scholarly journals Influence of Polymer Composites and Memory Foam on Energy Absorption in Vehicle Application

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pilipović ◽  
Petar Ilinčić ◽  
Jelena Petruša ◽  
Zoran Domitran
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
The Impact

The automotive industry is one of the biggest consumers of polymer composites. Aside from good mechanical properties, polymer composites have low mass, which positively affects the overall vehicle weight reduction and improves energy efficiency. Although polymer composites are used in various vehicle components, this paper focused on the application in vehicle bumper production. Two different composite plates with hybrid fiber layup were made; the first plate with a combination of glass and carbon fibers and the second with carbon and aramid. For comparison, and as a cheaper variant, a third plate was made only with glass fibers. In the first two plates, epoxy resin was used as the matrix, while in the third plate, polyester resin was used. Polyurethane memory foams of different densities (60, 80, 100 kg/m3) and thicknesses (10, 15, 20 mm) were used as impact force energy absorbers. With the factorial design of experiments, it was found that the thickness of the memory foam was the main influence factor. Without the use of memory foam, the hybrid composite, made of glass and carbon fibers, showed the highest energy absorption, while with the use of foam, the highest energy absorption was achieved with the glass fiber composite. Without the memory foam, the impact force measured on the glass/carbon hybrid composite was 9319.11 ± 93.18 N. Minimum impact force to the amount of 5143.19 ± 237.65 N was measured when the glass fiber composite plate was combined with the memory foam. When using memory foam, the impact force was reduced by 30–48%, depending on the type of composite used.

Flexural and Impact Properties of 2D and 3D Jute/GF/Epoxy Hybrid Composite Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
N.R.R. Anbusagar ◽  
K. Palanikumar ◽  
R. Mohanarangan ◽  
P. Sengottuvel
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
Nylon Fiber ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Impact

In order characterize the outstanding performance of the three dimensional (3D) hybrid composites, the charpy and flexural test has been carried out. 3D fiber structures have been achieved by using hand lay-up process and machine stitching method. Materials for hand lay-up and machine stitching process were glass fiber, jute fiber, and epoxy resin and nylon fiber respectively. Two dimensional (2D) glass fiber composite and 2D hybrid composite with the same stacking sequence as three dimensional (3D) counterparts have also been fabricated for the comparison of impact and flexural strength. The impact strength of 3D hybrid composite was increased (5-10%) compared with that 2D glass fiber and 2D hybrid composites. The flexural strength and modulus of 3D hybrid composite were increased (5-10%) compared with that of 2D hybrid composites.

Numerical Evaluation of Stiffness and Energy Absorption of a Hybrid Unidirectional/Random Glass Fiber Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wensong Yang ◽  
Assimina A. Pelegri
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite

A finite element method is employed to numerically evaluate the stiffness and energy absorption properties of an architecturally hybrid composite material consisting of unidirectional and random glass fiber layers. An ls-dyna finite element model of a composite hollow square tube is developed in which the position of the random fiber layers varies through the thickness. The assessment of the stiffness and energy absorption is performed via three-point impact and longitudinal crash tests at two speeds, 15.6 m/s (35 mph) and 29.0 m/s (65 mph), and five strain rates, ɛ· = 0.1 s−1, 1 s−1, 10 s−1, 20 s−1, and 40 s−1. It is suggested that strategic positioning of the random fiber microstructural architecture into the hybrid composite increases its specific absorption energy and, therefore, enhances its crashworthiness. The simulation data indicate that the composite structure with outer layers of unidirectional lamina followed by random fiber layers is the stiffest due to the considerable superior specific energy absorption of the random fiber micro-architecture. Moreover, it is illustrated that the specific energy absorption increases with the increased ratio of impact contact area over cross-section area. Of all the parameters tested the thickness of the unidirectional laminate on the specific energy absorption does not appear to have a significant effect at the studied thickness ratios.

Energy Absorption of Braided Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Tubes

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Ching Quek ◽  
Anthony M. Waas
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Continuum Damage Mechanics ◽  
Composite Tubes ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite

Abstract Results from an experimental and analytical study on the behavior of braided glass fiber composite tubes under quasi-static crush conditions are presented. The composite tubes have an initiator plug introduced at one open end (chamfered) while the other end is clamped. This procedure causes the tube to ‘flare’ outwards into fronds and results in the progressive failure of the tube in the axial and hoop direction without global tube buckling. Axial force and axial displacements are measured during these tests in order to assess energy absorption. In addition, readings from strain gages that are placed at critical locations on the tube walls are used to assess the state of strain on the tube walls away from the crush end. During a crush test, the axial load ascended to a maximum value and subsequently settled to a plateau value about which the load oscillated during the progressive crushing of the tube. The oscillations exhibited distinct periodicity. Results from an analytical model that best simulates the failure of these tubes are presented. The model is based on an axisymmetric formulation of the cylindrical shell equations in conjunction with ideas from classical fracture mechanics and continuum damage mechanics.

