scholarly journals Soybean Meal-Based Wood Adhesive Enhanced by Phenol Hydroxymethylated Tannin Oligomer for Exterior Use

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Mingsong Chen ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Sheldon Q. Shi ◽  
Jianzhang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Synthetic Adhesives

Bio-based adhesives have low water resistance and they are less durable than synthetic adhesives, which limits their exterior applications. In this study, a bio adhesive was developed from soybean meal and larch tannin that was designed for exterior use. Phenol hydroxymethylated tannin oligomer (PHTO) was synthesized and then mixed with soybean meal flour in order to obtain a soybean meal-based adhesive (SPA). The results showed that the moisture absorption rate, residual rate, and solid content of SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (mass ratio with respect to the entire adhesive) were improved by 22.8%, 11.6%, and 6.8%, respectively, as compared with that of pure SPA. The wet shear strength of plywood with SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (boiling in 100 °C water for 3 h) was 1.04 MPa when compared with 0 MPa of pure SPA. This met the bond strength requirement of exterior-use plywood (GB/T 9846.3-2004). This improved adhesive performance was mainly due to the formation of a crosslinked structure between the PHTO and the protein and also PHTO self-crosslinking. The formaldehyde emission of the resulting plywood was the same as that of solid wood. The PHTO-modified SPA can potentially extend the applications of SPAs from interior to exterior plywood.

Water-Resistance Material from Fibers and Acrylic Emulsion Terpolymer

2015 ◽  
Vol 1083 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Hai Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Lower Variation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Styrene (SM), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA) were used to synthesize a polyacrylic emulsion by core-shell emulsion polymerization. The solid content of the emulsion reached 40% using reasonable reactive emulsifier contents and feeding modes. Then, two kinds of fibers (recovered and hardwood fiber) were respectively dispersed, coated, and dried with emulsion. Finally, fiber-based water-resistant material was successfully fabricated. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of a mass ratio of polyacrylic emulsion to fiber of 2:1, the Cobb value of the material reached 7.1 g/m2 and 10.8 g/m2 respectively. Cobb value of recovered fiber material was more stable than hardwood fiber, and stayed in a lower variation scope on the whole. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology of products. The SEM results proved that, the polyacrylic emulsion filled the gaps between fibers, decreased the porous structure. This filling effect led to a continuous structure, and kept the water from infiltrating inside of the material. On the other hand, for the short fiber in recovered fiber material arranged closer, the water resistance of the material was further enhanced.

An eco-friendly wood adhesive from soy protein and lignin: performance properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (122) ◽  
pp. 100849-100855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Luo ◽  
Jianlin Luo ◽  
Cheng Yuan ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jianzhang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Performance Properties

The aim of this study was to improve the water resistance of a soybean meal-based adhesive with a low-cost lignin-based resin (LR).

scholarly journals Emulsifier-Free Acrylate-Based Emulsion Prepared by Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Qing-Xia Yuan ◽  
Shu-Ling Gong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Melamine Formaldehyde ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Iodine Transfer

The self-emulsifying acrylate-based emulsions with solid content 45 wt.% were prepared in 3.5 h by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP), and the polymer molecular weight (Mn) could be 30,000 g·mol−1. The influences of methacrylic acid (MAA) amount, soft/hard monomer mass ratio, and iodine amount on polymerization and latex were investigated. A moderate amount of ionized MAA was needed to stabilize the emulsion. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased with the increasing mass ratio of soft/hard monomer. A higher iodine amount resulted in lower Mn. The increased Mn after chain extension of the polymer with water-insoluble monomers in iterative one-pot method proved the living of polymer. Compared with conventional emulsion polymerization, molecular weight (Mn) could be controlled, and Mn of polymer synthesized in RITP emulsion polymerization is higher; emulsion of polyacrylate-containing hydroxyl monomer units prepared by RITP emulsifier-free radical polymerization is more stable. Good properties, such as hardness, water resistance, adhesion, and increased value of maximum tensile of films modified by reaction of polyacrylate with melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin, indicated potential application in baking coating.

scholarly journals Performance of a formaldehyde-free sesame protein adhesive modified by urea in the presence and absence of glyoxal

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3121-3136
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Wei ◽  
Yuxiang Ma ◽  
Xuede Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Compact Surface ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Sesame Cake

Sesame cake and meal, byproducts of the sesame oil process industry and mainly used as feed and fertilizer, are often not optimally utilized and are wasted when the material could be used as a high-quality protein source. This research primarily emphasizes the preparation of a sesame protein-based adhesive with urea and glyoxal modification to use as a wood adhesive. The performance and characterization of the urea and glyoxal modified sesame protein adhesive (USP and GUSP, respectively) were measured precisely. After glyoxal was added, the water resistance of the GUSP adhesive was significantly enhanced, reaching the standard for Type II plywood. The formaldehyde emission test showed that the GUSP adhesive could be utilized as a formaldehyde-free wood adhesive, having a significantly lower than the demand of the E0 level (i.e., 0.5 mg/L). Furthermore, increasing the glyoxal content in the adhesives enhanced the thermal stability but not significantly. A substance with a crosslinking structure was formed from the reaction between the sesame protein and glyoxal, which enhanced the water resistance. Meanwhile, the fractured structure of the GUSP adhesive having a compact surface also was propitious to enhance the water resistance. Thus, the GUSP adhesive could be used as a novel adhesive in plywood fabrication.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of the Urea-Formaldehyde Res-In/Reactive Halloysite Nanocomposites Adhesive with Low-Formaldehyde Emission and Good Water Resistance

