scholarly journals Shape Tuning and Size Prediction of Millimeter-Scale Calcium-Alginate Capsules with Aqueous Core

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Jinchao Zhao ◽  
Qing Guo ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Alginate Capsules ◽  
Spherical Caps ◽  
Aqueous Core

Controllable feature and size, good mechanical stability and intelligent release behavior is the capsule products relentless pursuit of the goal. In addition, to illustrate the quantitative relationship of structure and performance is also important for encapsulation technology development. In this study, the sphericity and size of millimeter-scale calcium sodium alginate capsules (mm-CaSA-Caps) with aqueous core were well tuned by manipulating the viscosity, surface tension, and density of CaCl2/carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) drops and sodium alginate (SA) solution. The well-tuned mm-CaSA-Caps showed significant mechanical and control-releasing property effects. The results showed that the prepared mm-CaSA-Caps were highly monodispersed with average diameter from 3.8 to 4.8 mm. The viscosity of the SA solution and the viscosity and surface tension of the CaCl2/CMC solution had significant effects on the mm-CaSA-Caps sphericity. Uniform and spherical mm-CaSA-Caps could be formed with high viscosity CaCl2/CMC solution (between 168.5 and 917.5 mPa·s), low viscosity SA solution (between 16.2 and 72.0 mPa·s) and decreased surface tension SA solution (by adding 0.01 wt.% poloxamer 407). The diameter of the mm-CaSA-Caps could be predicted by a modified Tate’s law, which correlated well with the experimental data. The Caps with sphericity factor (SF) < 0.07 had better mechanical stability, with the crushing force 2.91–15.5 times and the surface Young’s modulus 2.1–3.99 times higher than those of the non-spherical Caps (SF > 0.07). Meanwhile, the spherical Caps had a more even permeation rate, which was helpful in producing uniform and sustained releasing applications in foodstuff, medicine, agriculture and chemical industry.

scholarly journals Surface Thermodynamics, Viscosity, Activation Energy of N-Methyldiethanolamine Aqueous Solutions Promoted by Tetramethylammonium Arginate

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Tian ◽  
Lemeng Wang ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Dong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Surface Thermodynamics ◽  
Surface Entropy ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Surface Enthalpy

The surface tension and viscosity values of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solutions promoted by tetramethylammonium arginate ([N1111][Arg]) were measured and modeled. The experimental temperatures were 303.2 to 323.2 K. The mass fractions of MDEA (wMDEA) and [N1111][Arg] (w[N1111][Arg]) were 0.300 to 0.500 and 0.025 to 0.075, respectively. The measured surface tension and viscosity values were satisfactorily fitted to thermodynamic models. With the aid of experimentally viscosity data, the activation energy (Ea) and H2S diffusion coefficient (DH2S) of MDEA-[N1111][Arg] aqueous solution were deduced. The surface entropy and surface enthalpy of the solutions were calculated using the fitted model of the surface tension. The quantitative relationship between the calculated values (surface tension, surface entropy, surface enthalpy, viscosity, activation energy, and H2S diffusion coefficient) and the operation conditions (mass fraction and temperature) was demonstrated.

Glucose oxidase (GOX) release of stressed chia mucilage‐sodium alginate capsules prepared by Electrospraying

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minerva Rentería‐Ortega ◽  
Ma. Paz Salgado‐Cruz ◽  
Eduardo Morales‐Sánchez ◽  
Liliana Alamilla‐Beltrán ◽  
Mariana Valdespino‐León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Alginate Capsules ◽  
Chia Mucilage

Preparation and properties of wet-spun microcomposite filaments from cellulose nanocrystals and alginate using a microfluidic device

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5780-5793
Author(s):  
Ji-Soo Park ◽  
Chan-Woo Park ◽  
Song-Yi Han ◽  
Eun-Ah Lee ◽  
Azelia Wulan Cindradewi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Orientation Index ◽  
Cacl2 Solution

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were wet-spun in a coagulation bath for the fabrication of microfilaments, and the effect of sodium alginate (AL) addition on the wet-spinnability and properties of the microcomposite filament was investigated. The CNC suspension exhibited excellent wet-spinnability in calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution, and the addition of AL in CNC suspension resulted in the enhancement of the wet-spinnability of CNCs. As the AL content increased from 3% to 10%, the average diameter of the microcomposite filament decreased, and its tensile properties deteriorated. The increased spinning rate caused an increase in the orientation index of CNCs, resulting in an improvement in the tensile properties of the microcomposite filament.

scholarly journals The Effect of Extrusion Voltage and Flowrate to the Viability and Survivability of Probiotic L. casei Encapsulated in Alginate-Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djaenudin ◽  
Endang Saepudin ◽  
Muhamad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Chitosan Beads ◽  
Alginate Capsules ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Extrusion Method

 Chitosan-coated L. casei containing alginate capsules (shortened as L. casei capsules) were prepared by extruding L. casei containing alginate solution at different extrusion voltage and and flow rate followed by coating the wet capsules in chitosan solution. This study aimed to determine the effect of extrusion voltage and sodium alginate liquid flow rate on the viability of L. casei bacteria in the encapsulation process. The encapsulation process in this study was carried out by the extrusion method using sodium alginate of 1% (w/v) and chitosan of 0.2% (w/v). The resulted beads were immersed in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (NaCl 0.2%; HCl 0.5 M with a pH of 1.5) for 1, 60, and 120 min at 37 °C. The number of L. casei cells before encapsulation was 12.3 log CFU. After encapsulation, the maximum viability of L. Casei obtained by voltage variations of 0 kV and flow rate 5 mL/min were 12.26 log CFU.  After testing the beads in SGF for 1 min, the results obtained indicate that viability of L.casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with an extrusion voltage of 0 kV and 5 mL/min was 11.8 log CFU/g. The result indicated that encapsulated L. casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with a voltage of 0 kV and 5 mL/min was the highest survivability level of 97.38 %. The conclusions of the study were The higher extrusion voltage can kill more L. casei while the higher extrusion flow rate can protect more L. casei.