scholarly journals Cyclic Relaxation, Impact Properties and Fracture Toughness of Carbon and Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7412
Author(s):  
Mohammed Y. Abdellah ◽  
Mohamed K. Hassan ◽  
Ahmed F. Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed H. Backar
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
Cyclic Relaxation ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates are experimentally tested. The relaxation behavior of carbon and glass fiber composite laminates is investigated at room temperature. In addition, the impact strength under drop-weight loading is measured. The hand lay-up technique is used to fabricate composite laminates with woven 8-ply carbon and glass fiber reinforced epoxy. Tensile tests, cyclic relaxation tests and drop weight impacts are carried out on the carbon and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates. The surface release energy GIC and the related fracture toughness KIC are important characteristic properties and are therefore measured experimentally using a standard test on centre-cracked specimens. The results show that carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates with high tensile strength give high cyclic relaxation performance, better than the specimens with glass fiber composite laminates. This is due to the higher strength and stiffness of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy with 600 MPa compared to glass fiber-reinforced epoxy with 200 MPa. While glass fibers show better impact behavior than carbon fibers at impact energies between 1.9 and 2.7 J, this is due to the large amount of epoxy resin in the case of glass fiber composite laminates, while the impact behavior is different at impact energies between 2.7 and 3.4 J. The fracture toughness KIC is measured to be 192 and 31 MPa √m and the surface energy GIC is measured to be 540.6 and 31.1 kJ/m2 for carbon and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates, respectively.

Influence of Temperature Variation on the Post Impact Strength of Glass Fiber Composite Materials

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Ibekwe ◽  
Patrick F. Mensah ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Su-Seng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Glass Fiber Composite laminates were subjected to low velocity impact at 2 m/s using a semi-hemispherical drop tower tup. Impact damage were observed and recorded over a wide range of temperatures. Of particular interest is the post impact strength at these test temperatures. The effect of temperature variation on the impact damages and on the residual compressive buckling strength and elastic modulus is evaluated based on the test results.

Study on Modification of Phenolic Resin/Glass Fiber Composite by Polyvinyl Alcohol

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 3045-3048
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Yu Jing Nie
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Impact

A new type of modified phenolic resin/glass fiber composite is introduced. Phenolic resin was modified with 2% polyvinyl alcohol(PVA). Test specimens were prepared by mixing and molding. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was adopted to investigate its molecular structure. FTIR results showed that long aliphatic chain were introduced into the structure of PR, which could absorb the energy during load was applied on the composite. The toughing mechanism was investigated by comparing the impact strength, bending resistance, tensile strength with non-modified phenolic resin. Results shows that the impact strength of the modified PR/GF composite reaches 53.21 KJ/m2, which is almost 2 times more than that of pure PR/GF composite. Finally, the application of the modified PR/GF composite on shoes head was introduced.

Effects of Duration on Wear Rate of a PTFE Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Han Jun Hu ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Yu Gang Zheng ◽  
Kai Feng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Hua Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Ptfe Composite ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite

A type of PTFE/MoS2/glass fiber composite has been used as bearing cage material. To study the friction properties, the tests have been performed under various parameters on block-on-ring. The experimental results were as follows: Wear rate of the polymer composites was dramatically affected by test duration. With increase of test duration, the wear rate rapidly decreased. At the sliding velocity of 1.83m/s and load of 45N, the highest wear rate was 8.85×10-15m3/N·m in the test of duration 0.5h, while the lowest was 0.88×10-15m3/N·m in the test of duration 10h (the minimum and maximum times examined).

scholarly journals Scale Effect on Impact Performance of Unidirectional Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Laminates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Yiou Shen ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Scale Effect ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

As a result of the increasing use of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites in engineering fields, the investigation of scale effect on impact performance for this kind of composite is essential for large scale structure design. The effects of scaling on the impact response of simply supported unidirectional GFRP were investigated through drop weight impact (DWI) tests in this study. Impact tests were undertaken over a wide range of energies to generate damages between barely visible and initiated penetration on four scale size GFRP laminates. The main impact responses including impact force, contact duration, displacement, energy absorption and damage area of scaled specimens were normalized to compare with the full-size specimen. It was found that the impact response of large sample with elastic deformation and small area of delamination can be predicted accurately according to a geometrical similar scaling law. Scale effect was found in the damage threshold force and absorbed energy of the laminates when significant internal damage occurs due to the microstructural effect becoming important in resisting impact force and absorbing impact energy. Moreover, the energy partition and effective stiffness were calculated according to the energy balance model to reveal the contribution of different modes of deformations on energy absorption for the GFRP laminates.

Wood-Glass Fiber Composite Materials in Structural Elements of Tram Tracks

2019 ◽  
Vol 777 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
B.A. BONDAREV ◽  
◽  
T.N. STORODUBTSEVA ◽  
D.A. KOPALIN ◽  
S.V. KOSTIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Composite Materials
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