosslinked; then, a CSPPSU-vinylon membrane was synthesized using a formalization reaction. Its use as an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells was investigated. PVA was synthesized from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), using a saponification reaction. The CSPPSU-vinylon membrane was synthesized by the addition of PVA (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%), and its chemical, mechanical, conductivity, and fuel cell properties were studied. The conductivity of the CSPPSU-10vinylon membrane is higher than that of the CSPPSU membrane, and a conductivity of 66 mS/cm was obtained at 120 °C and 90% RH (relative humidity). From a fuel cell evaluation at 80 °C, the CSPPSU-10vinylon membrane has a higher current density than CSPPSU and Nafion212 membranes, in both high (100% RH) and low humidification (60% RH). By using a CSPPSU-vinylon membrane instead of a CSPPSU membrane, the conductivity and fuel cell performance improved.

scholarly journals Advancement in Phosphoric Acid Doped Polybenzimidazole Membrane for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Tahrim ◽  
I. N. H. M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Graphene

High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell as a sustainable green technology has been developed throughout the years as it provides several benefits compared to Nafion-based fuel cells (e.g., CO tolerance, improved kinetic and enhance water management). Polybenzimidazole which one of the best membrane candidates was extensively studied due to excellent properties to be used in high-temperature application. Impregnating polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid are most commonly practised as an electrolyte membrane in the PEMFC. In this paper, recent advancement of the existing literature regarding work revolving polybenzimidazole to improve the performance of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membrane for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell are reviewed. Notable works such as using aluminium containing silicate (Al-Si), silicon carbide whisker (mSiC) and sulfonated graphene oxide in the composite PBI derivatives were observed. Proton conductivity are recorded at 0.371, 0.271 and 0.280 S/cm, respectively.

SWNT Enhanced PEM Fuel Cells

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Ruf ◽  
B. J. Landi ◽  
R. P. Raffaelle
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

Considerable interest exists in the application of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Proposed applications include use as anode materials in both hydrogen and direct methanol fuel cells, solid polymer electrolyte additives, active cathode materials, and bipolar plate interconnects. SWNTs have extremely high electrical conductivity and catalytic surface areas which make them potentially outstanding active materials for PEMFC electrodes. Additionally the enhanced mechanical properties may play a roll in developing new fuel cell designs such as thin-film microelectronic fuel cells. In a previous study SWNTs were combined with commercially obtained E-TEK Vulcan XC-72 and Nafion® to produce composite cathode membranes. The addition of nanotubes resulted in enhanced fuel cell performance over an equivalent weight percent doping of E-TEK alone. This increased performance was achieved with a 50% reduction in the quantity of platinum present in the cathode. In the present study we investigate fuel cell performance when both the anode and cathode membranes contain graphite, platinum and SWNTs. The SWNTs were characterized by use of thermogravimetric analysis, Raman and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopes as well as high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fuel cell performance was determined by comparison of the IV characteristics.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Analysis of Phosphoric Acid Leakage in High-Temperature Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole Membrane Fuel Cell Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungyoon Han ◽  
Yeon Hun Jeong ◽  
Ju Hae Jung ◽  
Alina Begley ◽  
Euiji Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) utilize a phosphoric acid- (PA-) doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane as a polymer electrolyte. The PA concentration in the membrane can affect fuel cell performance, as a significant amount of PA can leak from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) by dissolution in discharged water, which is a byproduct of cell operation. Spectrophotometric analysis of PA leakage in PA-doped polybenzimidazole membrane fuel cells is described here. This spectrophotometric analysis is based on measurement of absorption of an ion pair formed by phosphomolybdic anions and the cationoid color reagent. Different color reagents were tested based on PA detection sensitivity, stability of the formed color, and accuracy with respect to the amount of PA measured. This method allows for nondestructive analysis and monitoring of PA leakage during HT-PEMFCs operation.

Non-stoichiometric tungsten-carbide-oxide-supported Pt–Ru anode catalysts for PEM fuel cells – From basic electrochemistry to fuel cell performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (27) ◽  
pp. 13929-13938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana M. Brkovic ◽  
Milica P. Marceta Kaninski ◽  
Petar Z. Lausevic ◽  
Aleksandra B. Saponjic ◽  
Aleksandra M. Radulovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Anode Catalysts ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

Thermal Sealing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Share ◽  
Lakshmi Krishnan ◽  
Dan Walczyk ◽  
David Lesperence ◽  
Raymond Puffer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Membrane Electrode Assemblies ◽  
Slow Kinetics ◽  
Electrode Assemblies

The main challenges of low temperature (80–120°C) Nafion-based PEM technology are (1) low cathode performance due to slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (2) high material costs (3) considerable system design and operation for water management (4) low tolerance to impurities in fuel stream and (5) low quality heat resulting in low overall system efficiency. Furthermore, Nafion membranes achieve maximum conductivity only when hydrated, limiting their operation to <100 C. Operating the fuel cell >100 C is desirable to overcome the aforementioned limitations. Though several high temperature membranes for PEMFC have been developed, polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with high Phosphoric acid content (>90%) developed by BASF Fuel cell are currently seeing commercial interest. The most vital step in MEA manufacturing is the sealing of the membrane in between the electrode-substrate assembly to form a five-layer architecture. Currently, MEA sealing is done by a thermal seal process. This paper examines the effect of thermal sealing process parameters, namely (1) sealing temperature (2) percent compression (3) sealing time and (4) manufacturer-specified post-processing after sealing on the fuel cell performance. A design of experiments was developed with these input process parameters and the polarization behavior during single cell operation, as well as internal cell resistance, were analyzed as performance parameters. ANOVA analysis revealed the statistically significant input factors for the thermal sealing process, which are essential for the rapid and high-quality manufacturing of membrane electrode assemblies for high temperature fuel cells. Furthermore, a multiphysics model has been developed to allow for further refinement of the MEA sealing process.

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