scholarly journals On the Tensile Behaviour of Bio-Sourced 3D-Printed Structures from a Microstructural Perspective

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Sofiane Guessasma ◽  
Sofiane Belhabib ◽  
Abdullah Altin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Micro Tomography

The influence of the microstructural arrangement of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) on its mechanical properties is studied using both numerical and experimental approaches. Thermal cycling during the laying down of PLA filament is investigated through infra-red measurements for different printing conditions. The microstructure induced by 3D printing is determined using X-ray micro-tomography. The mechanical properties are measured under tensile testing conditions. Finite element computation is considered to predict the mechanical performance of 3D-printed PLA by converting the acquired 3D images into structural meshes. The results confirm the leading role of the printing temperature on thermal cycling during the laying down process. In addition, the weak influence of the printing temperature on the stiffness of 3D-printed PLA is explained by the relatively small change in porosity content. However, the influence of the printing temperature on the ultimate properties is found to be substantial. This major influence is explained from finite element predictions as an effect of pore connectivity which is found to be the control factor for tensile strength.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Wood-PLA/PHA Using Fused Deposition Modelling: Effect of Printing Temperature

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guessasma ◽  
Belhabib ◽  
Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Element Computation ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Finite Element Computation

The microstructure and mechanical performance of wood-based filament is investigated in the case of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique using experimental and numerical approaches. The printing process of wood-PLA/PHA is conducted by varying the printing temperature, typically from 210 °C to 250 °C. The filament temperature during the laying down is measured using infra-red camera to study the thermal cycling. In addition, X-ray micro-tomography is used to evaluate the material arrangement of printed wood-PLA/PHA at different length scales. Tensile experiments are performed to rank the loss in mechanical performance with respect to the filament properties. Finally, finite element computation is considered to predict the tensile behaviour based on the implementation of the real 3D microstructure issued from X-ray micro-tomography. The results show that the wood-based filament is printable over a wide range of temperatures and exhibits a marked heat accumulation tendency at high printing temperatures. However, the limited gain in tensile performance at these temperatures makes 220 °C an optimal choice for printing wood-based filament. The elongation at break of 3D-printed wood-PLA/PHA is remarkably similar to the results observed for the filament. Finite element computation reveals that despite this apparent similarity, the associated deformation mechanisms are different.

scholarly journals The Mechanical Properties of Fiber Metal Laminates Based on 3D Printed Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5264
Author(s):  
Bharat Yelamanchi ◽  
Eric MacDonald ◽  
Nancy G. Gonzalez-Canche ◽  
Jose G. Carrillo ◽  
Pedro Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fiber Metal

The production and mechanical properties of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) based on 3D printed composites have been investigated in this study. FMLs are structures constituting an alternating arrangement of metal and composite materials that are used in the aerospace sector due to their unique mechanical performance. 3D printing technology in FMLs could allow the production of structures with customized configuration and performance. A series of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites were printed on a Markforged system and placed between layers of aluminum alloy to manufacture a novel breed of FMLs in this study. These laminates were subjected to tensile, low velocity and high velocity impact tests. The results show that the tensile strength of the FMLs falls between the strength of their constituent materials, while the low and high velocity impact performance of the FMLs is superior to those observed for the plain aluminum and the composite material. This mechanism is related to the energy absorption process displayed by the plastic deformation, and interfacial delamination within the laminates. The present work expects to provide an initial research platform for considering 3D printing in the manufacturing process of hybrid laminates.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance Evaluation of the Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) Aluminum Alloys after Transient Thermal Shock through an Novel Equivalent Structure Design and Finite Element Modeling

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Congchang Xu ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Hanlin Xiang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Constitutive Relation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Equivalent Structure ◽  
Material Constitutive Relation ◽  
Transient Thermal

In this paper, the microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of the Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) aluminum alloy after transient thermal shock were investigated through experimental tests and finite element simulations. A novel equivalent structure was designed as a typical case in which one side of the plate was welded therefore the other side was thermally shocked with different temperature distribution and duration. The temperature gradient which influences most importantly the mechanical properties was simulated and experimentally verified. Through cutting layers and tensile testing, the mechanical response and material constitutive relation were obtained for each layer. Gurson-Tvergaard-Needlemen (GTN) damage parameters of these samples under large strains were then obtained by the Swift law inverse analysis approach. By sorting the whole welded joint into multi-material composed structure and introducing the obtained material constitutive relation and damage parameters, tensile properties were precisely predicted for typical types of weld joint such as butt, corner, and lap joints. The results show that precipitate coarsening, phase transformation from β″ phase to Q′ phase, and dissolving in the temperature range of 243.3–466.3 °C during the thermal shock induced a serious deterioration of the mechanical properties. The highest reduction of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) would be 38.6% and 57.4% respectively. By comparing the simulated and experimentally obtained force-displacement curves, the error for the above prediction method was evaluated to be less than 8.1%, indicating the proposed method being effective and reliable.