The effect of ink formulation on colorimetric properties of inkjet printing considering the impact of substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Ewaznezhad Fard ◽  
Saeideh Gorji Kandi ◽  
Marziyeh Khatibzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Viscosity Modifier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polymeric Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ink Formulation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the performance of ink formulations caused by the addition of compounds that improve the ink’s physical properties to achieve an optimum formulation for inkjet printing, because of the importance and simplicity of this method. Design/methodology/approach Ink samples were formulated using Acid Red 14 as ink colorant, different percentages of polymeric compounds including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone and Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as viscosity modifier compounds and surfactant as the surface tension enhancer. Formulated samples were adjusted in terms of fluid physical properties e.g. viscosity, density and surface tension, and the effect of used compounds on the improvement of both physical and colorimetric properties such as viscosity, surface tension, colorimetric coordinates and lightfastness has been evaluated to achieve the optimum printing inks to be printed on three different substrates. Findings The experimental observations showed that CMC was the most compatible compound as the viscosity modifier as its viscosity value was in the printable range of 2–22 cP. Moreover, a flow-curve test was applied to the ink samples and their Newtonian behavior was approved. Based on the spectrophotometric test results of printed samples, the samples containing PVA provided acceptable lightfastness in comparison to other ink samples on every used substrate. Originality/value An optimum relation between colorimetric coordinates of the printed samples and ink formulation could be considered and achieved.

The effects of the addition to soil of alginic acid and of other forms of organic matter on soil aeration

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Quastel ◽  
D. M. Webley
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Acetate Methyl ◽  
Standard Soil ◽  
Water Holding

1. A manometric technique for the assessment of soil aeration, described in a preceding paper by Webley (1947), has been used for comparing the effects of the incorporation into soil of alginic acid (as the ion) and other organic materials on soil airwater relationships. Some of the shortcomings of the technique, as well as its advantages are described.2. The addition of sodium alginate to a soil improves its crumb stability and its water-holding power. It is shown that the addition of 0-1 g. sodium alginate to 100 g. of the air-dried standard soil used in this work has a gross effect equivalent to an increase in the water-holding power of soil of 11%. The effect of the alginate rapidly increases to a maximum with increase of the concentration of the alginate. The incorporation of the relatively insoluble calcium alginate has but little effect on the soil airwater relationship. It is suggested that alginate confers hydrophilic properties on soil by its combination as an ion with one or more constituents of the soil particle, thereby presenting new surfaces with high water-holding powers.3. Incorporation into soil of cellulose acetate, methyl cellulose or of carboxymethyl cellulose improves its water-air relationships.

A thermodynamic approach to mechanical stability of nanosized particles

Open Physics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Samsonov ◽  
Nikolay Sdobnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Stability Condition ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Gas Clusters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Second Variation ◽  
Nonpolar Organic

AbstractThermodynamic stability conditions for nanoparticles (resulting from non-negativity of the second variation of the free energy) have been analyzed for two cases: (i) a nonvolatile nanosized particle with the size-dependent surface tension; (ii) the limiting case of larger objects when the surface tension takes its macroscopic value. It has been shown that the mechanical stability of a nanoparticle, i.e. its stability relative to the volume fluctuations, is defined by an interplay between the excess (“surface”) free energy and the volumetric elastic energy. According to the results obtained, noble gas clusters and metal nanoparticles satisfy the mechanical stability condition. At the same time, water nanodrops, as well as nanoparticles presented by nonpolar organic molecules, correspond to the stability limit. Among the investigated systems, the stability condition is not carried out for n-Pentane clusters.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Anticancer Drug Loaded Double Walled Microspheres

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Elangovan Nagarajan ◽  
B Rama ◽  
M Swetha ◽  
G.S Sharma ◽  
L Jyothi Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

In the present work, double walled microspheres of Tamoxifen (antiestrogenic drug) using Sodium alginate, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K100,Guar gum, Xanthun gum were formulated to deliver Tamoxifen (TMX) through  oral route to treat breast cancer patients. Details regarding the preparation and evaluation of the formulations have been discussed in results. From the study following conclusions could be drawn. The results of this investigation indicate that Ion gelation method can be successfully employed to fabricate TMX microspheres. FT-IR spectra of the physical mixture revealed that the drug is compatible with the polymers and copolymer used. Microspheres containing sodium alginate along with HPMC in 1:1 ratio had a least size range of 610µm. Increase in the polymer concentration led to increase in % Yield, % Drug entrapment efficiency, Particle size. The  invitro drug release decreased with increase in the polymer and copolymer concentration. Among all formulations F7 shows Maximum drug release in 12 th hr  when compared with other formulations. Analysis of drug release mechanism showed that the drug release from the formulations followed the Non fickian diffusion mechanism and follows zero order kinectics. Based on the results of evaluation tests formulation coded F7 was concluded as best formulation. Keywords : Tamoxifen, sodium alginate, HPMC, Microspheres, Diffusion, Copolymers,  Entrapment efficiency.

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