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Jingbiao Song ◽  
Shiwei Chen ◽  
Xibin Yi ◽  
Xinfu Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Sem Images

Low-cost urea formaldehyde resin (UF)/reactive halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposite adhesive was prepared successfully via in situ polymerization. The HNTs were modified to improve its compatibility with polymer. The XRD and FTIR results showed that physical and chemical interaction between the HNTs and polymer resin influenced the structure of UF owing to the functional groups on the HNTs. It is found from SEM images that the modified HNTs could be dispersed uniformly in the resin and the nanocomposite particles were spherical. The performance experiment confirmed that thermal stability of nanocomposite increased largely, formaldehyde emission of UF wood adhesive reduced 62%, and water resistance of UF wood adhesive improved by 84%. Meanwhile, the content of HNTs on the nanocomposites could be up to 60 wt %. The mechanism of the nanocomposites based on the reactive HNTs was proposed. The approach of the preparation could supply an idea to prepare other polymer/clay nanocomposites.

A sepiolite-based united cross-linked network in a soybean meal-based wood adhesive and its performance

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (51) ◽  
pp. 45158-45165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Jianlin Luo ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Jianzhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Wood Adhesive

In this study, the sepiolite was initially treated with KH-560 and then introduced into the soybean meal/triglycidylamine adhesive system to form a united cross-linked network to improve the water resistance of the resultant adhesive.

scholarly journals Weathering Stability and Durability of Birch Plywood Modified with Different Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Oligomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Juris Grinins ◽  
Vladimirs Biziks ◽  
Brendan Nicholas Marais ◽  
Janis Rizikovs ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Commercial Resin ◽  
D 20

This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the weathering stability and biological durability of birch plywood. Silver birch (Betula pendula) veneers were vacuum-pressure impregnated with four different PF resins with average molecular weights (Mw) of 292 (resin A), 528 (resin B), 703 (resin C), and 884 g/mol (resin D). The aging properties of PF resin modified birch plywood were analyzed using artificial weathering with ultraviolet (UV) light, UV and water spray, and weathering under outdoor conditions. The same combinations of PF-treated plywood specimens were then tested in soil-bed tests to determine their resistance against soft-rot wood decay. It was not possible to compare weathering processes under artificial conditions to processes under outdoor conditions. However, the weathering stability of birch plywood treated with PF resins A, B, and C, scored better than plywood treated with commercial resin D (regardless of solid content concentration [%]). Results from unsterile soil bed tests showed improvements in resistance to soft-rot wood decay compared to untreated plywood and solid wood. Mass loss [%] was lowest for birch plywood specimens treated with resin of highest solid content concentration (resin D, 20%). Provisional durability ratings delivered durability class (DC) ratings of 2–3, considerably improved over untreated solid wood and untreated birch plywood (DC 5).

scholarly journals Improved Water Resistance of Soybean Meal-based Adhesive with SDS and PAM

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixin Xu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Shifeng Zhang ◽  
Jianzhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Water Resistance

Preparation and Characterization of Silicate Wood Adhesive Modified with Ammonium Stearate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 1048-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li Zhang ◽  
Hong Hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Qiang Wu ◽  
Yun Chu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Grade Ii

In order to improve the water resistance of silicate wood adhesive, a kind of silicate adhesive was prepared from water glass with silica as curing agent, and ammonium stearate as modifier. The chemical structure, surface morphology and thermal properties of the silicate adhesive were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, and thermo-gravimetric analyzer. As the two main measures of adhesion properties, the bonding strength and water resistance were also determined. The results showed that ammonium stearate was successfully introduced into the molecule structure of silicate, the silicate adhesive have good thermal stability in the range of 30~800 °C and the modified silicate adhesive had more smooth cured morphology. The bonding strength and 24h water absorption rate of poplar plywood glued by the silicate adhesive was 0.71 MPa and 22.81%, respectively, reaching the grade II of plywood performance's national standard.

Preparation and Water Resistance of the New Water Epellent Agent of Paper Lunch Boxes

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1199-1202
Author(s):  
Shu Fang Zhou ◽  
Chuan Shan Zhao ◽  
Jing Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Water

In this paper, a kind of sizing synergist,AKD,cationic rosin(CRS) and oil resistance agent were mixed in different proportions, we make it as a kind of new water repellent agent ,and for internal sizing. The best dosage and the composite ratio of the synergist, AKD, cationic rosin and oil resistance agent was discussed mainly in this experiment. And then the copy paper were tested of the substanceweight and contact angle, and compared with the water resistance when the domestic water repellent agent or AKD was added alone. Conclusions of this experiment are following: the optimal conditions were that the mass ratio of AKD and CRS is 6:4, the additive level of AKD and the cationic rosin is 6% (based on dry weight of pulp), the quantity of the sizing synergist is 0.5% , and no oil resistance agent was added, the effect of water resistance is best.

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