Finite element analysis of a personalized femoral scaffold with designed microarchitecture

2009 ◽  
Vol 224 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Pandithevan ◽  
G Saravana Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Ct Data

Tissue engineering scaffolds with intricate and controlled internal structure can be realized using computer-aided design (CAD) and layer manufacturing (LM) techniques. Design and manufacturing of scaffolds for load-bearing bone sites should consider appropriate biocompatibile materials with interconnected porosity, surface properties, and sufficient mechanical properties that match the surrounding bone, in order to provide adequate support, and to mimic the physiological stress—strain state so as to stimulate new tissue growth. The authors have previously published methods for estimating subject- and site-specific bone modulus using computed tomography (CT) data, CAD, and process planning for LM of controlled porous scaffolds. This study evaluates the mechanical performance of the designed porous hydroxyapite scaffolds in load-bearing sites using a finite element (FE) approach. A subject-specific FE analysis using femoral, defect site geometry and anisotropic material assignment based on CT data is employed. Mechanical behaviour of the femur with scaffold in stance-phase gait loading, which has been shown experimentally to produce clinically relevant results, is analysed. The comparison of results with simulation of healthy femur shows an overall correspondence in stress and strain state which will provide optimized mechanical properties for avoiding stress shielding, and adequate strength to avoid failure risk and for active bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Printability and Tensile Performance of 3D Printed Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Using Fused Deposition Modelling

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiane Guessasma ◽  
Sofiane Belhabib ◽  
Hedi Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Micro Tomography

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is a thermoplastic formed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ethylene glycol and known for his high impact resistance and ductility. The printability of PETG for fused deposition modelling (FDM) is studied by monitoring the filament temperature using an infra-red camera. The microstructural arrangement of 3D printed PETG is analysed by means of X-ray micro-tomography and tensile performance is investigated in a wide range of printing temperatures from 210 °C to 255 °C. A finite element model is implemented based on 3D microstructure of the printed material to reveal the deformation mechanisms and the role of the microstructural defects on the mechanical performance. The results show that PETG can be printed within a limited range of printing temperatures. The results suggest a significant loss of the mechanical performance due to the FDM processing and particularly a substantial reduction of the elongation at break is observed. The loss of this property is explained by the inhomogeneous deformation of the PETG filament. X-ray micro-tomography results reveal a limited amount of process-induced porosity, which only extends through the sample thickness. The FE predictions point out the combination of local shearing and inhomogeneous stretching that are correlated to the filament arrangement within the plane of construction.

The Effects of Operational, Testing and Material Characterisations On the Change in Yield Strength From Plate to Pipe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsi Jiao ◽  
Cheng Lu ◽  
Valerie Linton ◽  
Frank Barbaro
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Operational Testing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The mechanical performance of the pipe sample has a direct influence on their application in real environments and a significant economic impact on manufacturers, especially when the pipe products do not meet required specifications. There is often a change in the yield strength from plate to pipe due to strain hardening and the Bauschinger effect. The current work sets out to provide a critical knowledge base for this change, with emphasizing the important influence of the plate mechanical properties on the pipe. So that the quality of pipe can be further ensured. In the work, firstly, the historical data of the pipe yield strength were collected and plotted together from a wide range of published sources to provide a broad quantitative insight, which provides a quantitative review on the parameters that govern the final pipe yield strength. Secondly, a Finite Element model of the pipe forming and mechanical evaluation was developed and then validated with available industrial testing results, in where the effects of operational and testing parameters on the pipe yield strength were analysed and discussed in detail. Finally, using the validated Finite Element model, a parametric study was conducted to dissect the individual role that each of the material parameters plays on changing the yield strength from plate to pipe. We found that the yield strength of the pipe can differ significantly. This work sheds lights on the desired plate mechanical properties to optimize the final pipe yield strength.

An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Gamma Radiation on 3D Printed ABS for In-Space Manufacturing Purposes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Rankouhi ◽  
Fereidoon Delfanian ◽  
Robert McTaggart ◽  
Todd Letcher
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

The following work is presented as a preliminary study on the effects of gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) as an in-space 3D printing feedstock to investigate the forthcoming possibilities of this technology for future space exploration missions. 3D printed testing samples were irradiated at different dosages from 1 to 1400 kGy (1 Gray (Gy) = 1 J/kg = 100 rad) using a Cobalt-60 gamma irradiator to simulate space radiation environment. Testing samples were manufactured using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with a Makerbot Replicator 2x 3D printer. The correlation between the mechanical properties of irradiated samples and accumulated radiation dosage were evaluated by a series of tensile and flexural tests. Furthermore, Shore hardness tests were conducted to evaluate changes in surface hardness of irradiated parts. Finally, results were compared with a control group of samples. Findings showed a significant decrease in mechanical performance and noticeable changes in appearance of the parts with accumulated dosage of 1000 kGy and higher. However, for dosages below 10 kGy, samples showed no significant decrease in mechanical performance or change in appearance. These results were used to predict the life of a 3D printed part on board the International Space Station (ISS), on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, in deep space and long duration missions.

Evaluation of the Mechanical Performance of Woodball Mallet: A Finite Element Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 1032-1034
Author(s):  
Yi Chen Lu ◽  
Yao Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Head Part ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Maximal Stress ◽  
Element Study

This study aims to analyze the relevant mechanical properties of woodball shafts by applying numerical methods. The structures of woodball were constructed in Solidworks 2007 to form the solid models, and the numerical model was analyzed in ABAQUS to acquire the simulation resluts. The collision speed between ball and mallet was from the experiment of motion analysis. As the maximal stress of mallet was concentrated in the proximal part of bottle, some enforcement design could be carried out in this part to reduce the fracture incidence. Another important finding is the contact area at the mallet head was really small, the rubber cover at head part may thicken at the centre part and thinner at the outside area. For further study, it is important to represent the higher fidelity of the input conditions for the finite element analysis (FEA).

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