scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the Biocomposites of Miscanthus Biocarbon and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglin Li ◽  
Christoff Reimer ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Amar K. Mohanty ◽  
Manjusri Misra
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The Impact

Miscanthus biocarbon (MB), a renewable resource-based, carbon-rich material, was melt-processed with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) to produce sustainable biocomposites. The addition of the biocarbon improved the Young’s modulus of PHBV from 3.6 to 5.2 GPa at 30 wt % filler loading. An increase in flexural modulus, up to 48%, was also observed. On the other hand, the strength, elongation-at-break and impact strength decreased. Morphological study of the impact-fractured surfaces showed weak interaction at the interface and the existence of voids and agglomerates, especially with high filler contents. The thermal stability of the PHBV/MB composites was slightly reduced compared with the neat PHBV. The biocarbon particles were not found to have a nucleating effect on the polymer. The degradation of PHBV and the formation of unstable imperfect crystals were revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Higher filler contents resulted in reduced crystallinity, indicating more pronounced effect on polymer chain mobility restriction. With the addition of 30 wt % biocarbon, the heat deflection temperature (HDT) became 13 degrees higher and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) decreased from 100.6 to 75.6 μm/(m·°C), desired improvement for practical applications.

Toughening Modification of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Blends by Poly(ethylene-co-octene)

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394
Author(s):  
Huiyu Bai ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yinxi Zhang ◽  
Xiangfu Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bisphenol A Polycarbonate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact

New toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) blends were obtained by melt blending with commercial poly(ethylene-co-octene) copolymer (POE), varying the POE content up to 10 wt%, in a twin screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. The influence of POE on the properties of the PBT/PC blends was investigated in terms of mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results showed that addition of POE led to remarkable increases in the impact strength, elongation at break and Vicat temperature, and a reduction in the tensile strength and flexural properties of PBT/PC blends. The morphology of the blends was observed using SEM and the average diameter of the dispersed phase was determined by image analysis. The critical inter-particle distance for PBT/PC was determined.

Structure-property relationship of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)/polycaprolactone coated inorganic particle composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Bing Meng ◽  
Zhihua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Inorganic Particle ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Polycaprolactone (PCL)-coated micro kaolin and nano-titania were prepared by high-speed hybrid mechanical coating. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)-coated inorganic particle composites were prepared by the melt-blending process. The influence of coated kaolin microparticles on the dynamic rheological behavior, non-isothermal crystallization behavior, micromorphology, and mechanical behavior were investigated. The effect of coated nano-titania on the mechanical properties of PBS-coated kaolin composites was also studied. A dynamic rheological property indicates that the complex viscosity of PBS-coated kaolin microcomposites is higher than neat PBS. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) implies that the micrometric size of kaolin particles restrains the crystallization of PBS. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) reveals a well dispersed state of coated kaolin in the polymer matrix. The impact strength of PBS-coated kaolin microcomposites is improved, while the tensile strength and elongation at break is decreased, but still appreciable. The introduction of coated nano-titania improves the impact strength dramatically, and the elongation at break of composites is considerable.

scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Marble Dust in Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Biocomposites: Mechanical, Thermal and Wear Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Lendvai ◽  
Tej Singh ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Amar Patnaik ◽  
Gábor Dogossy
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this present work was to study the applicability of waste marble dust (MD) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites. Samples containing up to 20 wt% waste MD were prepared via melt blending. The attention was focused on the investigation of mechanical, morphological, thermal properties and the wear resistance of the PLA/MD composites. Regarding the mechanical properties, both the tensile and the flexural modulus improved remarkably, however, a slight loss was observed in strength and deformability. The impact toughness showed an increasing tendency up to 10 wt% MD loading, which was followed by a marginal decrease at higher concentration. With respect to the sliding wear rate, the composite with the highest MD content showed the best wear resistance. According to the DSC measurements, the MD hampered the chain mobility of PLA, thereby reducing the crystalline ratio. Overall, composites with improved properties were developed, while the reuse of waste MD is expected to reduce the production costs as well.

scholarly journals The Research of Physical and Mechanical, Thermophysical Properties of Epoxy-Polyester Composite Materials Filled with Discrete Fibers to Increase the Reliability of Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
The Impact

In the article the polymeric materials based on epoxy-polyester binder with addition of dispersed fibers were developed. The mechanical and thermophysical methods were used. The influence of carbon fibers (0.01–0.30 pts.wt.) and cotton (0.01–0.30 pts.wt.) on the physical and mechanical, thermophysical properties of epoxy-polyester composites was investigated. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of carbon fibers leads to an increase in the fracture stresses, the flexural modulus; the maximum increase was observed for the carbon fiber content q = 0.01 pts.wt. (fl = 71.0 MPa, E = 3.8 GPa, W = 7.8 kJ/m2 ). The heat resistance of composite materials at this content of carbon fibers is maximal (T = 337 K), and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) is minimal and decreases in all temperature ranges (compared to the matrix). It was found, that the introduction of cotton fibers at a content q = 0.02 pts.wt. into the composition leads to an increase of the flexural modulus from E = 3.6 GPa (matrix) to E = 3.8 GPa and flexural stresses from fl = 50.4 MPa to fl = 55.2 MPa. The impact strength of such materials decreases from W = 8.3 kJ/m2 to W = 4.9 kJ/m2 . The results of the study of physical and mechanical properties of composite materials with the addition of cotton fibers were confirmed by thermophysical properties. It was found, that the heat resistance of materials increases from T = 335 K to T = 338 K at this content. The developed composite materials filled can be used to protect equipment, which are exposed to high temperatures or dynamic loads at moderate temperatures.

Effect of low nanoclay content on the physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Robledo-Ortíz ◽  
AS Martín del Campo ◽  
EJ López-Naranjo ◽  
M Arellano ◽  
CF Jasso-Gastinel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Nanoclay Content ◽  
The Impact

In this work, three different nanoclays (1.44P, 1.34MN, and Cloisite 15A) were used to reinforce an injection grade poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared using three different nanoclay concentration levels (1, 3, and 5 wt%) in a twin-screw extruder. To evaluate their mechanical performance (static and dynamic tests) and thermal properties, the respective samples were obtained by injection molding. Results showed that the three nanoclays significantly increased the tensile and flexural modulus of the injection grade PLA. The 1.34MN NCs also showed improvement in the tensile strength. An increment in flexural strength was obtained with 1.34MN and 1.44P nanoclays, while with nanoclay 15A, the flexural strength decreased. Additionally, the use of 5 wt% of 1.44P nanoclay allowed an increase in impact strength while using 1.34MN and 15A nanoclays, the impact strength was similar to the one observed for pure PLA. In general, mechanodynamic analysis results showed that storage modulus increased with nanoclay content; while thermogravimetric analysis indicated that none of the nanoclays has a significant effect over the degradation temperature of pure PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the crystallinity of PLA is enhanced with nanoclay inclusion. For 1.34MN NCs, X-ray diffraction observations exposed that the mineral clay relative intensity peaks disappeared indicating nanoclay exfoliation, which contributes to the increase in tensile and flexural strength in the NCs. Nevertheless for 1.44P and 15A nanoclays, an increase in the interlayer distance (intercalation) was detected.

Effect of SEBS on the Mechanical Properties and Miscibility of Polystyrene Rich Polystyrene/ Polypropylene Blends

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sani Amril Samsudin ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Munirah Mokhtar ◽  
Syed Mustafa Syed Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blend Composition ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
The Impact

Blends of polystyrene (PS) with polypropylene (PP) are usually developed to overcome the inherent brittleness of PS. However, PS with PP are immiscible and (in the absence of a compatibiliser) incompatible. The present study investigated the effects of styrene-b (ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) on the mechanical properties and compatibility of PS-rich PS/PP blends. Using a Brabender PL2000 twin-screw extruder, blends of PS/PP in various compositions ranging from 100-60 wt% PS with and without SEBS were prepared and injection moulded. The overall results clearly showed that the mechanical properties of PS/PP blends are dependent on blend composition (ratio of PS/PP) and SEBS content. The impact strength and elongation at break of the PS/PP blends increase with SEBS content, at the expense of tensile strength and flexural modulus. The improvements in impact strength and elongation at break with the addition of SEBS are due to the improved interfacial adhesion between the dispersed phase (PP) and matrix phase (PS). The improvement in miscibility of the PS/PP blend with the addition of SEBS is supported by DMA analysis. This showed that the 60/40 PS/PP blends possess two endothermic peaks whereas 60/40/25 PS/PP/SEBS blends have a single endothermic peak at 102 °C, indicating that they have an improved miscibility. The effectiveness of SEBS in enhancing the blends depends on the blend composition. A significant improvement was observed upon addition of more than 10 phr of SEBS into the 70/30 and 60/40 PS/PP blends, but not much improvement in the case of the 90/10 and 80/20 PS/PP blends. However, a higher SEBS content is more effective at higher PS contents, as illustrated by the 90/10/25 PS/PP/SEBS blends having higher impact strengths than 60/40/25 PS/PP/SEBS. The optimum blend, based on achieving a balance between toughness (impact strength) and stiffness (flexural modulus), is 90/10/25 PS/PP/SEBS, followed by 80/20/25 PS/PP/SEBS.

Green composites based on recycled polyamide-6/recycled polypropylene kenaf composites: mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhailah Mohd Sukri ◽  
Nor Liyana Suradi ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
Abdul Razak Rahmat ◽  
Azman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Kenaf Composites ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of kenaf contents on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of recycled polyamide-6 (rPA-6)/recycled polypropylene (rPP) blends. Kenaf was used to enhance the properties of composites. Alkali treating of kenaf by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and combination with propylene grafted maleic anhydride (PPgMA) as a compatibilizer produced good adhesion both between rPP and rPA-6, and rPA-6/rPP and kenaf. Tensile, flexural and Izod impact tests were evaluated to study the mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were carried out to investigate thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for morphological analysis. Generally, the mechanical properties were successfully enhanced, especially Young’s modulus, flexural modulus, flexural strength and elongation at break, while there were some problems which caused the tensile strength and impact strength to be inferior. Thermal analysis showed that the crystallization of composites decreased as kenaf contents were increased. SEM showed a problem with kenaf and rPP/rPA-6 compatibility, which led to insufficient matrix at some places and agglomeration of kenaf at other places. Morphologically, there was unidirectional presence of kenaf in rPP main composites and random orientation in rPA-6 main composites.

Nylon 612/TiO2 composites by anionic copolymerization-molding process: Comparative evaluation of thermal and mechanical performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anionic Copolymerization

This study describes the changes in some properties of two series of nylon 612/TiO2 composites by varying filler type (untreated and treated) and content (up 8.0 wt.%). The samples preparation by simultaneous anionic copolymerization-molding process ensures a good dispersion of the filler in matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetrical analysis, static mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy allowed to investigate the effects of filler loading on the mechanical, thermal and morphological characteristics of the samples and revealed the importance of filler treatment on the composites behaviour. The semicrystalline character has been proved by differential scanning calorimetry (only a single melting peak is present) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (two reflexion plane with d-spacing of 0.4311 and 0.3817 nm appear). At the same filler content, the difference ΔHm1–ΔHc was higher for the samples with treated filler. The lower Tm,α(2) in comparison with Tm,α(1) revealed a modification of the nucleation process during crystallization. The main mass loss of the samples occurred between 277 and 550℃. The addition of the filler leads to the improvement of flexural strength and flexural modulus in comparison with neat copolymer. Incorporating 8.0 wt.% treated filler, the Tg value increases by about 11.0%, reaching 61.0℃.

Impact Strength, Flexural Modulus and Wear Rate of PMMA Composites Reinforced by Eggshell Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7A) ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
Aseel M. Abdullah ◽  
Hussein Jaber ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Kaisy
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Pure Pmma ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Bond

In the present study, the impact strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with eggshell powder (ESP) composites have been investigated. The PMMA used as a matrix material reinforced with ESP at two different states (including untreated eggshell powder (UTESP) and treated eggshell powder (TESP)). Both UTESP and TESP were mixed with PMMA at different weight fractions ranged from (1-5) wt.%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PMMA/ESP composites were enhanced steadily with increasing eggshell contents. The samples with 5 wt.% of UTESP and TESP additions give the maximum values of impact strength, about twice the value of the pure PMMA sample. The calcination process of eggshells powders gives better properties of the PMMA samples compared with the UTESP at the same weight fraction due to improvements in the interface bond between the matrix and particles. The wear characteristics of the PMMA composites decrease by about 57% with increases the weight fraction of TESP up to 5 wt.%. The flexural modulus values are slightly enhanced by increasing of the ESP contents in the PMMA composites.

Star-shaped arylacetylene resins derived from silicon

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-684
Author(s):  
Niping Dai ◽  
Junkun Tang ◽  
Manping Ma ◽  
Xiaotian Liu ◽  
Chuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
High Performance Resin

AbstractStar-shaped arylacetylene resins, tris(3-ethynyl-phenylethynyl)methylsilane, tris(3-ethynyl-phenylethynyl) phenylsilane, and tris (3-ethynyl-phenylethynyl) silane (TEPHS), were synthesized through Grignard reaction between 1,3-diethynylbenzene and three types of trichlorinated silanes. The chemical structures and properties of the resins were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Haake torque rheomoter, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, mechanical test, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the melt viscosity at 120 °C is lower than 150 mPa⋅s, and the processing windows are as wide as 60 °C for the resins. The resins cure at the temperature as low as 150 °C. The good processabilities make the resins to be suitable for resin transfer molding. The cured resins exhibit high flexural modulus and excellent heat-resistance. The flexural modulus of the cured TEPHS at room temperature arrives at as high as 10.9 GPa. Its temperature of 5% weight loss (Td5) is up to 697 °C in nitrogen. The resins show the potential for application in fiber-reinforced composites as high-performance resin in the field of aviation and aerospace.

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